- •Оглавление
- •Введение
- •Unit 1 service industry
- •Assignments
- •St. Petersburg State University of Service and Economics
- •Words and expressions
- •Service industry
- •Words and expressions
- •Which are personal qualities required for working in the service industry?
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •The Sights
- •Cathedrals, Churches and Monasteries
- •Bridges
- •Theatres
- •Festivals
- •The suburbs
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Indefinite pronouns some / any and their derivatives
- •Things to do
- •Unit 3 higher education in the uk
- •Assignments
- •Types of English universities
- •Entrance to British universities
- •The university system in Britain
- •Variety of other British higher institutions
- •Words and expressions
- •1. At an International Conference.
- •2. A Television Interview.
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •Unit 4 higher education in the usa
- •Assignments
- •Categories of institution in the usa
- •Involvement in learning
- •Changes in American higher education
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •Unit 5 political system in the uk
- •Words and expressions
- •Political system of the usa
- •The us Constitution
- •The Legislative Branch
- •The Executive Branch
- •The Judicial Branch
- •Major Political Parties
- •Elections
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •Words and expressions
- •Assignments
- •Travelling by air
- •Words and expressions
- •Travelling by train
- •Britain Rail’s Services
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Things to do
- •Unit 7 at the customs
- •Assignments
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Unit 8 meals
- •Meals and Mealtimes in Britain
- •Sunday Roast
- •Eating out in London
- •Restaurants
- •International and fusion cuisine
- •Fast food
- •Ordering food
- •Grammar exercises
- •2. Be a host and a guest in turns.
- •3. Project Work:
- •Unit 9 accommodation
- •How to book
- •Classification
- •Yha Hostels
- •Independent Hostels
- •University Accommodation
- •Bed and Breakfast
- •Guesthouses
- •Rental Accommodation
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Unit 10 london
- •Assignments
- •Buckingham Palace
- •Houses of Parliament
- •Westminster Abbey
- •St. Paul’s Cathedral
- •Trafalgar Square
- •Nelson`s Column
- •The Tower of London
- •Piccadilly Circus
- •Shakespeare`s Globe Theatre
- •Covent Garden
- •Downing Street
- •The Charles Dickens Museum
- •Neasden Temple
- •Royal parks
- •British Library
- •Changing the Guard
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Indirect Speech
- •Order tell ask beg suggest
- •Things to do
- •Unit 11 shopping
- •Shopping in London
- •Words and expressions
- •Assignments
- •Marks & Spencer Britain's Favourite Store
- •How did it all begin?
- •What are the best-sellers?
- •Why is m&s so successful?
- •I’m not a shopaholic!
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •The media
- •National and local newspapers in the usa
- •Radio and television in the usa
- •The press in the uk
- •Television and Radio in the uk
- •Words and expressions
- •Assignments
- •Machine Dreams
- •Words and expressions
- •Grammar exercises
- •Infinitive
- •Things to do
- •Grammar reference present forms Present Simple
- •Present Continuous
- •State verbs
- •Present Perfect
- •Present Perfect Continuous
- •Past forms The past forms of be
- •Past Simple
- •Past continuous
- •Past Perfect
- •Past Perfect Continuous
- •Future forms
- •The Future Simple
- •Going to, planning to
- •The Present Continuous
- •The Present Simple
- •The Future Continuous
- •The Future Perfect
- •The Future Perfect Continuous
- •Articles
- •Adjectives
- •Pronouns
- •Some/Any/No
- •A little/Little
- •Modal verbs
- •Functions of modal verbs
- •Passive voice
- •Personal / Impersonal passive constructions
- •Reported speech
- •1 Change of tenses
- •2 Verbs and conjunctions used for reporting
- •3 Word order in reported questions
- •Conditionals
- •Infinitive – gerund – participles The Infinitive
- •The Gerund
- •The Participles
- •Suffixes Common suffixes for nouns
- •Common suffixes for adjectives
- •Prefixes used to form opposites
- •Other prefixes which change meaning
- •Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
- •Bibliography
- •Заключение
- •191015, Г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кавалергардская, д. 7
Common suffixes for adjectives
|
-able, -ible |
miserable, responsible |
|
-al |
physical, psychological |
|
-ant, -ent, -ient |
pleasant, violent, efficient |
|
-ed |
depressed, talented |
|
-ful |
powerful, successful |
|
-ic |
enthusiastic, scientific |
|
-ing |
exciting, interesting |
|
-ive |
aggressive |
|
-less |
intensive |
|
-ious |
hopeless, penniless (= without) |
|
-ous |
anxious, nervous |
|
-y |
healthy, wealthy |
Remember!
Many adjectives to describe feelings have both an -ing and an -ed form.
annoyed / annoying depressed / depressing excited / exciting
The -ed form describes how you feel.
I'm very tired this morning.
The -ing form describes what makes you feel that way.
Looking after babies can be very tiring
However, not all -ed / -ing adjectives have both forms.
Ben is a very talented musician. Fortunately, her illness isn't catching.
Prefixes used to form opposites
|
dis- |
disloyal, displeased* |
|
il- |
illegal, illiterate |
|
im- |
immature, impossible |
|
in- |
inexperienced, insecure |
|
un- |
unhappy, unpopular* |
* Note that these prefixes can also be used with some verbs, e.g. disagree,
unlock.
Other prefixes which change meaning
|
prefix |
examples |
meaning |
|
anti- |
anti-social, anti-war |
against |
|
mis- |
mismanaged |
badly, in the wrong way |
|
non |
non-stop, non-smoking |
without, not |
|
over- |
over-cooked |
too much |
|
post- |
post-war |
after |
|
pre- |
pre-war |
before |
|
pro- |
pro-European |
in favour of |
|
re |
re-united, re-charged |
again |
|
self |
self-confident |
relating to itself |
|
under |
under-closed |
not enough |
Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
We use at, in and on in these ways:
|
at + a time of the day |
at 2 o’clock at 6.30 at midnight at noon at lunchtime |
|
in + a part of the day But: at night |
in the morning in the afternoon in the evening
|
|
on + a day |
on Monday on Wednesday on Saturday on Christmas day on Monday morning on Saturday night |
|
on + a date |
on 4th July on 1st January |
|
at weekends |
at the weekend at the weekends |
|
at + public holiday |
at Christmas at Easter
|
|
in + longer periods eg months, seasons, years etc. |
in July in September in 1983 in the 19th century |
Verb + preposition
After many verbs we use particular prepositions. For example, we say believe in and concentrate on.
Here are some more common examples of these verb + preposition combinations:
■ apologize to someone for (doing) something
I apologized to her for being late.
■ apply for
Are you going to apply for this job?
■ belong to
Does this book belong to you?
■ care about (=think someone/something as important)
I don’t care about money. Money can’t buy happiness.
But: care for (=look after, nurse)
She’s very good at caring for sick animals.
■ take care of (=look after)
Could you take care of the baby while I go out shopping?
■ complain to (someone) about (something)
The workers complained to the manager about the working
conditions.
■ crash into run into drive into bump into
When he was driving home he almost crushed into the bus.
■ depend on
‘Are you going to the beach tomorrow?’ ‘It depends on the weather.’
■ die of
A lot of people are dying of AIDS.
■ dream about (while asleep)
I was dreaming about Sue when I suddenly woke up.
But: dream of (=imagine)
When I was younger I dreamt of being a famous pop-singer.
■ hear about (= be told about)
Have you heard about Jimmy? He broke his leg in a skiing accident.
But: hear from (=receive news from)
We haven’t heard from Mike since he wrote to us last May.
Also: hear of (=know that someone/something exists) Have you heard of a disco called The Dance Factory?
■ laugh at smile at
Who’s that girl smiling at you?
■ listen to
Would you like to listen to some music?
■ look at
Look at this photograph
But: look for (=try to find)
Can you help me, please? I’m looking for West Street.
Also: look after (=take care of)
Could you look after the baby while I go shopping?
■ rely on
You can’t rely on the post. It’s always late.
■ search for
I’ve been searching for my keys.
■ shout at
Don’t shout at me! I can hear you.
■ speak to talk to
I spoke to Sue this morning.
■ suffer from
He suffers from asthma.
■ think about (=use you mind)
You look sad. What are you thinking about?
But: think of/about (=consider)
He’s thinking about changing his job.
Also: think of (=have as opinion about)
‘What do you think of Sue?’ ‘She is very nice.’
■ wait for
How long have you been waiting for the bus?
■ write to
I’ll write to you soon.
таблица неправильных глаголов
|
Infinitive |
Past Simple |
Past Participle |
Перевод |
|
be |
was/were |
been |
быть, являться |
|
bear |
bore |
born |
рождаться |
|
become |
became |
become |
становиться |
|
begin |
began |
begun |
начинать |
|
bite |
bit |
bitten |
кусать |
|
blow |
blew |
blown |
дуть |
|
break |
broke |
broken |
ломать |
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
приносить |
|
build |
built |
built |
строить |
|
burst |
burst |
burst |
поджигать |
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
покупать |
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
ловить |
|
choose |
chose |
chosen |
выбирать |
|
come |
came |
come |
приходить |
|
cut |
cut |
cut |
резать |
|
deal |
dealt |
dealt |
иметь дело |
|
do |
did |
done |
делать |
|
draw |
drew |
drawn |
рисовать |
|
drink |
drank |
drunk |
пить |
|
drive |
drove |
driven |
водить |
|
eat |
ate |
eaten |
есть |
|
fall |
fell |
fallen |
падать |
|
feed |
fed |
fed |
кормить |
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
чувствовать |
|
fight |
fought |
fought |
бороться |
|
find |
found |
found |
находить |
|
fly |
flew |
flown |
летать |
|
forbid |
forbade |
forbidden |
запрещать |
|
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
забывать |
|
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
замерзать |
|
get |
got |
got/gotten |
получать |
|
give |
gave |
given |
давать |
|
go |
went |
gone |
идти |
|
grow |
grew |
grown |
расти |
|
hang |
hung |
hung |
вешать |
|
hide |
hid |
hidden |
прятать |
|
hit |
hit |
hit |
бить |
|
hold |
held |
held |
держать |
|
keep |
kept |
kept |
хранить |
|
know |
knew |
known |
знать |
|
lay |
laid |
laid |
накрывать |
|
lead |
led |
led |
вести |
|
learn |
learnt |
learnt |
изучать |
|
leave |
left |
left |
покидать |
|
lend |
lent |
lent |
занимать |
|
let |
let |
let |
позволять |
|
lie |
lay |
lain |
лгать |
|
light |
lit |
lit |
зажигать |
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
терять |
|
make |
made |
made |
производить |
|
mean |
meant |
meant |
значить |
|
meet |
met |
met |
встречать |
|
pay |
paid |
paid |
платить |
|
put |
put |
put |
положить |
|
read |
read |
read |
читать |
|
ride |
rode |
ridden |
ездить |
|
ring |
rang |
rung |
звонить |
|
rise |
rose |
risen |
восходить |
|
run |
ran |
run |
бежать |
|
say |
said |
said |
сказать |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
видеть |
|
sell |
sold |
sold |
продавать |
|
send |
sent |
sent |
посылать |
|
set |
set |
set |
устраивать |
|
shake |
shook |
shaken |
трясти |
|
show |
showed |
shown |
показывать |
|
shut |
shut |
shut |
закрывать |
|
sing |
sang |
sung |
петь |
|
sink |
sank |
sunk |
тонуть |
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
сидеть |
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
спать |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
говорить |
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
проводить |
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
стоять |
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
воровать |
|
swim |
swam |
swum |
плавать |
|
swing |
swang |
swung |
качаться |
|
take |
took |
taken |
брать |
|
teach |
taught |
taught |
учить |
|
tell |
told |
told |
рассказывать |
|
think |
thought |
thought |
думать |
|
throw |
threw |
thrown |
бросать |
|
understand |
understood |
understood |
понимать |
|
wake |
woke |
woken |
будить |
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
носить |
|
win |
won |
won |
побеждать |
|
write |
wrote |
written |
писать |