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Adjectives

Comparative and Superlative forms

1 One-syllable and two-syllable adjectives ending in –y

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

Spelling

young

younger

the youngest

most adjectives +

tall

taller

the tallest

-er, the -est

nice

nicer

the nicest

adjectives ending

large

larger

the largest

in -e: + -r, the -st

thin

thinner

the thinnest

one vowel + one

big

bigger

the biggest

consonant: double the consonant

pretty

prettier

the prettiest

change -y to -i

2 Other two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives

serious

more serious

the most serious

sophisticated

more sophisticated

the most sophisticated

But we usually use -er and the -est with the following two-syllable adjectives: clever, quiet, simple, gentle.

3 Irregular forms

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

good

little

many/much

bad

far

better

less

more

worse

farther /further

the best

the least

the most

the worst

the farthest / furthest

4 Prepositions in comparative phrases

I think she’s more attractive than her sister.

Your eyes are very similar to your mother’s.

Are these glasses very different from your old ones?

She looks like a businesswoman.

Her earrings are the same as mine.

Pronouns

Subject pronouns

Object pronouns

Possessive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns

I

me

my

mine

myself

he

him

his

his

himself

she

her

her

hers

herself

it

it

its

its

itself

we

us

our

ours

ourselves

you

you

your

yours

yourself / yourselves

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

Some/Any/No

Affirmative sentences

Negative sentences

Interrogative sentences

people:

somebody

anybody

nobody/not anybody

things:

something

anything

nothing/ not anything

places:

somewhere

anywhere

nowhere/not anywhere

1 Some, any and no are used with uncountable nouns (coffee, sugar, etc.)

and plural countable nouns (cars, flowers, etc.).

some coffee, some cars

2 Some and its compounds (someone, somebody, something, somewhere)

are normally used in affirmative sentences.

He’s got some friends.

There is somebody at the door.

3 Any and its compounds are usually used in interrogative sentences.

Not any is used in negative sentences.

Have you got any money?

There aren’t (=are not) any shops near here.

He is not anywhere.

4 Any and its compounds are also used with negative words such as without,

never, seldom, rarely, etc.

He left without any excuse. She has hardly any money left.

5 No and its compounds are used instead of not any in negative sentences.

They haven’t got any time./They’ve got no time.

6 We use a singular verb with compounds of some, any and no.

Someone is calling for help.

There is nothing on the table.

7 Some and its compounds are also used in interrogative sentences when we

make an offer or request.

Would you like some orange juice? (offer)

Can I say something? (request)

A Lot – Much – Many

A lot of/Lots of are used with both plural countable and uncountable nouns. They are normally used affirmative sentences.

Mary’s got a lot of /lots of dresses.

There is a lot of / lots of coffee in the pot,

Much and many are normally used in interrogative and negative sentences.

Much is used with uncountable and many with plural countable nouns.

There’s much cheese in the fridge.

There isn’t much cheese left.

Have you got many books?’ I haven’t got many books’

Much

We use much with singular (uncountable) nouns and many with plurals.

Much and many are most common in questions and negatives, and after so, as, too, very.

In other informal affirmative sentences, we generally prefer a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of).

How much time have we got?’ ‘ How many tickets do we need?’

Do you have much trouble with English?’ ‘I don’t have much trouble speaking, but I have lots of difficulty writing .’

Are there many opera houses in London?’ ‘Not many, but a lot of theatres and plenty of cinemas.’

There are too many people here.

I love you so much.

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