Vocabulary notes:

1. to typeset – набирати

2. cold-type composition – «холодний набір»

3. advent – поява

4. floppy disk – гнучкий диск, дискета

5. galley proof – відбиток гранки, коректура в гранках

6. proof reader – коректор

7. a mechanical – монтаж (полос) оригінал – макет

8. a camera-ready copy – оригінал-макет

9. shade – відтінок, тон

10. to strip in – вклеювати (ілюстрації, текст) при монтажі

11. to align – лінірувати рядок (линировать строку – выравнивать)

12. paste up – фотомонтаж

13. combined (composite) negative – комбінований негатив

14. to etch – протравляти, гравірувати

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1. What must be done before any material can be printed?

2. Why was the typesetting called hot-metal typesetting?

3. When did the process of typesetting become more automated?

4. Can operators typeset text directly from an author’s floppy disk?

5. Where is a preliminary copy of the text sent to?

6. What is the function of a proof-reader?

7. Are the corrected proofs returned to the proof-reader?

8. Who makes the necessary changes?

9. Why are illustrations prepared separately from the text?

10. What kind of dots create the impression of darker shades?

11. What is called a mechanical, or camera-ready copy?

12. What has a metal plate been coated with?

Exercise 3. Find in the text the English for:

фотонабір; рукопис; шрифт; набирати матеріал; набірна машина; поява комп’ютерів; коректор; ряди, що пропущені; помилка; окремо; оригінал-макет; полутонові зображення; обробляти негативи; бути покритим будь-чим.

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian.

accuracy; to be delivered to; the space between lines; floppy disk; to transmit the text; a preliminary copy; galley proof; misspelled words; to undergo; a printing plate; the composite negative; to be burned.

Exercise 5. Give the four forms of the verbs:

to choose to check

to do to apply

to call to leave

to become to to use

to make to to know

Exercise 6. Write T (True) or F (False) next to each sentence.

1. Today most typesetting is done by a procedure called photocomposition.

2. The corrected proofs are returned to the proof-reader.

3. A preliminary copy of the text is sent to an editor.

4. Smaller, more widely spaced dots convey lighter shading.

5. The typesetter makes the necessary changes.

6. A printing plate is a metal plate that has been coated with photochromic material.

7. Colour illustrations and photographs are analysed into five basic colours – red, blue, green, yellow and black.

Exercise 7. Join the broken sentences.

1. Hot-metal typesetting was so called becaus 2. Illustrations are prepared 3. With the advent of computers 4. The proof-reader marks 5. The completed page is called 6. Space is left where

a. misspelled words, typographical mistakes and other errors. b. the halftones will be placed later. c. the type was cast from a molten lead alloy. d. a mechanical, or camera-ready copy. e. separately from the text. f. the process has become more automated.

Exercise 8. Put the sentences in the right order.

1. Larger and more closely packed dots create the impression of darker shades.

2. An operator typed the text into the composing machine.

3. The first step is to choose a type for the text and typeset the material.

4. Before any material can be printed, the text must be checked for accuracy.

5. The composite negative is used to make what is known as a printing plate.

6. More complicated black-and-white illustrations must undergo a halftone process.

7. The mechanicals are photographed, and the negatives are processed.

8. Each colour is then applied separately in the printing process to re-create the four-colour image.

Exercise 9. Find pairs of words.

1. black-and-white a. composition

2. four-colour b. material

3. floppy c. words

4. cold-type d. machine

5. photosensitive e. illustrations

6. misspelled f. image

7. composing g. disk

Exercise 10. Fit the meaning and the words.

a type; a computer; a mark; a manuscript; a shade; illustration

1. something that illustrates; a picture or drawing;

2. an electronic device designed for performing operations on data at high speed:

3. a written or typed piece of writing before set in type;

4. a symbol used in writing or printing;

5. a block with a raised surface used in printing a letter or a character on paper;

6. the degree of darkness of a colour.