Lesson 7

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Resent developments

The printing industry, like many other industries, continues to undergo technological changes, as computers and technology alter the manner in which work is performed. Many of the processes that were once done by hand are becoming more automated, and technology's influence can be seen in all three stages of printing. The most notable changes have occurred in the prepress stage. Instead of cutting and pasting articles by hand, workers now produce entire publications on a computer, complete with artwork and graphics. Columns can be displayed and arranged on the computer screen exactly as they will appear in print, and then be printed. Nearly all prepress work is becoming computerized, and prepress workers need considerable training in computer software and graphic communications. Technology has also affected the printing process itself. Press operators increasingly use computers to make adjustments to printing presses in order to complete a job. The same is also true of bindery and other finishing workers.

Although digital printing is currently a small portion of the industry, it is the fastest growing industry segment as printers embrace this technology. Most commercial printers now do some form of digital printing. Printing processes today use scanners and digital cameras to input images and computers to manipulate and format the graphic images prior to printing. Digital printing is transforming prepress operations as well as the printing process. It eliminates much of the lengthy process in manually transferring materials to the printing press by directly transferring digital files to an electronically driven output device.

The printing industry is also taking on new responsibilities that provide further value for clients. This means customers can now have their finished products labeled, packaged, and shipped directly by printing companies. Other ancillary services that printers are adding include database management, warehousing, and prefabricated design work for clients who want to fill out design templates on the Internet rather than creating original design work. Printers feel that these services are increasingly important to their current and potential customers.

Vocabulary notes:

1. alter – змінювати

2. pasting – склеювати

3. prepress worker – спеціалісти, які виконують підготовчі операції

4. affect – впливати

5. embrace – охоплювати

6. eliminate – усувати, виключати, ліквідувати

7. libeled products – товари з ярликом, етикеткою

8. ancillary services – підлеглі служби

9. warehousing – утримання на складі

10. prefabricated – виготовлений заводським способом

11. armwork – ілюстрації

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1. Why does the printing industry undergo technological changes?

2. Where have the most notable changes occur?

3. What are these changes?

4. How are columns displayed on the computer screen?

5. How has technology affected the printing process itself?

6. What is the role of digital printing in printing industry?

7. What device do printing processes use today and for what aims?

8. What responsibilities is the printing industry taking to provide further value for clients?

9. What do other ancillary services that printers are adding include?

10. Why do printers add these ancillary services for clients?

Exercise 3. Find in the text the English for:

Змінювати; стадії друку; стадія підготовки до друку; вплив технології; склеювання вручну; повне публікування; ілюстрації; впливати на процес друку; перепліт ник; цифрове друкування; швидко зростаючий сегмент економіки; ліквідувати більшість довготривалих процесів; запакований товар.

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian.

To undergo technological changes; to alter; done by hand; prepress stage; pasting; by hand; technology’s influence; notable changes; considerable training in computer software; prepress workers; to eliminate much of the lengthy process; transferring digital files; electronically driven output device.

Exercise 5. Give the four forms of the verbs:

to continue to undergo to perform to occur to make to translate

to grow to eliminate to mean to pack to add to design

Exercise 6. Write T (True) or F (False) next to each sentence.

1. The printing industry is not taking on new responsibilities to provide further value for clients.

2. Printers consider that new services are important to their customers.

3. Printing processes today use scanners and digital cameras.

4. The printing industry continues to undergo technological changes.

5. The printing industry has not been computerized yet.

6. Press operators increasingly use computers.

7. Digital printing is the fastest growing industry segment.

Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences:

1. Technology has also affected …

2. Press operators increasingly use computers to make …

3. Printing processes today use …

4. Digital printing is transforming …

5. The printing industry is also taking on …

6. Printers use other services which include …

Exercise 8. Put the sentences in the right order

1. Printers feel that these services are increasingly important to their current and potential customers.

2. The printing industry continues to undergo technological changes.

3. The printing industry is also taking on new responsibilities that provide further value for clients.

4. Many of the processes that were once done by hand are becoming more automated.

5. The most notable changes have occurred in the prepress stage.

6. Printing processes today use scanners and digital cameras to input images and computers to manipulate and format the graphic images prio to printing.

7. Other ancillary services that printers are adding include database management, warehousing and prefabricated design work for clients.

8. Digital printing is transforming prepress operations as well as the printing process.

Exercise 9. Complete the sentences with suitable prepositions.

1. Computers and technology alter the manner … which work is done.

2. Press operators increasingly use computers … make adjustments … printing presses.

3. Printers are adding other ancillary services … clients who want … fill out desigh templates … the internet.

4. Most commercial printers now do some form … digital printing.

5. Printing processes today use scanners and digital cameras … input images and computers … manipulate and format the graphic images prior … printing.

6. The printing industry is also taking … new responsibilities that provide further value … clients.

7. Instead … cutting and pasting articles … hand, workers now produce entire publications … a computer.

8. The most notable change have occurred … the prepress stage.

Exercise 10. Join the broken sentences.

Printers feel that these services are important Press operators use computers Although digital printing is a small portion of industry Many of the processes that were once done by hand Technology has also affected

to make adjustment to printing presses in order to complete a job. are becoming more automated. the printing process itself. it is the fastest growing industry segment. to their current and potential customers.

Exercise 11. Find pairs of synonyms.

try connect occur considerable act portion manner exchange

appear important affect mode test join interchange part

Exercise 12. Find pairs of opposites.

continue often strong long begin close top recent

short distant stop weak bottom seldom old finish

Exercise 13. Fit the meaning and the words.

continue ancillary original transferring complete eliminate

something having all its parts something having a service to those carrying on the main business something changing position, moving first or earliest to go farther, to go on remove; to take or put away

Exercise 14. Find pairs of words.

printing technological digital prepress computer labled ancillary automated

printing services processes screen products industry operations changes