Lesson 8

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Occupations in the industry

Printing occupations range in skill from those found in quick printing to specialized production occupations rarely found in other industries. Production occupations make up 53 percent of industry employment with printing machine operators accounting for the most employment’ of any single occupation in the industry at 16 percent.

Production occupations. Prepress technicians prepare print jobs for the presses. They take text or images from clients and ensure that coloring and other issues are resolved before the job goes to press. For those processes that require it, technicians then create the printing plate. Increasingly, prepress technicians receive the material for the pages as electronic computer files, which they upload to their computers, and use digital imaging software to lay out the pages. In very small shops or shops with small format digital equipment, prepress technicians may also design materials for those clients who need it. "Preflight" technicians, a type of prepress worker, examine and edit the pages to ensure that the design, format, settings, quality, and all other aspects of the finished product will be completed according to the client's specifications. Larger printers may add customer service duties to the traditional list of prepress duties in order to streamline business workflow.

When material is ready, printing machine operators review the material with the prepress technician, and then install and adjust the printing plate on the press. They must also meter the flow of fountain solution, adjust pressure, ink the printing presses, load paper, and adjust the press to paper size. Operators must correct any problems that might occur during a press run, which means they must monitor the process throughout the run and make minor repairs when necessary. Job printers, who usually work in small print shops, perform the prepress work as well as operate the press.

During the binding or finishing stage, the printed sheets are transformed into products such as books, catalogs, magazines, or directories. Bindery workers fold and fasten groups of sheets together, often using a machine stapler, to make "signatures". They then feed the signatures into various machines for stitching or gluing—a process that now relies mainly on computers. Bookbinders assemble books from large, flat, printed sheets of paper. They cut, saw, and glue parts to bind new books. They also perform other finishing operations, such as decorating and lettering, often using hand tools. A small number of bookbinders work in hand binderies. These highly skilled workers design original or special bindings for publications with limited editions, or restore and rebind rare books.

Vocabulary notes:

1. range – поливатися (в певних межах), простягатися

2. prepress technician – фахівець, який виконує підготовчі роботи

3. resolve – вирішувати, узгоджувати

4. printing plate – друкувальна форма

5. to lay out the pages – зробити маке сторінок

6. edit – готувати до друку, редагувати

7. fountain solution – зволожуючий розчин

8. printing hress – друкувальна машина, верстат

9. binding – оправа, обкладинка

10. bindery worker, bookbinder – палітурник

11. fold – фальцювати

12. signature – з фальцьований аркуш, зошит

13. stritching – брошуровка

14. gluing – склеювання

15. lettering – напис, тиснення

16. glue – склеювати

17. bindery – палітурна майстерня

18. meter – вимірювати

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1. What is the range of printing occupations?

2. What is the task of prepress technicians?

3. When do technicians create the printing plate?

4. How do prepress technicians receive the material for the pages?

5. What may prepress technicians do in very small shops?

6. What do printing machine operators do when material is ready?

7. What is the task of operators during a press run?

8. What are printed sheets transformed into during the binding?

9. What is the task of bindery workers?

10. How do bookbinders assemble books?

11. What other finishing operations do bookbinders perform?

12. What work do bookbinders perform in hand binderies?

Exercise 3. Find in the text the English for:

Друкарська професія; підготовка до друку; вирішувати, дозволяти; друкарська форма; зробити макет сторінок; спеціалісти, які виконують підготовчі роботи; редагувати сторінки; за специфікацією клієнта; встановити друкарську форму; влити зволожуючий розчин; пристосувати пресс за розміром сторінки; складати та закріпляти листи.

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian.

Production occupation; to create the printing plate; to resolve before the job goes to press; with small format digital equipment; digital imaging software; customer service duties; to review the material; to adjust the press to paper size; problems occurred during a press run; to make minor repairs; binding stage; printed sheets; bindary worker; to feed the signatures into various machines.

Exercise 5. Give the four forms of the verbs:

To range to use

To find to complete

To account to add

To upload to meter

To lay out to run

Exercise 6. Write T (True) or F (False) next to each sentence.

1. Bindary workers prepare print jobs for the presses.

2. Operators must correct any problems that might occur during a press run.

3. “Preflight” technicians examine and edit the pages.

4. Bindery workers feed the signatures into various machines.

5. Bindery workers also prepare print jobs for the presses.

6. A great number of bookbinders work in hand binderies.

7. Bookbinders working in hand binderies are highly skilled workers.

Exercise 7. Join the broken sentences.

Prepress technicians “Preflight” technicians In very small shops When material is ready Operators must correct any problems that Bindery workers

prepress technicians may also design materials for clients. printing machine operators review the material. prepare print jobs for the presses. examine and edit the pages. might occur during a press run. fold and fasten groups of sheets together.

Exercise 8. Put the sentences in the right order

1. When material is ready, printing machine operators review the material with the press technician.

2. During the binding or finishing stage, the printed sheets are transformed into books, catalogs, magazines or dictionaries.

3. Production occupations make 53 percent of industry employment.

4. Bindery workers fold and fasten groups of sheets together.

5. Operators must correct any problems that might occur during a press run.

6. A small group of bookbinders work in hand binderies.

7. Prepress technicians receive the material for the pages as electronic computer files.

8. Bookbinders assemble books from large, flat, printed sheets of pages.

Exercise 9. Find pairs of words.

prepress to prepare print jobs printing machine specialized production binding (binishing) hand highly skilled

occupations operators stage bindery workers technician for the presses

Exercise 10. Find pairs of synonyms.

occupation to publish to edit finish quantity to try

to print end amount profession to test to redact

Exercise 11. Find pairs of opposites.

to find load often to break to write complicated before

rare to repair to print easy upload to lose after

Exercise 12. Complete the following sentences:

1. Prepress technicians prepare print jobs …

2. Larger printers may add …

3. When material is ready …

4. Operators must correct any problem that …

5. During the finishing stage …

6. Bindary workers often use …

7. A small number of bookbinders work …

Exercise 13. Complete the sentences with suitable prepositions.

1. Production occupations make … 53 percent of industry employment … printing machine operators.

2. Prepress technicians ensure that coloring and other issues are resolved … the job goes … press.

3. The printed sheets are transformed … books, catalogs, magazines or directories.

4. Operators must correct problems that occur … a press run.

5. Bindery workers feed the signatures … various machines … stretching or gluing.

6. Bookbinders assemble books … large, flat, printed sheets … paper.

7. A small number … bookbinders work … hand binderies.

Exercise 14. Fit the meaning and the words.

occupation ensure edit streamline complete assemble

make more efficient finish, bring to an end guarantee gather together prepare (another pleson’s writing) for publication business; trade