- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Acknowledgements
- •Abbreviations
- •Contributors
- •1 Normal pregnancy
- •2 Pregnancy complications
- •3 Fetal medicine
- •4 Infectious diseases in pregnancy
- •5 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- •6 Labour and delivery
- •7 Obstetric anaesthesia
- •8 Neonatal resuscitation
- •9 Postnatal care
- •10 Obstetric emergencies
- •11 Perinatal and maternal mortality
- •12 Benign and malignant tumours in pregnancy
- •13 Substance abuse and psychiatric disorders
- •14 Gynaecological anatomy and development
- •15 Normal menstruation and its disorders
- •16 Early pregnancy problems
- •17 Genital tract infections and pelvic pain
- •18 Subfertility and reproductive medicine
- •19 Sexual assault
- •20 Contraception
- •21 Menopause
- •22 Urogynaecology
- •23 Benign and malignant gynaecological conditions
- •24 Miscellaneous gynaecology
- •Index
799
Index
A |
|
|
adnexal torsion |
96–7, 422, |
alpha-fetoprotein |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
693, 796 |
|
|
|
(AFP) 115, 727 |
|
||
abacavir 177, 178 |
|
bimanual vaginal |
|
5-alpha reductase |
574, 575 |
|
||||
abdominal circumference |
examination |
463 |
ambulatory urodynamic |
|
||||||
(AC) 40, 41, 148 |
see also ovaries |
|
monitoring |
660 |
|
|||||
abdominal examination |
adolescents |
|
|
|
amenorrhoea 506–7 |
|
||||
gynaecological |
|
benign ovarian |
|
|
in adolescence 494 |
|
||||
examination |
462 |
tumours |
693 |
|
lactational 360, 364 |
|
||||
lower urinary tract |
dermatological |
|
primary 486–7, 494, 506 |
|
||||||
examination |
656 |
conditions |
492–3 |
secondary 494, 506 |
|
|||||
normal pregnancy 6–7 |
gynaecological |
|
|
American Rheumatism |
|
|||||
abdominal pain |
|
disorders |
494–5 |
Association criteria 229 |
|
|||||
(in pregnancy) |
|
puberty, see puberty |
aminoglycosides 210–11, 356 |
|
||||||
adnexal torsion |
96–7 |
termination of |
|
|
amitriptyline 698 |
|
|
|||
bowel-related 94–5 |
pregnancy |
526 |
amniocentesis |
130–1, 168 |
|
|||||
cholecystitis (acute) 96–7 |
vaginal discharge |
490 |
amnion 19 |
|
|
|
||||
non-abdominal causes 97 |
see also children |
|
amniotic fluid embolism |
|
||||||
pancreatitis |
97 |
|
adrenal adenoma |
252–3 |
(AFE) 398–9, 412 |
|
||||
pregnancy-related 90–3 |
adrenal carcinoma |
252–3 |
amniotic fluid volume |
|
||||||
abdominal wall defects, |
adrenal gland disorders |
abdominal |
|
|
|
|||||
anterior 126–7 |
hirsutism causation 575 |
examination |
6–7 |
|
||||||
abdominal wound |
see also specific disorders |
meconium-stained |
|
|||||||
infection |
355 |
|
adrenal hyperplasia, |
(MSAF) 290 |
|
|
||||
abnormal lie |
84, 88–9, 315 |
congenital |
250–1 |
oligohydramnios |
138–9 |
|
||||
Abortion Act 1967 526 |
adrenaline, neonatal |
polyhydramnios |
134, 140 |
|
||||||
abscess, breast 355, 366, |
resuscitation |
346 |
amniotomy/artificial rupture |
|
||||||
367 |
|
|
adrenocorticotrophic |
of membranes |
266, |
|
||||
absent end diastolic flow |
hormone (ACTH) |
276–7 |
|
|
|
|||||
(AEDF) 150, 151, 153 |
Addison’s disease 252 |
amoxicillin 195, 213 |
|
|||||||
acanthosis nigrans 576–7 |
changes in pregnancy 24 |
amphetamine sulphate 442, |
|
|||||||
accelerations, |
|
congenital adrenal |
443 |
|
|
|
||||
cardiotocography 282, |
hyperplasia |
250–1, |
anaemia |
|
|
|
||||
288 |
|
|
480–1 |
|
|
|
chemotherapy side |
|
||
ACE (angiotensin converting |
Cushing’s |
|
|
|
effect 758 |
|
|
|||
enzyme) inhibitors 63 |
syndrome |
252–3 |
fetal hydrops |
132, 133, |
|
|||||
acetylcholine receptor |
hypopituitarism |
256–7 |
134, 135, 136–7 |
|
||||||
antibodies 233 |
adverse events, |
|
|
folate deficiency |
199 |
|
||||
aciclovir 164, 166, 554 |
practice-related |
haemorrhage effect |
|
|||||||
acidosis, fetal |
284 |
injuries 772–7 |
|
magnification |
412 |
|
||||
activated partial |
|
age, risks for advanced |
iron-deficiency 199 |
|
||||||
thromboplastin time |
maternal 30 |
|
|
malnutrition |
33 |
|
|
|||
(APTT) 396 |
|
airway |
|
|
|
physiological |
26 |
|
|
|
acupuncture |
523, 670 |
maternal resuscitation 374 |
physiological adaptation in |
|
||||||
acute fatty liver |
|
neonatal |
|
|
|
pregnancy 199 |
|
|||
of pregnancy |
|
resuscitation |
344, 345 |
undiagnosed cause of |
|
|||||
(AFLP) 218–19 |
albumin 723 |
|
|
|
persistent |
47 |
|
|
||
Addisonian collapse 209 |
alcohol consumption |
vitamin B12 deficiency 199 |
|
|||||||
Addison’s disease |
252, 253 |
alcohol abuse in |
|
anaesthesia |
|
|
|
|||
adenocarcinoma |
715, 735 |
pregnancy |
430–7 |
consent for gynaecological |
|
|||||
clear cell 496, 748, 749 |
pregnancy advice 32–3 |
procedures 786–7 |
|
|||||||
adenoma |
|
|
alimentary system, |
|
examination under |
|
||||
cervical 687 |
|
seegastrointestinal/ |
anaesthetic (EUA) 716 |
|
||||||
endometrial 688–9 |
alimentary system in |
general (GA) |
337 |
|
||||||
adenomyosis |
570, 582–3, |
pregnancy |
29 |
|
local, see local anaesthesia |
|
||||
796 |
|
|
allergy history |
4, 460–1 |
obstetric, see obstetric |
|
||||
adhesions 566, 585 |
alopecia 759 |
|
|
|
anaesthesia |
|
|
|||
adnexae |
|
|
alpha-blockers |
248 |
anal sphincter trauma 304 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
800 INDEX
|
analgesia |
|
|
see also specific drugs |
aorta, coarctation of |
198 |
||||||
|
advanced cancer 766–7 |
antibody screen |
46 |
aortic compression |
|
|||||||
|
chronic pelvic pain 568 |
anti-cardiolipin |
|
|
blood pressure effects 27 |
|||||||
|
epidural, see epidural |
antibody 230–1 |
massive obstetric |
|
||||||||
|
anaesthesia/analgesia |
anticholinergic drugs 670, |
haemorrhage |
|
||||||||
|
patient-controlled |
671 |
|
|
|
management 387 |
||||||
|
(PCA) 332–3 |
anticoagulation drugs |
aortic stenosis |
196 |
|
|||||||
|
World Health |
|
artificial heart valves in |
Apgar scoring system |
268, |
|||||||
|
Organization (WHO) |
pregnancy 194–5 |
342 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
analgesic ladder 766–7 |
prevention of venous |
apomorphine |
612 |
|
|||||||
|
anatomy 10–13, 464–9 |
thromboembolism |
appendix |
|
|
|||||||
|
androgen insensitivity |
(VTE) |
392–3 |
|
appendicitis |
94 |
|
|||||
|
syndrome (AIS) 476, |
treatment of venous |
primary tumour 724–5 |
|||||||||
|
477–8, 482–3 |
thromboembolism |
aromatase inhibitors |
587 |
||||||||
|
androgen levels |
480–1, |
(VTE) |
396–7 |
|
arousal disorder 608 |
|
|||||
574, 575 |
|
|
see also specific drugs |
arterial embolization |
387, |
|||||||
|
android pelvic shape 11 |
anticonvulsant/antiepileptic |
389, 689 |
|
|
|||||||
|
anencephaly 118–19 |
medication |
|
|
arteriovenous |
|
|
|||||
|
anorexia, advanced |
fetal risks/use in |
|
malformations (AVM), in |
||||||||
|
cancer 768 |
|
pregnancy |
186, 187–9 |
pregnancy |
190–1 |
|
|||||
|
anorexia nervosa 449 |
as mood stabilizers 450 |
artificial heart valves |
194–5 |
||||||||
|
antenatal (AN) care |
pain management in |
artificial rupture of |
|
||||||||
|
blood tests |
43, 46–7 |
cancer 766 |
|
membranes (ARM)/ |
|||||||
|
booking visit |
42–3 |
types of |
186–7, 450 |
amniotomy 266, 276–7 |
|||||||
|
multiple pregnancy 76–7 |
vulvodynia/vestibulodynia |
ascites |
722–3 |
|
|
||||||
|
planning 44–5 |
management |
698 |
aspirin |
64–5, 184 |
|
||||||
|
preparing for delivery 48 |
anti-D immunoglobulin 58, |
anti-phospholipid antibody |
|||||||||
|
antepartum haemorrhage |
137, 360, 530, 789 |
syndrome 231, 544–5 |
|||||||||
|
(APH) |
|
|
antidepressant drugs 451; |
artificial heart valves in |
|||||||
|
assessment 56–7 |
see also specific drugs/ |
pregnancy 194 |
|
||||||||
|
management |
58–9 |
drug types |
|
|
assisted reproductive |
|
|||||
|
overview 55, 380 |
antidiuretic hormone |
technologies |
|
||||||||
|
see also massive obstetric |
(ADH) |
257, 277 |
(ART) 600–4 |
|
|||||||
|
haemorrhage |
anti-DNA |
228 |
|
|
in vitro fertilization, see in |
||||||
|
anterior colporrhaphy 680 |
antiemetic drugs |
546–7 |
vitro fertilization (IVF) |
||||||||
|
anthropoid pelvic shape 11 |
antiepileptic drugs, |
asthma |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
anti-androgens |
572 |
see anticonvulsant/ |
breast-feeding benefit 364 |
||||||||
|
antibiotic therapy |
antiepileptic drugs |
in pregnancy |
208–9 |
|
|||||||
|
endocarditis |
|
|
antifibrinolytics |
516 |
atenolol |
63 |
|
|
|||
|
prophylaxis 195 |
antihypertensive |
|
|
atosiban |
99 |
|
|
||||
|
group B streptococcus |
medications |
62–3, 67, |
atresias |
|
126–7 |
|
|||||
|
(GBS) 172 |
68, 71; see also specific |
atrial fibrillation (AF) |
196 |
||||||||
|
mastitis 367 |
|
|
drugs |
|
|
|
atrophic vaginitis 551 |
|
|||
|
pelvic inflammatory |
anti-oestrogens 596–7 |
atrophy, urogenital 638, |
|||||||||
|
disease (PID) 563 |
anti-phospholipid antibody |
646, 651 |
|
|
|||||||
|
pneumonia 212–13 |
syndrome 230–1, 542, |
autoimmune disease |
|
||||||||
|
prelabour rupture |
544–5 |
|
|
|
drug treatments 232 |
||||||
|
of membranes at |
antipsychotic drugs 451 |
see also specific diseases |
|||||||||
|
term 314 |
|
antiretroviral drugs |
autoimmune idiopathic |
||||||||
|
preterm pre-labour |
highly active |
|
|
thrombocytopenic |
|||||||
|
rupture of membranes |
antiretroviral therapy |
purpura 206–7 |
|
||||||||
|
(PPROM) 103 |
(HAART) 176–7, |
azithromycin 528, 553, 555 |
|||||||||
|
puerperal pyrexia 353, |
178–82 |
|
|
azoospermia 598, 599 |
|||||||
355, 356, 357 |
post-exposure prophylaxis |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
puerperal sepsis 353 |
(PEP) |
619 |
|
|
B |
|
|
|
|
||
|
recurrent miscarriage |
anti-Ro antibodies |
228, 232 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
management 544–5 |
antithrombin III |
|
|
‘baby blues’, |
|
|
|||||
|
renal/urinary tract |
deficiency 392 |
|
postpartum 455 |
|
|||||||
|
infections |
220–1, 358 |
antithyroid drugs |
242–3 |
Baby-Friendly Hospital |
|||||||
|
sexual assault |
618 |
anti-Xa levels 396 |
|
Initiative (BFHI) 362–3 |
|||||||
|
termination of |
anxiety disorders, |
|
backache, |
|
|
||||||
|
pregnancy |
528 |
antenatal 446, 448 |
pregnancy-related |
7, 52 |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX |
801 |
||
bacterial vaginosis (BV) |
551, |
postnatal problems 358 |
booking visit 42–3 |
|
|
|
||||||
559 |
|
|
|
|
practice-related |
|
borderline ovarian |
|
|
|
||
preterm labour |
|
|
injury |
776–7 |
|
tumours 730 |
|
|
|
|||
prevention 100 |
|
|
radiotherapy side |
|
botulinum toxin A 671 |
|
|
|
||||
recurrent miscarriage |
543, |
effects 763 |
|
bowel |
|
|
|
|
||||
544–5 |
|
|
|
reduced/absent |
|
echogenicity of 128 |
|
|
|
|||
Baden–Walker |
|
|
sensation 655 |
|
postnatal problems 358 |
|
|
|||||
classification 674 |
|
|
see alsourogynaecology; |
see also gastrointestinal |
|
|
||||||
barbiturate abuse 444 |
|
specific disorders/ |
|
tract; specific disorders |
|
|
||||||
Bartholin’s cyst 686 |
|
|
procedures |
|
bowel habit, gynaecological |
|
|
|||||
baseline rate, |
|
|
|
bladder retraining 670 |
|
history 460 |
|
|
|
|||
cardiotocography |
282, |
bleeding |
|
|
bowel obstruction, |
|
|
|
||||
284, 288 |
|
|
|
in advanced cancer 768 |
advanced cancer 768 |
|
|
|||||
baseline variability, |
|
|
dysfunctional uterine |
|
bowel preparation 789 |
|
|
|
||||
cardiotocography |
|
|
(DUB) 512–19 |
|
bowel-related abdominal |
|
|
|||||
282–3, 284, 288 |
|
|
in early pregnancy 530–1 |
pain, in pregnancy 94–5 |
|
|
||||||
behavioural therapy |
|
|
intermenstrual (IMB) |
458, |
brachytherapy 738, 762 |
|
|
|
||||
over-active bladder |
|
|
459, 504 |
|
bradycardia |
|
|
|
||||
syndrome 670 |
|
|
postcoital (PCB) 458, |
fetal 284 |
|
|
|
|||||
sexual dysfunction |
610 |
459, 504 |
|
neonatal 344–5 |
|
|
|
|||||
benign neoplasms |
|
|
postmenopausal |
|
Brandt–Andrew’s |
|
|
|
||||
lower genital tract |
686–7 |
(PMB) 458, 459, 736, |
technique 271 |
|
|
|
||||||
ovarian |
690–3; |
|
|
737, 795 |
|
Braxton Hicks |
|
|
|
|||
see also ovarian cysts |
quantification of |
|
contractions 92 |
|
|
|
||||||
uterine 688–9; |
|
|
‘heavy’ 533 |
|
BRCA gene, mutations |
|
|
|
||||
see also fibroids |
|
|
see also antepartum |
|
of 702, 720–1 |
|
|
|
||||
benzathine penicillin |
556 |
haemorrhage (APH); |
breast |
|
|
|
|
|||||
benzodiazepines |
|
|
massive obstetric |
|
abscess |
355, 366, 367 |
|
|
|
|||
abuse of |
444 |
|
|
haemorrhage; |
|
cancer of, see breast |
|
|
|
|||
psychiatric disorder |
|
|
postpartum |
|
cancer |
|
|
|
||||
management 448 |
|
haemorrhage (PPH) |
changes in |
|
|
|
||||||
benzylpenicillin 172 |
|
|
blood pressure (BP) |
|
puerperium 350 |
|
|
|
||||
beta-agonists |
209 |
|
|
blood loss |
|
engorgement 366 |
|
|
|
|||
beta-blockers |
62–3, 242–3, |
parameters 383 |
|
mastitis |
355, 366, 367 |
|
|
|
||||
248; see also specific |
|
hypertension, see |
|
pregnancy physiology |
28 |
|
|
|||||
drugs |
|
|
|
|
hypertension |
|
pregnancy symptoms |
36, |
|
|
||
betamethasone 99, 103, 696 |
hypotension, see |
|
54 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
bevacizumab |
760–1 |
|
|
hypotension |
|
puerperal pyrexia |
|
|
|
|||
bilateral oophrectomy |
|
measurement of 7, 60 |
causation 355 |
|
|
|
||||||
and salpingectomy |
|
monitoring in labour |
267 |
sore/cracked |
|
|
|
|||||
(BSO) |
689, 721, 733, |
pregnancy physiology |
27, |
nipples 366–7 |
|
|
|
|||||
738 |
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
breast cancer |
|
|
|
|
bimastoid diameter 16–17 |
blood supply, anatomy |
466 |
breast-feeding 366, 427 |
|
|
|||||||
biofeedback 664, 678 |
|
blood tests |
|
hormone replacement |
|
|
||||||
biopsy |
|
|
|
|
blood grouping in |
|
therapy (HRT) |
|
|
|
||
bladder |
658 |
|
|
antenatal care 46 |
|
risk |
649 |
|
|
|
||
cervical |
424 |
|
|
booking visit 43 |
|
in pregnancy 427 |
|
|
|
|||
endometrial |
736 |
|
|
congenital abnormalities |
breast-feeding |
|
|
|
||||
biparietal diameter |
|
|
screening |
|
antibiotic drugs and 356 |
|
|
|||||
(BPD) |
15–17, 40, 41 |
|
tests |
112–13, 114–15 |
anticoagulant drugs |
|
|
|
||||
biphosphonates 766 |
|
|
fetal blood sampling |
|
and |
194 |
|
|
|
|||
bipolar affective |
|
|
(FBS) |
132, 280–1, 289 |
anticonvulsant drugs |
|
|
|
||||
disorder 448, 450–2, |
|
fetal hydrops 132–3 |
|
and |
189, 450 |
|
|
|
||||
456 |
|
|
|
|
pre-eclampsia 64, 66 |
|
antithyroid drugs and |
243 |
|
|
||
Bishop’s score, |
|
|
blood transfusion, see |
|
asthma and 208–9 |
|
|
|
||||
Modified 274, 275 |
|
transfusion |
|
benefits |
364 |
|
|
|
||||
bitemporal diameter |
16–17 |
boari flap |
774 |
|
contraception/lactational |
|
|
|||||
bladder |
|
|
|
|
body mass index (BMI) |
7, |
amenorrhoea 360, 364 |
|
|
|||
anatomy |
466, 467 |
|
|
33, 258–9, 406 |
|
drug-related milk |
|
|
|
|||
imaging |
659 |
|
|
|
bone mineral density |
|
production |
|
|
|
||
‘keyhole’ 123 |
|
|
(BMD) |
590, 638, 640–1 |
reduction 366 |
|
|
|
||||
pain 655 |
|
|
|
bone pain |
766 |
|
overview 362–3 |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
802 INDEX
breast-feeding (Cont’d) overview of drugs and 368, 371
potential problems 366–7 psychiatric medications
and 450–1 rubella immunization
and 360 viruses and 370
breathing
maternal resuscitation 374 neonatal
resuscitation 342–3, 344, 345, 347
respiratory rate in pregnancy 27
see also specific disorders breathlessness/dyspnoea
in advanced cancer 768 CMACE
recommendations 411 in pregnancy 27, 54, 411
breech presentation breech extraction 81, 402 deeply engaged head
differentiation 8 delivery 86–7
external cephalic version (ECV) 84–5, 315
overview 82 bregma (anterior
fontanelle) 14, 15 Brenner tumour 692 bromocriptine 254–5
brow presentation 318, 319 bulimia nervosa 449 bulking agents,
peri-urethral 666 bupivacaine, spinal
anaesthesia 334
burch colposuspension 666, 671
C
C3 levels 228 CA125
benign ovarian tumour diagnosis/
management 690–1, 693
ovarian cancer diagnosis/ management 722–3, 726, 730
screening and surveillance for ovarian cancer 703, 721
cabergoline 254–5 cachexia 768 caesarean section (CS)
abnormal lie 315
anaesthetic techniques 334–7
antibiotics (prophylactic) 357
anticoagulation and 397 breech presentation 84,
86 cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (maternal) and 374
cervical cancer management 425
complications overview 310–11
consent 783
cord prolapse 401 diabetes 238
for failed operative vaginal delivery 298
fibroids and 420–1 HIV infection 180 indications for 308–6
induction of labour with previous 279
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 214–15
injury during 776, 777 multiple pregnancy 80–1 overview 306–7 phaeochromocytoma 248 refusal of 783
scar dehiscence 279 types of 309
vaginal birth after (VBAC) 307
wound haematoma 397 wound infection 355
calcium gluconate 71, 227 Calcium Resonium® 227 calcium supplementation,
dietary 32 calculi 567
cancer, see malignancy; specific cancer types candidiasis 551, 553–4
cannabis abuse 444 capacity, consent issues 782 captopril 62–3
caput succedaneum 15 ventouse and
artificial 294–5, 298 carbamazepine 187, 450 carbimazole 242–3 carboprost, massive
obstetric haemorrhage 386–7
carcinosarcoma 740 cardiac defects, see
congenital heart disease (CHD)/cardiac defects
cardiac disease, see heart/ cardiac disease
cardiac output
in pregnancy 27, 193 in puerperium 350
cardinal ligaments 672, 673 cardiomyopathy,
peripartum 197 cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) maternal 374 neonatal, see neonatal
resuscitation cardiotocography (CTG)/
electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)
abnormalities 284–9 classification 288–9 high-risk fetus
monitoring 153 induction of labour monitoring 276 overview of labour
use 280–1
of second twin 402 terminology 282–3 uterine rupture 93 cardiovascular disease
(CVD)
menopause 638, 650 see also heart/cardiac
disease cardiovascular system
changes in pregnancy 27 changes in
puerperium 350 carpal tunnel syndrome 52 catecholamines 248 catheterization, urinary, see
urinary catheterization cediranib 760–1 ceftriaxone 555, 563
cell cycle 756, 757 Centre for Maternal
and Child Enquiries (CMACE) 406, 410–17
cerebral palsy (CP) 77, 280–1
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)/stroke 190–1, 638
cervical cancer aetiology and
presentation 714–15 cytology, colposcopy and
histology 706–7 diagnosis 716–17 pathology and
screening 424, 704–6 in pregnancy 424–5 treatment 718–19, 761,
764
cervical cerclage 100, 544–5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX |
803 |
|
cervical ectropion 551 |
cholecystectomy |
96 |
|
|
coarctation of aorta 198 |
|
|
|||||
cervical glandular |
cholecystitis, acute 96–7 |
cocaine 440–1 |
|
|
|
|
||||||
intraepithelial neoplasia |
cholera 183–4 |
|
|
|
co-cyprindiol 572, 580–1, |
|
|
|||||
(cGIN) 710–11 |
cholestasis, |
|
|
|
|
622 |
|
|
|
|
||
cervical intraepithelial |
obstetric 216–17 |
|
|
cognition, hormone |
|
|
||||||
neoplasia (CIN) 704–5, |
chorioamnionitis |
102, 103, |
replacement therapy |
|
|
|||||||
706–9, 711 |
|
312–13 |
|
|
|
|
(HRT) effects |
650 |
|
|
||
cervical ripening |
274–5 |
choriocarcinoma |
727, |
|
cognitive behavioural |
|
|
|||||
cervical sutures |
100 |
754–5 |
|
|
|
|
therapy 523 |
|
|
|
||
cervical weakness 98–9, |
chorion 18 |
|
|
|
|
coital dysfunction, see |
|
|
||||
100, 543 |
|
|
chorionic villus sampling |
|
sexual dysfunction |
|
|
|||||
cervix |
|
|
(CVS) 130, 131 |
|
|
collagen, abnormal |
|
|
||||
anatomy 467, 672 |
chorionicity |
|
|
|
metabolism |
672 |
|
|
||||
changes in pregnancy 28 |
determination 74 |
|
collapse, sudden |
|
|
|
||||||
changes in |
|
|
choroid plexus cysts |
128, |
maternal 374–5 |
|
|
|||||
puerperium 350 |
129 |
|
|
|
|
colorectal cancer |
646 |
|
|
|||
preterm labour prediction |
chromosomal abnormalities |
colostrum 28, 362 |
|
|
||||||||
by transvaginal |
diagnostic tests |
111, |
|
colour, neonatal |
|
|
|
|||||
USS 101 |
|
130–1 |
|
|
|
|
assessment 342–3 |
|
|
|||
vaginal examination |
fetal hydrops |
|
|
|
colpoperineorrhaphy, |
|
|
|||||
(bimanual) |
463 |
causation 133 |
|
|
posterior 680 |
|
|
|
||||
chemotherapy |
|
prenatal diagnosis |
|
|
colporrhaphy, anterior 680 |
|
|
|||||
breast cancer |
427 |
overview 108 |
|
|
colposcopy 424, 705, 706, |
|
|
|||||
cervical cancer |
719, 761 |
recurrent miscarriage |
542 |
707, 710 |
|
|
|
|
||||
endometrial cancer 738, |
screening for 44–5, |
|
colposuspension 666–71 |
|
|
|||||||
761 |
|
|
111–15, 128–9 |
|
|
combined oral |
|
|
|
|
||
gestational trophoblastic |
types of |
|
|
|
|
contraceptive pill |
|
|
||||
disease (GTD) 752, |
aneuploidy |
109–10 |
|
(COCP) |
|
|
|
|
||||
754, 755, 761 |
ciprofloxacin 221 |
|
|
breast-feeding |
|
|
|
|||||
ovarian cancer |
724–5, |
circulation |
|
|
|
|
contraindication 360 |
|
|
|||
726, 727, 761 |
anatomy |
466 |
|
|
|
chronic pelvic pain |
|
|
||||
overview in gynaecological |
maternal resuscitation |
374 |
treatment |
568 |
|
|
||||||
cancer 760–1 |
neonatal |
|
|
|
|
diabetes and postnatal |
|
|
||||
principles of |
756–7 |
resuscitation 344–5 |
use 238–9 |
|
|
|
||||||
side effects |
758–7 |
placental |
20–1 |
|
|
|
dysfunctional uterine |
|
|
|||
vaginal cancer |
748–9 |
see also cardiovascular |
|
bleeding (DUB) |
|
|
||||||
vulval cancer 746–7, 761 |
system |
|
|
|
management |
516–17 |
|
|
||||
vulval intraepithelial |
citalopram |
451 |
|
|
|
dysmenorrhoea |
|
|
|
|||
neoplasia (VIN) 742 |
clear cell |
|
|
|
|
management |
510–11 |
|
|
|||
chest compressions, |
adenocarcinoma |
496, |
endometriosis |
|
|
|
||||||
neonatal 344–5 |
748, 749 |
|
|
|
treatment |
586, 587 |
|
|
||||
chickenpox (varicella |
clear cell carcinoma |
715 |
epilepsy and postnatal |
|
|
|||||||
infection) |
164–5, 212, |
climacteric |
636 |
|
|
|
use 189 |
|
|
|
|
|
370 |
|
|
clindamycin |
167, 172, 356, |
hirsutism treatment 578 |
|
|
|||||
children |
|
|
559, 563 |
|
|
|
menstrual disorder |
|
|
|||
consent for treatment 783 |
Clinical Negligence Scheme |
management in |
|
|
||||||||
dermatological |
|
for Trusts (CNST) 792, |
adolescence |
494, 495 |
|
|
||||||
conditions |
492–3 |
793 |
|
|
|
|
overview 622–3 |
|
|
|
||
fertility implications of |
clitoris, anatomy |
467, 468–9 |
polycystic ovarian |
|
|
|||||||
cancer 494, 498–9 |
clobetasol propionate 695, |
syndrome |
|
|
|
|
||||||
gynaecological |
|
696 |
|
|
|
|
management |
572 |
|
|
||
cancers |
496 |
clonidine 651 |
|
|
|
premenstrual syndrome |
|
|
||||
gynaecological |
|
clotrimazole 560 |
|
|
|
management |
522 |
|
|
|||
developmental |
clotting factors |
|
|
|
regimes 624–5 |
|
|
|
||||
disorders 472–87 |
in haemophilia |
204–5 |
|
combined test |
112, 113, |
|
|
|||||
puberty, see puberty |
in pregnancy 26 |
|
|
114–15 |
|
|
|
|
||||
sexual abuse 615, 616, |
clozapine 451 |
|
|
|
communication |
|
|
|
|
|||
618–19 |
|
|
coagulation disorders 322 |
good practice |
778–9 |
|
|
|||||
vaginal discharge 488–9 |
disseminated intravascular |
interpretor services 409 |
|
|
||||||||
see also adolescents |
coagulopathy |
|
|
neonatal resuscitation and |
|
|
||||||
chlamydia 553, 594, 789 |
(DIC) |
383, 398, 399 |
parent 348 |
|
|
|
||||||
chloroquine 167 |
co-amoxiclav 103, 355 |
|
palliative care |
769 |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
804 INDEX
|
complaints 772, 778–9 |
consent 782 |
|
|
tocolysis 99, 400, 401 |
||||||
|
complementary and |
|
in children 783 |
|
controlled cord traction |
||||||
|
alternative therapies |
epidural analgesia |
330 |
(CCT) |
270–1, 320 |
||||||
|
chronic pelvic pain |
568 |
female sterilization |
632–3 |
Cooke’s balloon |
388 |
|||||
|
over-active bladder |
|
operative vaginal |
|
copper-bearing |
|
|
|
|||
|
syndrome |
670 |
|
delivery 292, 298 |
IUCD |
628–9, 630 |
|||||
|
premenstrual |
|
|
overview for common |
cord clamping |
268, 270–1 |
|||||
|
syndrome |
523 |
|
gynaecological |
|
delayed |
347 |
|
|
|
|
|
sexual dysfunction |
610 |
procedures 784–5 |
cord prolapse |
86, 277, |
||||||
|
complications, of pregnancy, |
refusal of |
|
|
278, 401 |
|
|
|
|||
|
see pregnancy |
|
treatment |
663–4 |
coronal suture |
14 |
|
||||
|
complications |
|
sexual assault |
|
|
coronary heart disease |
|||||
|
computed tomography |
examination 616 |
(CrHD) 638; see also |
||||||||
|
(CT) scan 659, 722–3, |
subfertility 783 |
|
heart/cardiac disease |
|||||||
736, 797 |
|
|
surgery that breaches |
corpus albicans |
|
502, 503 |
|||||
|
condylomata acuminata 686 |
peritoneum 786–7 |
corpus luteum |
502, 503 |
|||||||
|
Confidential Enquiry |
|
surgery that enters uterine |
cortisol levels 252–3 |
|||||||
|
into Maternal |
|
cavity 788 |
|
co-trimoxazole |
|
182 |
|
|||
|
and Child Health |
|
constipation |
|
|
cotyledons 19 |
|
|
|
||
|
(CEMACH) |
404–5, |
advanced cancer |
|
counselling |
|
|
|
|||
|
408–9, 410, 430 |
|
symptom 768 |
|
CMACE |
|
|
|
|
||
|
Confidential Enquiry |
|
chemotherapy side |
recommendations 409 |
|||||||
|
into Maternal Deaths |
effect 758 |
|
cystic fibrosis |
|
|
|
||||
|
(CEMD) 404–5, 408–9 |
pelvic pain causation 567 |
prenatal 210 |
|
|||||||
|
Confidential Enquiry into |
postnatal 358 |
|
diabetes |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Stillbirths and Deaths in |
in pregnancy |
29, 50, 90–1 |
pre-pregnancy |
236 |
||||||
|
Infancy (CESDI) 404–5 |
continuous urinary |
|
epilepsy |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
confidentiality, sexual |
incontinence 654 |
pre-pregnancy |
188 |
|||||||
|
abuse 616 |
|
|
contraception |
|
|
genetic |
109, 250–1, 721 |
|||
|
congenital abnormalities |
cessation of 30 |
|
HIV pre-pregnancy |
176–7 |
||||||
|
cytomegalovirus- |
|
combined oral |
|
miscarriage 533 |
|
|||||
|
associated |
162 |
|
contraceptive pill, |
screening/prenatal |
|
|||||
|
diabetes and |
236 |
|
see combined oral |
diagnosis |
108, 109, 111 |
|||||
|
epilepsy (maternal) |
|
contraceptive pill |
sexual assault |
|
618 |
|
||||
|
and 186 |
|
|
(COCP) |
|
|
sterilization |
|
|
|
|
|
multiple pregnancy |
77 |
consent in children 783 |
(female) 632–3 |
|
||||||
|
obesity and 260 |
|
in diabetes 238–9 |
|
surrogacy 603 |
|
|
||||
|
prenatal diagnosis |
|
emergency (EC) 618, 630 |
termination of |
|
|
|||||
|
overview |
108 |
|
in epilepsy 189 |
|
pregnancy |
528 |
|
|||
|
rubella-associated 156, |
female sterilization |
632–4 |
Coxsackie virus |
175 |
|
|||||
157 |
|
|
injectable |
|
|
creatinine |
29, 222–3 |
|
|||
|
toxoplasmosis- |
|
progestogen 628 |
Crohn’s disease |
214–15 |
||||||
|
associated |
169 |
|
intrauterine, see |
|
crown–rump length |
|
||||
|
see also specific |
|
intrauterine |
|
(CRL) |
38–9, 794 |
|
||||
|
abnormalities |
|
contraceptive device |
crowning |
264–5 |
|
|||||
|
congenital adrenal |
|
(IUCD)/intrauterine |
cryoprecipitate |
|
383, 384 |
|||||
|
hyperplasia |
250–1, 476, |
system (IUS) |
|
cube pessary 678, 679 |
||||||
|
480–1 |
|
|
post-molar |
|
|
Cushing’s syndrome |
252–3, |
|||
|
congenital cystic |
|
pregnancy |
752–3 |
481 |
|
|
|
|
||
|
adenomatoid |
|
post-partum |
360, 364, 624 |
cyclophosphamide 232 |
||||||
|
malformation |
|
post-termination 624 |
cyproterone acetate |
|
||||||
|
(CCAM) 124–5, 134 |
in premature |
|
|
580–1 |
|
|
|
|
||
|
congenital genital tract |
menopause 642 |
cystadenocarcinomas 722, |
||||||||
|
malformations 472–1, |
progesterone-only pill |
728–9 |
|
|
|
|
||||
542 |
|
|
(POP) 360, 626–7 |
cystadenomas |
692 |
|
|||||
|
congenital heart block 228 |
progestogen-only |
|
cystectomy 422, 693 |
|||||||
|
congenital heart disease |
subdermal implant 628 |
cystic fibrosis (CF) 126–7, |
||||||||
|
(CHD)/cardiac defects |
transdermal patch |
625 |
210–11 |
|
|
|
||||
|
fetal medicine 120–1, |
vaginal ring 625 |
|
cystitis 220–1 |
|
|
|
||||
133, 134 |
|
|
contractions (uterine) |
interstitial (IC) |
567, 658 |
||||||
|
maternal 192–3, 198 |
266–7, 330, 358 |
|
radiotherapy side |
|
||||||
|
Conn’s syndrome 252 |
Braxton Hicks 92, 266 |
effect 763 |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX |
805 |
||
cystocele/ |
|
detrusor over-activity |
cocaine |
440–1, 443 |
|
|
||||
cystourethrocele 674, |
(DO) 668, 669 |
ecstasy |
442–3 |
|
|
|
||||
675, 676 |
detrusor pressure |
660, 662 |
hallucinogens/lysergic |
|
|
|||||
cystometry |
660, 661–2 |
dexamethasone 250–1, 481 |
acid diethylamide/ |
|
|
|||||
cystoplasty, |
|
diabetes insipidus |
257 |
mescaline 445 |
|
|
|
|||
augmentation 671 |
diabetes mellitus |
234–9 |
opiates |
438–9 |
|
|
|
|||
cystourethrography, |
gestational 47, 240–1, 258, |
overview |
32–3, 430–4 |
|
|
|||||
micturating 659 |
259, 571 |
|
sedatives |
444 |
|
|
|
|||
cystourethroscopy 658 |
diagnostic tests, |
|
tobacco |
32–3, 434, 445 |
|
|
||||
cysts |
|
|
chromosomal |
|
volatile substances |
445 |
|
|
||
cervical 687 |
abnormalities |
111, |
drugs (medication) |
|
|
|
||||
choroid plexus cysts 128, |
130–1 |
|
history |
4, 460 |
|
|
|
|||
129 |
|
diamorphine, in |
|
male subfertility |
|
|
|
|||
ovarian, see ovarian cysts |
labour 328–9 |
|
causation 598–9 |
|
|
|||||
vaginal |
686 |
diaphragmatic hernia 124 |
neonatal resuscitation 346 |
|
|
|||||
vulval |
686 |
diarrhoea |
|
osteoporosis risk |
|
|
|
|||
cytomegalovirus |
chemotherapy side |
factors |
639 |
|
|
|
||||
(CMV) |
162–3, 370 |
effect 758 |
|
overview of breast-feeding |
|
|
||||
cytotoxic agents |
radiotherapy side |
and |
368, 371 |
|
|
|
||||
classes of 757 |
effect 763 |
|
overview of pregnancy |
|
|
|||||
see also chemotherapy |
diathermy, ovarian 596–7 |
use |
261 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
dietary advice |
|
placental barrier/ |
|
|
|
||
D |
|
|
in pregnancy 33, 183 |
transfer 22–3 |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
premenstrual syndrome |
pregnancy planning 34–5 |
|
|
|||||
danazol |
522, 587 |
management |
523 |
teratogenisis, see |
|
|
|
|||
dating of pregnancy 2–3, |
dietary supplements |
teratogenisis |
|
|
|
|||||
38–9 |
|
|
normal pregnancy 32 |
see also specific drugs/ |
|
|
||||
decelerations, |
premenstrual syndrome |
drug types |
|
|
|
|||||
cardiotocography 282, |
management |
523 |
drugs (recreational), |
|
|
|
||||
284, 285–8 |
diethylstilbestrol (DES) 748, |
see drug abuse (in |
|
|
||||||
deep vein thrombosis |
749 |
|
pregnancy) |
|
|
|
||||
(DVT) |
|
D-dimers 395 |
|
ductus venosus |
|
|
|
|||
flying in pregnancy 184 |
disseminated intravascular |
Doppler |
150 |
|
|
|
||||
postnatal |
352, 355 |
coagulopathy (DIC) 383, |
duloxetine |
664 |
|
|
|
|||
symptoms and signs 394 |
398, 399 |
|
duodenal atresia 126–7 |
|
|
|||||
see also venous |
dizygotic twins 74, 75 |
dural puncture 332 |
|
|
|
|||||
thromboembolism |
documentation/record |
dysfunctional uterine |
|
|
||||||
(VTE) |
|
keeping 384, 778–9 |
bleeding (DUB) |
512–19 |
|
|
||||
de-infibulation 471 |
domestic abuse 416–17 |
dysgerminoma 727 |
|
|
|
|||||
delivery, seelabour and |
donor insemination 602–3 |
dyskaryosis, cervical |
705, |
|
|
|||||
delivery |
|
dopamine receptor |
706, 707 |
|
|
|
|
|||
dementia, hormone |
agonists 254–5 |
dysmenorrhoea 510–11 |
|
|
||||||
replacement therapy |
Doppler ultrasound |
dyspareunia |
606–7, 609 |
|
|
|||||
(HRT) and 650 |
ductus venosus |
150 |
dyspnoea, see |
|
|
|
||||
denominator, |
ovarian cancer |
|
breathlessness/dyspnoea |
|
|
|||||
terminology 17 |
screening 703 |
dysuria 655 |
|
|
|
|
||||
Depo-Provera® 628 |
pelvic pain 796 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
depression |
|
umbilical artery |
150–2 |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
antenatal |
446, 449, 451 |
uterine artery 64, 148, |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
postnatal |
42–3, 62–3, 359, |
151 |
|
early pregnancy assessment |
|
|
||||
454–5 |
|
double bubble (duodenal |
units (EPAUs) 530 |
|
|
|||||
dermatological conditions |
atresia) 126–7 |
early pregnancy deaths 412 |
|
|
||||||
children and |
doughnut pessary |
678, 679 |
early pregnancy imaging |
|
|
|||||
adolescents 492–3 |
Down’s syndrome (trisomy |
794 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
vulval dermatoses 694–7, |
21) 109 |
|
early pregnancy problems |
|
|
|||||
699 |
|
screening for 111–15, 236 |
bleeding 530–1 |
|
|
|
||||
dermoid cyst 692, 693, |
doxycycline 528, 553, |
ectopic pregnancy |
90–1, |
|
|
|||||
727 |
|
|
556, 563 |
|
412, 534–7, 794 |
|
|
|||
descent |
264–5 |
drug abuse (in pregnancy) |
hyperemesis |
|
|
|
||||
desire disorder 608 |
amphetamine |
|
gravidarum 243, 546 |
|
|
|||||
desmopressin 205 |
sulphate 442 |
miscarriage, see |
|
|
|
|||||
detrusor myomectomy 671 |
cannabis 444 |
|
miscarriage |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
806 INDEX
early pregnancy problems
(Cont’d)
pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) 531, 538–9, 540–1
termination of pregnancy, see termination of pregnancy (TOP)
eating disorders 449 Ebstein’s anomaly 450–2 echogenic bowel 128 echogenic intracardiac
foci 128 echovirus 175 ECOG (Eastern
Co-operative Oncology Group) performance status, vulval cancer 745, 757
eclampsia 70, 71, 410 ecstasy 442–3
ectopic pregnancy 90–1, 412, 534–7, 794
eczema 364, 493, 696 Edinburgh Postnatal
Depression Scale (EPDS) 454
education, see information provision/education
Edward’s syndrome 110 efornithine
hydrochloride 580–1 egg donation 602 Eisenmenger’s
syndrome 196 electrical stimulation, stress
urinary incontinence management 664
electrocardiography (ECG) fetal ECG ST waveform
analysis 280–1 myocardial infarction 197
electrolysis 578
electronic fetal monitoring, see cardiotocography (CTG)/electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)
embolectomy 396–7 emboli
amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) 398–9, 412 cerebrovascular accident (CVA) causes in
pregnancy 191 see also pulmonary
embolism; venous thromboembolism (VTE)
embolization, arterial 387, 389, 689
embryology, female genital tract 473
embryonal carcinoma 727 |
endometrial |
|
||||
embryonal |
|
|
hyperplasia 732–3, |
|||
rhabdomyosarcoma |
734–5 |
|
|
|
||
(sarcoma |
|
endometrial polyps 688–9 |
||||
botryoides) |
464, 715, |
endometriosis |
|
|||
748–9 |
|
|
in adolescents |
495, |
||
emergencies (obstetric) |
686, 692 |
|
||||
amniotic fluid embolism |
diagnosis |
584–5, 686, |
||||
(AFE) |
398–9, 412 |
692, 796 |
|
|||
cord prolapse 86, 277, |
overview |
582–3 |
||||
278, 401 |
|
treatment |
586–7 |
|||
fetal distress of second |
endometritis 354, 356 |
|||||
twin 402 |
|
endometrium |
|
|||
massive obstetric |
anatomy |
467 |
|
|||
haemorrhage, see |
imaging |
794–5 |
|
|||
massive obstetric |
menstrual cycle |
|||||
haemorrhage |
physiology |
502–4 |
||||
shoulder dystocia 238, |
thickness (ET) |
736, 795 |
||||
376–9 |
|
|
see also specific disorders/ |
|||
sudden maternal |
procedures |
|
||||
collapse 374–5 |
endotracheal tube |
|||||
uterine inversion 322–3, |
(ETT), neonatal |
|||||
400 |
|
|
resuscitation |
346, 347 |
||
venous thromboembolism, |
engagement, fetal head 8–9, |
|||||
see venous |
264 |
|
|
|
||
thromboembolism |
enterocele |
674, 675 |
||||
(VTE) |
|
|
enteroviruses 175 |
|||
emtricitabine 177, 178 |
Entonox®, see nitrous oxide |
|||||
endocarditis |
|
(Entonox®) |
|
|||
prophylaxis |
195 |
eosinophils, in pregnancy |
||||
endocrine system |
26 |
|
|
|
||
placenta as endocrine |
epidural anaesthesia/ |
|||||
organ |
22 |
|
analgesia |
|
||
pregnancy |
|
|
advantages/disadvantages |
|||
physiology 24–5 |
of analgesia |
332–3 |
||||
see also specific disorders |
caesarean section |
|||||
endocrinopathies |
anaesthesia |
335–6 |
||||
amenorrhoea |
|
combined spinal epidural |
||||
causation |
507 |
(CSE) |
336 |
|
||
female subfertility |
contraindications to 333, |
|||||
examination 594 |
397 |
|
|
|
||
recurrent miscarriage 543 |
haematoma 397 |
|||||
see also specific disorders |
in haemophilia |
204–5 |
||||
endodermal sinus |
overview of epidural |
|||||
tumours |
727 |
analgesia 330–1 |
||||
endofascial |
|
|
passive descent 268 |
|||
condensation 672 |
patient-controlled |
|||||
endometrial ablation 518, |
analgesia as |
|
||||
788 |
|
|
alternative |
332–3 |
||
endometrial cancer |
siting technique 333 |
|||||
aetiology |
648, 734 |
epilepsy, in |
|
|
||
endometrial stromal |
pregnancy 186–9 |
|||||
sarcoma 740 |
episiotomy |
268, 300–3, |
||||
histology |
734–5 |
329, 358 |
|
|
||
hormone replacement |
shoulder dystocia |
|||||
therapy (HRT) |
management 378 |
|||||
and 648 |
|
epithelial tumours 495, |
||||
investigation |
736–7, 795 |
692, 729 |
|
|
||
presentation |
736 |
Epstein–Barr virus |
||||
screening |
702–3 |
(EBV) |
175 |
|
||
treatment |
738–9, 761, |
erectile dysfunction 612 |
||||
764 |
|
|
ergometrine 386–7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX |
807 |
|
erythrocyte sedimentation |
fetal blood sampling |
high-risk fetus |
|
|
|
|||||||
rate (ESR) |
26 |
|
(FBS) 132, 280–1, 289 |
monitoring |
150–3 |
|
|
|||||
erythromycin |
556 |
|
fetal fibronectin (FFN) 101 |
in labour |
|
|
|
|
||||
Essure 634 |
|
|
fetal growth assessment, |
cardiotocography, see |
|
|
||||||
ethambutol 213 |
|
ultrasound 40–1, 148 |
cardiotocography |
|
|
|||||||
ethnicity, perinatal mortality |
fetal head |
|
|
|
(CTG)/electronic |
|
|
|||||
risk factor |
406 |
anatomy |
14–17 |
|
fetal monitoring |
|
|
|||||
evacuation of retained |
moulding |
15 |
|
(EFM) |
|
|
|
|||||
products of conception |
presenting parts |
16–17 |
overview 280–1 |
|
|
|||||||
(ERCP) 532–3, 788, 789 |
fetal heart (FH) monitoring |
overview |
146–7 |
|
|
|||||||
examination under |
auscultation |
6–7, 148, |
prolonged pregnancy 106 |
|
|
|||||||
anaesthetic (EUA), |
267, 280 |
|
|
fetal mortality |
|
|
|
|||||
cervical cancer |
|
cardiotocography, see |
acute fatty liver |
|
|
|||||||
diagnosis |
716 |
|
cardiotocography |
of pregnancy |
|
|
||||||
exercise |
|
|
(CTG)/electronic fetal |
(AFLP) 218–19 |
|
|
||||||
premenstrual syndrome |
monitoring (EFM) |
phaeochromocytoma |
|
|
||||||||
management |
523 |
fetal hydrops |
|
|
248 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
preparation for |
|
definition |
132 |
|
see alsointrauterine death/ |
|
|
|||||
pregnancy 30 |
immune (Rhesus |
|
stillbirth |
|
|
|
||||||
exomphalos |
126 |
|
iso-immunization) 132, |
fetal movements |
36, 148 |
|
|
|||||
expected date of delivery |
135–7, 360 |
|
fetal position 9 |
|
|
|
||||||
(EDD) 2–3, 38 |
non-immune 132–4 |
fetal postmaturity |
|
|
||||||||
external cephalic version |
fetal lie 6–7 |
|
|
syndrome 105 |
|
|
||||||
(ECV) 84–5, 315 |
abnormal lie 84, 88–9, |
fetoplacental circulation 20, |
|
|
||||||||
external rotation |
264–5 |
315 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fetal medicine |
|
fetotoxicity |
261; see also |
|
|
||||
F |
|
|
cardiac defects 120–1 |
teratogenesis |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
chromosomal |
|
fibroids 688, 689 |
|
|
||||||
face presentation |
318–19 |
abnormalities |
dysfunctional uterine |
|
|
|||||||
fallopian (uterine) tubes |
screening 111–15 |
bleeding (DUB) 514 |
|
|
||||||||
anatomy 464, 465, 467 |
diagnostic tests |
130–1 |
imaging |
688, 794–5 |
|
|
||||||
benign neoplasms 689 |
fetal hydrops 132–7 |
in pregnancy 91, 420–1 |
|
|
||||||||
BRCA mutation |
|
fetal surveillance |
|
recurrent miscarriage |
|
|
||||||
management 721 |
overview 146–7 |
542 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
tubal carcinoma |
728 |
gastrointestinal |
|
fibroma 728 |
|
|
|
|||||
Fallot’s tetralogy 198 |
defects 126–7 |
fibromyalgia 567 |
|
|
||||||||
family history |
3, 4, 42–3, |
high-risk fetus |
|
fibronectin, fetal (FFN) |
|
|
||||||
460, 640 |
|
|
identification/ |
101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
fatigue 36 |
|
|
monitoring 148–53 |
FIGO staging |
|
|
|
|||||
female genital mutilation |
intrauterine growth |
cervical cancer |
717 |
|
|
|||||||
(FGM) 301, 470–1 |
restriction |
|
endometrial cancer 739 |
|
|
|||||||
femur length, fetal |
40–1 |
(IUGR) |
142–5 |
ovarian cancer |
723 |
|
|
|||||
Ferriman–Gallwey Score 577 |
lung defects |
124–5 |
vaginal cancer |
749 |
|
|
||||||
fertility |
|
|
neural tube |
|
|
vulval cancer 747 |
|
|
||||
body weight effects 33 |
defects 118–19 |
Filshie clips |
632–3, 634 |
|
|
|||||||
cervical cancer |
|
oligohydramnios |
138–9 |
finasteride |
|
580–1 |
|
|
||||
fertility-sparing |
polyhydramnios |
140 |
fistulae 768, 776, 777 |
|
|
|||||||
surgery |
718–19 |
prenatal diagnosis |
fluconazole |
560 |
|
|
|
|||||
chemotherapy effects 759 |
overview 108 |
fluoxetine |
451 |
|
|
|
||||||
childhood cancer |
soft markers/ |
|
flutamide |
580–1 |
|
|
|
|||||
implications |
494, |
normal variant |
flying, in pregnancy 184 |
|
|
|||||||
498–9 |
|
|
screening 128–9 |
folate deficiency |
|
|
|
|||||
congenital adrenal |
structural abnormalities |
anaemia |
199 |
|
|
|
||||||
hyperplasia (CAH) |
diagnosis 116 |
folic acid |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
and 480–1 |
|
types of |
|
|
|
epilepsy in pregnancy 186, |
|
|
||||
premature menopause |
aneuploidy 109–10 |
188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
management |
642 |
urinary tract |
|
folate deficiency |
|
|
||||||
see also subfertility and |
defects 122–3 |
anaemia 199 |
|
|
||||||||
reproductive medicine |
see also specific disorders |
supplementation in normal |
|
|
||||||||
fesoterodine |
671 |
|
fetal monitoring/surveillance |
pregnancy 32, 118 |
|
|
||||||
fetal alcohol |
|
|
high-risk fetus |
|
thalassaemia management |
|
|
|||||
syndrome |
436–7 |
identification |
148 |
in pregnancy 203 |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
808 INDEX
|
follicle-stimulating hormone |
gastroschisis |
126 |
pelvic inflammatory |
|
||||||
|
(FSH) |
|
|
|
Gellhorn pessary 679 |
disease |
563 |
|
|
||
|
amenorrhoea |
|
|
|
gemeprost 527, 532 |
renal tract infection |
221 |
||||
|
investigation |
507 |
|
general anaesthesia (GA), |
germ cell tumours |
692–3, |
|||||
|
GnRH analogues’ |
|
caesarean section 337 |
729 |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
effect 590 |
|
|
|
general practitioners (GPs), |
German measles, see rubella |
|||||
|
hypopituitarism |
256–7 |
home birth role 325, |
gestational diabetes |
|
||||||
|
menopause |
|
|
|
326 |
|
(GDM) 47, 240–1, 258, |
||||
|
investigations |
640 |
|
genetic counselling |
259, 571 |
|
|
|
|
||
|
menstrual cycle |
503 |
|
congenital adrenal |
gestational trophoblastic |
||||||
|
follicular phase, menstrual |
hyperplasia 250–1 |
disease (GTD) |
750–1, |
|||||||
|
cycle 502, 503 |
|
|
malignancy |
721 |
761 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
fontanelles 14, 15 |
|
|
after trisomy 21 |
choriocarcinoma |
754–5 |
|||||
|
foot drop, intrapartum |
359 |
diagnosis 109 |
hydatidiform mole |
|
||||||
|
forceps delivery |
292–4, |
genetic diagnosis, |
750–3 |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
295–8 |
|
|
|
pre-implantation 602 |
giardiasis, breast-feeding |
|||||
|
foreign body, genital |
|
genetic factors, ovarian |
benefit 364 |
|
|
|||||
|
tract 551 |
|
|
|
cancer 702, 720–1 |
glassy cell carcinoma 715 |
|||||
|
Fothergill repair |
682 |
|
genetic mutation |
glucose, neonatal |
|
|
||||
|
fractures, bone |
638 |
|
BRCA gene, mutations |
resuscitation 346 |
|
|||||
|
frequency, urinary |
36, 655 |
of 702, 720–1 |
glue sniffing |
445 |
|
|
||||
|
frequency/volume |
|
|
intracytoplasmic |
glycaemic control, diabetes |
||||||
|
chart 656, 657, 663, 668 |
sperm injection |
in pregnancy 238–9 |
||||||||
|
fresh frozen plasma |
|
transmission 600–1 |
glycogen synthesis/ |
|
||||||
|
(FFP) 383, 384 |
|
|
genital tract |
|
deposition |
28 |
|
|
||
|
frontal suture 14 |
|
|
changes in pregnancy 28 |
gold therapy |
232 |
|
|
|||
|
full blood count (FBC), |
|
changes in |
|
gonadectomy |
477–8, 483 |
|||||
|
antenatal care |
46 |
|
puerperium 350 |
gonadotrophin |
24 |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
puerperal pyrexia |
gonadotrophin-releasing |
|||||
|
G |
|
|
|
causation 354 |
hormone (GnRH) 503–4, |
|||||
|
|
|
|
sepsis and maternal |
588 |
|
|
|
|
||
|
gallbladder disease |
|
mortality 410 |
deficiency |
588 |
|
|
||||
|
hormone replacement |
see also specific disorders/ |
GnRH test |
522–3 |
|
||||||
|
therapy and 648–9 |
procedures |
in menstrual cycle 503–4 |
||||||||
|
see also specific disorders |
genital tract infections |
as a treatment 588 |
|
|||||||
|
gallstones 96–7 |
|
|
|
bacterial vaginosis, see |
gonadotrophin-releasing |
|||||
|
Gartner’s cysts |
686 |
|
bacterial vaginosis (BV) |
hormone (GnRH) |
|
|||||
|
Gaskin manouevre 378 |
|
candidiasis 551, 553–4 |
analogues 590, 591 |
|||||||
|
gastrointestinal/alimentary |
pelvic inflammatory |
dysfunctional |
|
|
|
|||||
|
system |
|
|
|
disease |
490, 561–3 |
uterine bleeding |
|
|||
|
advanced gynaecological |
sexually transmitted |
(DUB) |
516–17 |
|
||||||
|
cancer symptoms |
768 |
infections, see sexually |
dysmenorrhoea |
510–11 |
||||||
|
breast-feeding |
|
|
|
transmitted |
endometriosis 587 |
|
||||
|
benefits 364 |
|
|
infections (STIs); |
fibroids 689 |
|
|
|
|||
|
chemotherapy side |
|
specific infections |
hirsutism 580–1 |
|
|
|||||
|
effects 758 |
|
|
vaginal discharge, see |
pelvic pain |
568 |
|
|
|||
|
pelvic pain causation |
565, |
vaginal discharge |
gonadotrophin-releasing |
|||||||
567 |
|
|
|
genital tract |
|
hormone (GnRH) |
|
||||
|
pregnancy physiology |
29 |
malformations 472–4, |
antagonists |
590–1 |
|
|||||
|
radiotherapy side |
|
507 |
|
gonorrhoea |
551, 555 |
|
||||
|
effects 763 |
|
|
genital tract trauma, |
graft rejection |
225 |
|
||||
|
symptoms of |
|
|
|
post-partum |
grand multipara, induction |
|||||
|
pregnancy |
50 |
|
haemorrhage |
of labour |
278 |
|
|
|||
|
see also specific disorders/ |
causation |
322 |
granisetron |
546–7 |
|
|
||||
|
structures |
|
|
|
genitalia |
|
granulocyte |
|
|
|
|
|
gastrointestinal defects, |
|
ambiguous |
476–8 |
colony-stimulating factor |
||||||
|
fetal 126–7, 140 |
|
anatomy of |
|
(GCSF) 758 |
|
|
||||
|
gastrointestinal obstruction |
external 468–9 |
granulosa cell tumour |
728 |
|||||||
|
in advanced cancer 768 |
genitoplasty |
478 |
Graves’ disease 242–3 |
|
||||||
|
fetal 126–7 |
|
|
|
gentamicin |
|
gravidity, terminology |
3 |
|||
|
gastro-oesophageal |
|
endocarditis |
group A streptococcus |
|||||||
|
reflux 29, 50, 92–3 |
|
prophylaxis 195 |
(GAS) 174 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX |
809 |
||
group B streptococcus |
heart/cardiac disease |
perinatal concerns |
180–1 |
|
|
(GBS) 172, 314 |
congenital, see congenital |
postnatal concerns |
182 |
|
|
growth and puberty |
heart disease (CHD)/ |
pregnancy and 176–7 |
|
|
|
disorders 484–7 |
cardiac defects |
sexual assault and |
619 |
|
|
growth hormone 256–7 |
management in |
HIV-1 integrase strand |
|
|
|
gynaecoid pelvic shape 11 |
pregnancy 192–7, |
transfer inhibitor |
177; |
|
|
gynaecological |
234–5 |
see also specific drugs |
|
|
|
anatomy 10–13, 464–9 |
maternal mortality 414–15 |
Hodge pessary 678, 679 |
|
|
|
gynaecological disorders |
see also cardiovascular |
home birth 324–6 |
|
|
|
pelvic pain causation 565, |
disease (CVD) |
hormone replacement |
|
|
|
566 |
heart rate/heartbeat |
therapy (HRT) |
|
|
|
see also specific disorders |
auscultation of maternal 7 |
add-back 522, 590 |
|
|
|
gynaecological |
blood loss effects 383 |
alternatives to 651 |
|
|
|
examination 462–3 |
fetal, see fetal heart (FH) |
benefits 646 |
|
|
|
gynaecological |
monitoring |
hydatidiform mole |
752–3 |
|
|
history 458–61 |
neonatal |
overview 644–5 |
|
|
|
|
assessment 342–3 |
risks 648–9 |
|
|
|
H |
heart valves, artificial 194–5 |
uncertainties 650 |
|
|
|
heartburn |
hormones |
|
|
|
|
haematology, chemotherapy |
(gastro-oesophageal |
changes in |
|
|
|
effects 758 |
reflux) 29, 50, 92–3 |
puerperium 350 |
|
|
|
haematoma, anticoagulation |
heparin |
see also specific hormones |
|
|
|
therapy and risk 397 |
low molecular weight, see |
human chorionic |
|
|
|
haematuria 655 |
low molecular weight |
gonadotrophin |
|
|
|
haemodynamics |
heparin (LMWH) |
(hCG) 22, 502, 540–1 |
|
|
|
changes in normal |
unfractionated 396 |
early pregnancy problem |
|
|
|
pregnancy 193 |
hepatitis A 183–4 |
assessment 530 |
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy |
hepatitis B (HBV) |
ectopic pregnancy |
534–5, |
|
|
management 537 |
breast-feeding 370 |
536–7 |
|
|
|
placental circulation |
infection in |
molar pregnancy 540–1, |
|
|
|
20–1 |
pregnancy 170–1 |
752–3 |
|
|
|
pregnancy physiology 26 |
screening 46 |
ovarian cancer 727 |
|
|
|
haemoglobin |
vaccination 46, 170–1, |
post-miscarriage |
|
|
|
electrophoresis 47 |
183–4, 360 |
levels 533 |
|
|
|
haemoglobinopathies 47; |
hepatitis C 182 |
pregnancy of unknown |
|
|
|
see also specific |
hereditary non-polyposis |
location (PUL) |
538–9, |
|
|
disorders |
colorectal cancer |
540–1 |
|
|
|
haemolysis, elevated |
(HNPCC) 720, 734 |
pregnancy testing 37 |
|
|
|
liver enzymes, and |
hernia |
in puerperium 350 |
|
|
|
low platelets (HELLP) |
diaphragmatic 124 |
Human Fertilization and |
|
|
|
syndrome 70–1, 218 |
pelvic pain causation 567 |
Embryology Authority |
|
|
|
haemophilia 204–5 |
herpes simplex virus |
(HFEA) Act 1990 |
783 |
|
|
haemorrhage, see |
(HSV) 166, 370, 554 |
human immunodeficiency |
|
|
|
antepartum |
highly active |
virus, see HIV (human |
|
|
|
haemorrhage (APH); |
antiretroviral therapy |
immunodeficiency virus) |
|
|
|
bleeding; massive |
(HAART) 176–7, |
human lymphotropic virus |
|
|
|
obstetric haemorrhage; |
178–82 |
(HTLV-1) 370 |
|
|
|
postpartum |
hirsutism 574–81 |
human normal |
|
|
|
haemorrhage (PPH) |
histology |
immunoglobulin |
|
|
|
haemorrhoids 52 |
benign ovarian |
(HNIG) 158–9, 183–4 |
|
|
|
Haig Ferguson forceps 294 |
tumours 692 |
human papillomavirus |
|
|
|
hallucinogens 445 |
cervical cancer 706–7, |
(HPV) 558, 686 |
|
|
|
haloperidol 451 |
715, 716 |
vaccination 558, 710–11, |
|
|
|
health check, general |
endometrial cancer 734–5 |
742 |
|
|
|
34–5 |
endometrial |
human placental lactogen |
|
|
|
head circumference (HC), |
hyperplasia 732–3 |
(hPL) 24–5, 350 |
|
|
|
fetal 40, 148 |
HIV (human |
hydatidiform mole 750–3 |
|
|
|
head position, neonatal |
immunodeficiency virus) |
hydralazine 63, 68 |
|
|
|
resuscitation 344, 345 |
antenatal care 178–9 |
hydronephrosis 122 |
|
|
|
headaches, |
antenatal screening 46, |
hydrosalpinx 689 |
|
|
|
pregnancy-related 54, |
176 |
21-hydroxylase |
|
|
|
411 |
breast-feeding 370 |
deficiency 250–1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
810 INDEX
hymen, imperforate 472–3, 474
hyperaldosteronism 252 hyperandrogenism 570, 572 hyperbilirubinaemia 136–7 hyperemesis
gravidarum 243, 546 hyperglycaemia
fetal 234 maternal 234, 238
hyperkalaemia 227 hyperprolactinaemia 254–5 hypertension
Conn’s syndrome 252 chronic 60, 62, 65 hypertensive crisis 248 obesity and 258 postnatal
management 62–3 postpartum 62 pre-eclampsia, see
pre-eclampsia pregnancy-induced 27, 62 pulmonary 196
renal disease outcome prediction 223 secondary causes 65 treatment principles in
pregnancy 63 hyperthyroidism
post-partum thyroiditis 246
thyrotoxicosis 242–3 hypertrichosis 574 hypoglycaemia
antenatal care 236 fetal 238
neonatal 234, 346 hypogonadotrophic
hypogonadism 498, 598–9
hypokalaemia 252 hyponatraemia 277, 546 hypopituitarism 256–7 hypotension
amniotic fluid embolism 399
in pregnancy 27
risk reduction in caesarean section 306
spinal anaesthesia complication 334
hypothalamic hypogonadism 588
hypothalamus amenorrhoea
causation 507 hypothalamic–pituitary–
ovarian (HPO) axis 502–4
late effects of cancer therapy 498
see also specific disorders hypothermia
neonatal 342 therapeutic 347
hypothyroidism 244–6 hypoxia, fetal 280–1 hysterectomy
BRCA gene mutation 721 cervical cancer 718–19 cervical glandular
intraepithelial neoplasia (cGIN) 710
dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) 518–19
endometrial cancer 738 endometrial
hyperplasia 733 endometriosis 586 fibroids 689 massive obstetric
haemorrhage 387, 388
prolapse aetiology 672 ureter injury 466
hysterocontrastsalpingography (HyCoSy) 595, 796
hysteropexy 682, 683 hysterosalpingogram
(HSG) 595, 796, 798 hysteroscopy 514, 634
I
ICD-10
maternal mortality terms 407
psychiatric disorders 448–9
substance abuse terms 430
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), autoimmune 206–7
iliac artery ligation 387–8 imaging 659, 722–3, 736,
794–8
see also specific imaging modalities
imipramine 451 imiquimod cream 558, 742 immunization, see
vaccination/immunization immunological male
subfertility 599 immunosuppressive
therapy 224–5 impaired glucose tolerance
(IGT), gestational 240–1
implantation, of blastocyst 18
in vitrofertilization (IVF) 600–1
dating of pregnancy 38 in HIV infection 176–7 multiple pregnancy 72 surrogacy 603
incident reporting 790 inclusion cysts 686 induction (of labour) (IOL)
cervical ripening 274–5 counselling 106 indications 106, 272 methods 276–7 prelabour rupture
of membranes management 314
special
circumstances 278–9 uterine rupture risk 307
infection complications of
pelvic 354
genital tract, seegenital tract infections
placenta as barrier to 22 pregnancy and infectious
diseases, see infectious diseases (in pregnancy)
prelabour rupture of membranes at term 314
prevention in termination of pregnancy 528
puerperal pyrexia 352, 353–7
recurrent miscarriage 543, 544–5
respiratory 182, 212–13 urinary tract (UTI) 91,
355, 358 wound 354, 355
see alsosepsis; specific types of infection
infectious diseases (in pregnancy)
cytomegalovirus (CMV) 162–3
enteroviruses 175 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) 175
group A streptococcus (GAS) 174
group B streptococcus (GBS) 172
hepatitis B 46, 170–1, 183–4
herpes simplex 166 human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) 176–82
Listeria monocytogenes 175
malaria 167, 183 measles 158–9, 163 parvovirus B19 160–1 rubella 46, 156–7, 163 syphilis 46, 175 toxoplasmosis 168–9 travel advice 183 vaccination for 183–4 varicella 164–5
inferior vena cava compression 27, 60
inferior vena caval filter 396–7
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 214–15
information provision/ education
booking visit 42–3 gynaecological cancer
sources 713
sexual dysfunction 610 see also counselling
inguinal ligament 10–11 inherent growth potential,
identification of 142 inhibin 728
injuries (practice-related) bladder and urethral
injury 776–7 overview 772 ureteric injury 774–5
insulin
diabetes management in labour/ post-partum 238–9
gestational diabetes management 240–1
human placental lactogen (hPL) effect 24–5
hyperkalaemia treatment 227
insulin sensitizers 572, 596–7 insulin stress test 256–7 integrated test 114, 115 intelligence, breast-feeding
and 364 intermenstrual bleeding
(IMB) 458, 459, 504 internal rotation 186–7 interstitial cystitis (IC) 567,
658 intervillous space,
haemodynamics 20, 21 intestinal obstruction 94–5 intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI) 600–1 intrapartum death
home birth risk 324 vaginal birth after CS 307
intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD)/ intrauterine system (IUS)
copper-bearing IUCD 628–9, 630
levonorgestrelreleasing 516–17, 587, 629
intrauterine death/stillbirth definitions/
classification 404, 405 induction of labour 278–9 obesity and 260
obstetric
cholestasis 216–17 rates 405, 406
risk in multiple pregnancy 77
of a twin 79
see also fetal mortality; intrauterine growth
restriction (IUGR) causes 144
fetal postmaturity syndrome symptoms 105
oligohydramnios complication 138
overview 142–3 selective 78 symmetric and
asymmetric 145 intrauterine
insemination 602 intravaginal devices
(pessaries) 678, 679 iodine 25, 32
radioactive 242–3 iron-deficiency anaemia 199 iron overload 200–1, 202–3 iron supplementation 32,
199, 203, 412 irritable bowel syndrome
(IBS) 567
irritant dermatitis 493 isoniazid 212–13
itching, see pruritus/itching
J
jaundice 136–7, 219 Jehovah’s Witnesses 783 Joel–Cohen incision 309
K
Kallman’s syndrome 588 Keilland’s forceps 294, 295 ketoacidosis 234–5 ketoconazole 580–1 ‘keyhole’ bladder 123 Kiwi Omni cup 294–5 Kleihauer test 58–9, 137 Klinefelter’s syndrome
(47 XXY) 110
INDEX 811
L
labetalol 63, 68, 71 labia majora 467, 468–9 labia minora 467, 468–9 labial adhesions 492 labour and delivery
abdominal pain 92 abnormal lie 315 anaesthesia, see obstetric
anaesthesia
breech presentation 26, 81, 84, 86–7
caesarean section, see caesarean section (CS)
diabetic patients 238–9 episiotomy, see
episiotomy
fetal monitoring, see fetal monitoring, in labour
first stage 266–7 HIV infection 180 home birth 324–6
induction of labour, see induction (of labour) intrapartum death 307,
324
malpresentations 316–19 meconium-stained
liquor 290
multiple pregnancy 80–1 neonatal resuscitation,
see neonatal resuscitation
obstetric
cholestasis 216–17 operational vaginal
delivery, see operational vaginal delivery
overview 264–5 perineal trauma, see
perineal trauma post-partum haemorrhage,
see post-partum haemorrhage (PPH)
preparation for 48 preterm, see preterm
labour and delivery prolapse aetiology 672 retained placenta and
placenta accreta 320–1 second stage 268–9 subarachnoid
haemorrhage (SAH) and 190–1
third stage 270–1 twins 80–1 vaginal birth after
caesarean section (VBAC) 307, 309
812 INDEX
|
lactational |
|
|
|
|
|
leukotriene receptor |
treatment of venous |
||||
|
amenorrhoea 360, 364 |
antagonists 209 |
thromboembolism |
|||||||||
|
lambda (posterior |
|
|
levator ani muscles |
672, |
396–7 |
|
|
||||
|
fontanelle) |
14, 15 |
|
673 |
|
|
lumbar lordosis 7 |
|
||||
|
lambdoid suture |
14 |
|
levonorgestrel |
|
lung auscultation, |
|
|
||||
|
lamivudine |
177, 178, 181 |
emergency |
|
maternal 7 |
|
|
|||||
|
lamotrigine |
188, 450 |
|
contraception |
630 |
lung defects, fetal |
124–5 |
|||||
|
laparoscopy |
|
|
|
|
levonorgestrel-releasing |
lung hypoplasia 124 |
|
||||
|
cervical cancer |
718–19 |
IUD |
516–17, 587, 629 |
luteal phase, menstrual |
|||||||
|
consent 786–7 |
|
|
lichen planus 696 |
|
cycle 502, 503 |
|
|||||
|
cystectomy |
693 |
|
|
lichen sclerosus 492–3, |
luteinizing hormone (LH) |
||||||
|
and dye test |
595 |
|
|
694–5 |
|
|
amenorrhoea |
|
|
||
|
ectopic pregnancy |
534–5, |
lidocaine |
329 |
|
investigation |
507 |
|||||
|
536–7 |
|
|
|
|
|
lie (fetal) |
6–7 |
|
GnRH analogues’ |
|
|
|
endometriosis |
584–5, 586 |
abnormal 84, 88–9, 315 |
effect 590 |
|
|
||||||
|
female sterilization 632–3, |
life expectancy, |
|
hypopituitarism |
256–7 |
|||||||
634 |
|
|
|
|
|
women 636, 643 |
menstrual cycle |
502, 503 |
||||
|
laparoscopic |
|
|
|
|
lifestyle |
|
|
polycystic ovary syndrome |
|||
|
colposuspension |
|
advice in pregnancy 32–3, |
(PCOS) 570 |
|
|||||||
|
666–7 |
|
|
|
|
|
42–3 |
|
|
lymphadenectomy 718–19, |
||
|
ovarian diathermy |
596–7 |
female subfertility |
738, 746 |
|
|
||||||
|
laparotomy |
|
|
|
|
management |
596 |
lymphatic drainage, pelvic |
||||
|
ectopic pregnancy |
536–7 |
polycystic ovarian |
organs 467 |
|
|
||||||
|
massive obstetric |
|
|
syndrome (PCOS) 572 |
lymphocytes, in |
|
|
|||||
|
haemorrhage 387–8 |
postnatal issues 360 |
pregnancy 26 |
|
|
|||||||
|
ovarian cancer |
724–3 |
|
preparation for |
|
lymphoma, of cervix |
715 |
|||||
|
uterine inversion |
400 |
|
pregnancy 30 |
|
Lynch syndrome (hereditary |
||||||
|
large loop excision of the |
recurrent miscarriage |
non-polyposis colorectal |
|||||||||
|
transformation zone |
management |
545 |
cancer (HNPCC)) 720, |
||||||||
|
(LLETZ) 424, 704–5, |
sexual dysfunction |
734 |
|
|
|||||||
|
708–9, 710, 716 |
|
|
treatment 610 |
lysergic acid diethylamide |
|||||||
|
laser, hirsutism |
|
|
|
stress urinary |
|
(LSD) 445 |
|
|
|||
|
treatment |
578 |
|
|
incontinence |
664 |
|
|
|
|||
|
lassitude 36 |
|
|
|
|
ligaments, pelvic 10–11 |
M |
|
|
|||
|
last menstrual period (LMP) |
linea nigra |
6 |
|
|
|
||||||
|
expected date of delivery |
listeriosis/Listeria |
|
macrosomia 260, 272 |
||||||||
|
(EDD) calculation |
2–3, |
monocytogenes |
33, 175 |
magnesium sulphate |
71, |
||||||
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
lithium 450–2 |
|
208–9, 233 |
|
|
||
|
gynaecological history |
458 |
liver enzymes, HELLP |
magnetic resonance imaging |
||||||||
|
laxatives, postnatal |
358 |
syndrome 70–1 |
(MRI) |
|
|
||||||
|
legislation |
|
|
|
|
|
local anaesthesia |
|
cervical cancer |
716 |
|
|
|
complaints 772, 778–9 |
episiotomy 300, 329 |
congenital uterine |
|
||||||||
|
Human Fertilization and |
postnatal pain |
|
abnormalities 798 |
||||||||
|
Embryology Authority |
management |
358 |
endometrial cancer |
736 |
|||||||
|
(HFEA) Act 1990 |
783 |
pudendal nerve block 329 |
fibroids 794–5 |
|
|
||||||
|
overview of medico-legal |
lochia 350 |
|
lower urinary tract |
659 |
|||||||
|
aspects 780–1 |
|
|
long-acting thyroid |
|
ovarian masses and |
|
|||||
|
medical/clinical |
|
|
stimulator (LATS) 25 |
gynaecological |
|
||||||
|
negligence |
779, 780–1, |
longitudinal lie 88, 89 |
malignancy 797 |
|
|||||||
792, 793 |
|
|
|
|
Lovset’s manouevre 87 |
malaria 167, 183 |
|
|
||||
|
Mental Capacity Act |
|
low birth weight, perinatal |
malignancy |
|
|
||||||
2005 |
782 |
|
|
|
mortality risk factor |
cervical, see cervical cancer |
||||||
|
practice-related |
|
|
406 |
|
|
chemotherapy, see |
|
||||
|
injuries 772 |
|
|
low molecular weight |
chemotherapy |
|
||||||
|
sexual assault |
614 |
|
heparin (LMWH) |
endometrial, see |
|
||||||
|
termination of |
|
|
|
anti-phospholipid antibody |
endometrial cancer |
||||||
|
pregnancy |
526 |
|
syndrome 230–1 |
fertility implications of |
|||||||
|
leiomyomata, see fibroids |
artificial heart valves in |
childhood 494, 498–9 |
|||||||||
|
leiomyomatosis, IV |
688 |
pregnancy 194–5 |
gynaecological cancers in |
||||||||
|
leiomyosarcoma |
740 |
|
prevention of venous |
childhood 496 |
|
||||||
|
leukaemias, breast-feeding |
thromboembolism |
imaging of |
|
|
|||||||
|
benefit |
364 |
|
|
|
184, 392–3 |
|
gynaecological 797 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX 813
metastatic disease |
764 |
amniotic fluid |
|
mefenamic acid |
516–17 |
|
|||||||
multidisciplinary |
|
|
embolism 398, 412 |
Meig’s syndrome 728 |
|
||||||||
approach to |
|
|
|
Confidential Enquiry |
melanoma, vulval/ |
|
|
||||||
gynaecological |
712–13 |
into Maternal Deaths |
vaginal |
747 |
|
|
|
||||||
ovarian, see ovarian cancer |
(CEMD) 404–5, 408–9 |
membranes, artificial |
|
||||||||||
pain/pain |
|
|
|
|
|
definitions 407 |
|
separation 274 |
|
|
|||
management |
766–7 |
direct/indirect causes |
meningocele |
118 |
|
|
|||||||
palliative care |
|
|
|
|
of death (Centre |
meningococcus |
183–4 |
|
|||||
principles |
769 |
|
for Maternal and |
menopause |
|
|
|
|
|||||
in pregnancy, see |
|
|
Child Enquiries |
consequences |
581, 606–7, |
|
|||||||
malignancy (in |
|
(CMACE)) 410–17 |
637–9, 672 |
|
|
|
|||||||
pregnancy) |
|
|
|
general anaesthesia 337 |
history taking and |
|
|
||||||
radiotherapy, see |
|
heart disease and 193, |
investigations |
640–1 |
|
||||||||
radiotherapy |
|
|
196, 197, 198 |
|
hormone replacement |
|
|||||||
risk of malignancy index |
home birth 326 |
|
therapy, see hormone |
|
|||||||||
(RM() 690–1, 693, 722 |
phaeochromocytoma |
replacement therapy |
|
||||||||||
screening, see screening |
248 |
|
(HRT) |
|
|
|
|
||||||
subtle symptoms of |
psychiatric disorders 359, |
overview |
636 |
|
|
|
|||||||
gynaecological |
461 |
446, 456 |
|
premature |
642–3 |
|
|||||||
symptoms of advanced |
sepsis 353, 410, 411 |
menorrhagia |
494, 512, 513 |
|
|||||||||
gynaecological |
768 |
substance abuse |
432–3 |
menstrual cycle, physiology |
|
||||||||
vaginal discharge |
|
|
suicide 359, 416, 446, |
of 502–4 |
|
|
|
||||||
characteristics |
551 |
448, 456 |
|
menstrual disorders |
|
||||||||
vaginal cancer |
748–9 |
uterine inversion |
400 |
in adolescence |
494–5 |
|
|||||||
vulval cancer |
744–7, |
venous thromboembolism |
amenorrhoea, see |
|
|||||||||
761, 764 |
|
|
|
|
(VTE) 352, 390–1, |
amenorrhoea |
|
|
|||||
malignancy (in pregnancy) |
410–11 |
|
dysmenorrhoea 510–11 |
|
|||||||||
androgen insensitivity |
maternal obstetric |
|
imaging 794–5 |
|
|
|
|||||||
syndrome and |
|
paralysis 359 |
|
oligomenorrhoea |
494, |
|
|||||||
testicular |
483 |
|
maternal resuscitation |
506–8 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
breast cancer |
427 |
|
massive obstetric |
see also specific disorders |
|
||||||||
cervical cancer |
424–5 |
haemorrhage |
384 |
menstrual history |
|
|
|||||||
ovarian cancer |
426 |
sudden collapse |
374 |
in gynaecological |
|
|
|||||||
overview 423 |
|
|
|
McRoberts’ |
|
history |
458 |
|
|
||||
thyroid nodules |
|
246–7 |
manouevre 376–7, 378 |
pregnancy dating |
2–3, 38 |
|
|||||||
malnutrition |
33 |
|
|
|
measles 158–9, 163 |
Mental Capacity Act |
|
||||||
malposition |
17 |
|
|
|
|
German, see rubella |
2005 782 |
|
|
|
|||
malpresentations |
|
|
|
mumps, measles rubella |
mental health problems |
|
|||||||
in labour 316–19 |
|
(MMR) vaccine 156–7, |
postnatal |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
see also specific |
|
|
|
158–9 |
|
identification |
359 |
|
|||||
malpresentations |
meconium aspiration |
see also specific disorders |
|
||||||||||
Manchester repair |
682 |
syndrome 290 |
|
mentovertical |
|
|
|
||||||
Marfan’s syndrome |
198 |
meconium-stained |
|
diameter |
16–17 |
|
|||||||
massive obstetric |
|
|
|
liquor 290, 347 |
meptazinol |
328–9 |
|
|
|||||
haemorrhage |
|
|
|
medical/clinical |
|
mescaline |
445 |
|
|
|
|||
causes 380 |
|
|
|
|
negligence 779, 780–1, |
mesonephric cysts |
686 |
|
|||||
CMACE statistics/ |
|
792, 793 |
|
mesonephric ducts |
472, |
|
|||||||
recommendations |
medical disorders |
|
473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
412 |
|
|
|
|
|
CMACE recommendations |
metastatic disease 764 |
|
|||||
medical |
|
|
|
|
|
on pregnancy and |
metformin |
572, 596–7 |
|
||||
management |
386–7 |
pre-existing 415 |
methadone |
434, 439 |
|
||||||||
pathophysiology |
382–3 |
normal pregnancy health |
methotrexate |
|
|
|
|||||||
resuscitation |
384 |
|
check 34 |
|
autoimmune disease 232 |
|
|||||||
surgical |
|
|
|
|
|
secondary sexual |
|
ectopic pregnancy 536, |
|
||||
management |
388–9 |
dysfunction 608–9 |
537 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
mastitis 355, 366, 367 |
see also specific disorders |
inflammatory bowel |
|
||||||||||
maternal age, risks for |
medication, see drugs |
disease (IBD) |
214–15 |
|
|||||||||
advanced |
30 |
|
|
|
(medication); specific |
methyldopa |
62–3 |
|
|
||||
maternal mortality |
|
|
drugs/drug types |
metronidazole 551, 528, |
|
||||||||
acute fatty liver |
|
|
|
medroxyprogesterone |
557, 559, 563 |
|
|
|
|||||
of pregnancy |
|
|
acetate 516–17, 578, |
micturating |
|
|
|
|
|||||
(AFLP) |
218–19 |
587 |
|
cystourethrography 659 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
814 INDEX
micturition
frequency of 36, 655 gynaecological history
enquiry 460
see also urogynaecology; specific disorders
middle cerebral artery (MCA)
Doppler 150
peak systolic velocity (PSV) 136–7, 160–1
mifepristone 527, 532 Mirena IUS® 516–17, 629 miscarriage
amniocentesis and risk of 131
classification 531, 538 diagnosis 531, 794
early pregnancy bleeding and 530–1
fibroids and risk of 420 management 531–3 maternal mortality 412 obesity and 260
pain 90 recurrent 542–5
misoprostol 278–9, 386–7, 527, 532
mitral regurgitation, in pregnancy 196
mitral stenosis, in pregnancy 196
mixed urinary incontinence 654
molar pregnancy 243, 540–1
Molluscum contagiosumvirus 493
monitoring
fetal, see fetal monitoring/ surveillance
labour overview 267 monozygotic twins 74, 75 morning sickness 36, 50 mucositis 758, 763 mucus plug 28
Mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts 472, 473, 476–8
multidisciplinary team (MDT), gynaecological cancer 712–13, 769
multiple pregnancy antenatal care 76–7 fetal distress of second
twin 402 labour 80–1 overview 72
perinatal mortality risk factor 406
problems in monochorionic, diamniotic twins 78–9
reduction of pregnancy number 100–1
types 74–5 see alsotwins
mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) vaccine 156–7, 158–9
musculoskeletal system pelvic muscle
anatomy 10–11 pelvic pain causation 567 pregnancy
symptoms 52–3 myasthenia gravis 233 mycophenolate
mofetil 224–5 myelomeningocele 118 myocardial infarction
menopause 638
in pregnancy 197, 415 myomectomy 91, 420,
421, 689 myometrial
β-adrenoreceptors 440
N
Nabothian cysts 687 Naegele’s rule 2–3 naloxone 346
nasal bone, fetal 113 natural killer (NK) cells 543,
544
nausea and vomiting advanced cancer
symptom 768 chemotherapy side
effect 758 hyperemesis
gravidarum 243, 546 morning sickness 36, 50 radiotherapy side
effect 763 necrotizing enterocolitis
(NEC) 103 negligence, medical/
clinical 779, 780–1, 792, 793
neonatal mortality, see perinatal mortality neonatal resuscitation
ABC 344–5 communication with
parents 348 drugs 346 overview 340–1
poor response to 346 practical aspects 342–3 recent advances 347 stopping 348
nephropathy 234–5 nerve entrapments 567
neural tube defects 118–19 neuroendocrine
tumours 715 neurological disorders
chemotherapy side effects 759
pelvic pain causation 567 see also specific disorders
neuromodulation 671 neuropathic pain 567, 766 neutropenic sepsis 758 Neville-Barnes forceps 294,
295
nevirapine 177, 178, 181 Nexplanon® 628 nicotine replacement
therapy 445
nifedipine 62–3, 68, 71, 99 nimodipine 190–1 nitrofurantoin 221 nitrous oxide
(Entonox®) 328 nocturia 655 nocturnal enuresis 655
non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) 177, 182; see also specific drugs
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
adolescent pelvic pain 495 autoimmune disease 232 dysfunctional uterine
bleeding 516 perineal pain 358 polyhydramnios 140
norethisterone 494, 516–17 normal pregnancy
blood tests (antenatal) 46–7
booking visit 42–3
dating of pregnancy 38–9 delivery preparation 48 diagnosis of
pregnancy 36–7 engagement of fetal
head 8–9
fetal head anatomy and presenting parts 14–17
health check (general) 34–5
obstetric history 2–4 obstetric physical
examination 6–7 pelvic anatomy 10–13 physiology of 24–9 placental circulation 20–1 placental
development 18–19 placental functions 22–3
|
|
|
INDEX |
815 |
planning antenatal (AN) |
oestrogen therapy |
in pregnancy |
426 |
|
care 44–5 |
hormone replacement |
presentation |
722 |
|
preparing for 30, 34–5 |
therapy, see hormone |
rare tumours |
727–9 |
|
supplements and lifestyle |
replacement therapy |
risk of malignancy index |
|
|||||
advice 32–3 |
(HRT) |
|
|
(RMI) |
690–1 |
|
||
ultrasound fetal growth |
over-active bladder |
screening |
702–3 |
|
||||
assessment 40–1 |
syndrome |
670–1 |
treatment |
724–3, 761, 764 |
|
|||
nortriptyline 451 |
premenstrual |
|
|
ovarian cysts |
|
|
||
nuchal fold, increased 128 |
syndrome |
522 |
in adolescence 495 |
|
||||
nuchal translucency |
sexual dysfunction 610 |
diagnosis |
690–1 |
|
||||
scan 112, 113, 114 |
oligohydramnios |
138–9 |
histology |
583, 692 |
|
|||
nucleic acid amplification |
oligomenorrhoea |
494, |
imaging 796, 797 |
|
||||
test (NAAT) 553 |
506–8 |
|
|
management 693 |
|
|||
nucleoside analogue reverse |
oligozoospermia |
598 |
pain causation 565 |
|
||||
transcriptase inhibitors |
omphalocele |
|
|
in pregnancy |
422, 426 |
|
||
(NRTI) 177 |
(exomphalos) |
126 |
ovarian diathermy 596–7 |
|
||||
|
|
ondansetron 546–7 |
ovarian disorders |
|
||||
O |
|
oophorectomy 426 |
amenorrhoea |
|
||||
|
bilateral oophorectomy |
causation |
507 |
|
||||
obesity |
|
and salpingectomy |
hirsutism causation 575 |
|
||||
fertility and 33 |
(BSO) 689, 721, |
see also specific disorders |
|
|||||
gynaecological |
733, 738 |
|
|
ovarian failure |
|
|
||
examination 463 |
oophoropexy 499 |
chemotherapy side |
|
|||||
polycystic ovarian |
operative vaginal delivery |
effects |
759 |
|
||||
syndrome (PCOS) |
criteria 296–7 |
|
premature (POF) 507, |
|
||||
and |
570, 571 |
instruments 294–5 |
642–3 |
|
|
|
||
risks in pregnancy 258–60 |
overview 292–3 |
ovarian hyperstimulation |
|
|||||
oblique lie 88–9, 315 |
pudendal nerve block 329 |
syndrome (OHSS) 604 |
|
|||||
obstetric anaesthesia |
trial of instrumental |
ovarian (adnexal) |
|
|||||
caesarean section |
vaginal delivery 298 |
torsion |
96–7, 422, |
|
||||
techniques 334–7 |
operculum 28 |
|
|
693, 796 |
|
|
|
|
epidural, see epidural |
opiate drug abuse 434, |
ovarian tumours |
|
|||||
anaesthesia/analgesia |
438–9; see also |
benign 689–93; |
|
|||||
pain relief in labour |
substance abuse |
see also ovarian cysts |
|
|||||
328–9 |
opioid analgesia |
|
imaging of ovarian |
|
||||
obstetric cholestasis |
side effects 767 |
masses 797 |
|
|||||
216–17 |
in WHO analgesic |
malignant, see ovarian |
|
|||||
obstetric history 2–4, |
ladder 766–7 |
cancer |
|
|
|
|||
42–3, 458 |
oral glucose tolerance test |
ovaries |
|
|
|
|||
obstetric physical |
(OGTT) 240, 241 |
anatomy 464, 465, 467 |
|
|||||
examination 6–7 |
Organization of Teratology |
bimanual vaginal |
|
|||||
occipitoanterior (OA) fetal |
Information Specialists |
examination 463 |
|
|||||
positions 9, 17 |
(OTIS) 261 |
|
|
imaging of ovarian |
|
|||
occipitofrontal |
orgasmic disorder 608, 610 |
masses 797 |
|
|||||
diameter 16–17 |
osteoporosis 638, 639, |
cancer therapy |
|
|||||
occipitoposterior (OP) fetal |
646, 651 |
|
|
effects |
498, 759 |
|
||
positions 9 |
ovarian arteries |
|
menstrual cycle |
|
||||
occipitotransverse (OT) |
anatomy 466 |
|
|
activity 502–4 |
|
|||
fetal positions 9 |
ligation 387–8 |
|
see also specific disorders |
|
||||
occiput 14 |
ovarian cancer |
|
|
over-active bladder |
|
|||
oedema |
|
aetiology 720–1 |
syndrome 668–71 |
|
||||
ovarian |
692 |
borderline ovarian |
overflow incontinence 654 |
|
||||
perineal |
350 |
tumours 730 |
ovulation 502, 503 |
|
||||
oesophageal atresia 126–7 |
chemotherapy |
724–5, |
anovulation |
592 |
|
|||
oestradiol |
24 |
726, 727 |
|
|
induction of |
596–7 |
|
|
oestrogen levels |
in childhood/ |
|
|
suppression agents 522 |
|
|||
changes in |
adolescence |
494–5, 496 |
Oxford system, |
|
||||
puerperium 350 |
histological subtypes 729 |
modified 677 |
|
|||||
in menopause 636 |
hormone replacement |
oxprenolol 63 |
|
|||||
menstrual cycle 502, 503 |
therapy (HRT) |
oxybutynin |
671 |
|
||||
pregnancy |
risk 650 |
|
|
oxygen saturation 411 |
|
|||
physiology 24–5, 28 |
investigation |
722–3 |
oxytocin 24, 28 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
816 INDEX
|
breech presentation 86 |
|
paramesonephric ducts 472, |
perineal tears 302–4, 329, |
||||||||||
|
cervical ripening |
274 |
|
473, 476–8 |
|
|
|
350, 358 |
|
|
||||
|
eclampsia management |
71 |
paravaginal repair, |
|
postnatal constipation |
|||||||||
|
ergometrine and, see |
|
prolapse 680 |
|
|
358 |
|
|
||||||
|
Syntometrine® |
|
parity 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
postnatal pain |
358 |
|
|||
|
hydatidiform mole |
|
paroxetine |
451 |
|
|
perineal wound |
|
|
|||||
|
management |
727 |
|
partogram |
267 |
|
|
|
infection 354 |
|
|
|||
|
induction of labour 276–7, |
parvovirus B19 |
160–1 |
perineoplasty 680 |
|
|||||||||
278, 279, 307 |
|
|
Patau’s syndrome 110 |
perineum |
|
|
||||||||
|
massive obstetric |
|
|
patient-controlled analgesia |
anatomy 468, 469 |
|
||||||||
|
haemorrhage 386–7 |
|
(PCA) 332–3 |
|
|
changes in |
|
|
||||||
|
poor progress in first |
|
Paulik’s grip 8 |
|
|
|
puerperium |
350 |
||||||
|
stage |
270–1 |
|
|
peak expiratory flow rate |
see also specific disorders/ |
||||||||
|
retained placenta |
|
|
(PEFR) |
208–9 |
|
procedures |
|
|
|||||
|
management |
320, 321 |
peak systolic velocity |
peripheral neuropathy 759 |
||||||||||
|
shoulder dystocia |
|
(PSV) 136–7, 160–1 |
peritoneal endometriotic |
||||||||||
|
management |
379 |
|
pelvic adequacy |
|
|
lesions 583 |
|
|
|||||
|
third stage |
|
|
|
assessment |
13 |
|
peri-urethral injections 666 |
||||||
|
management |
271 |
|
pelvic anatomy |
10–13, |
pessaries, prolapse |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
464–6, 467 |
|
|
|
management |
678, 679 |
|||
|
P |
|
|
|
|
pelvic brim |
11 |
|
|
|
pethidine 328–9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pelvic examination |
462–3, |
Pfannenstiel incision |
309 |
||||||
|
paclitaxel |
726 |
|
|
656–7 |
|
|
|
|
|
phaeochromocytoma |
248 |
||
|
pad test |
658 |
|
|
|
pelvic floor |
|
|
|
|
|
phenytoin 187 |
|
|
|
paediatrics, see adolescents; |
anatomy |
672–3 |
|
phosphodiesterase |
|
||||||||
|
children |
|
|
|
muscle strength |
|
inhibitors 612 |
|
||||||
|
Paget’s disease of the |
|
assessment |
676, 677 |
physiotherapy, prolapse |
|||||||||
|
vulva |
741 |
|
|
|
muscle training/ |
|
management |
678 |
|
||||
|
pain/pain management |
|
exercises |
664, 678 |
pica 36 |
|
|
|||||||
|
acute pelvic pain 564–5, |
pelvic inflammatory |
pituitary gland |
|
|
|||||||||
796 |
|
|
|
|
disease |
490, 561–3 |
amenorrhoea |
|
|
|||||
|
chronic pelvic pain |
|
pelvic inlet |
12–13 |
|
causation 507 |
|
|||||||
|
(CPP) 566–8, 582, 796 |
pelvic girdle pain |
52 |
changes in pregnancy 24 |
||||||||||
|
CMACE |
|
|
|
pelvic outlet |
12–13 |
hypopituitarism 256–7 |
|||||||
|
recommendations |
409 |
pelvic pain |
|
|
|
|
|
hypothalamic–pituitary– |
|||||
|
ectopic pregnancy 537 |
acute 564–5, 796 |
|
ovarian (HPO) |
|
|||||||||
|
endometriosis 582, |
|
in adolescence |
495 |
axis 502–4 |
|
|
|||||||
586, 587 |
|
|
|
chronic (CPP) |
566–8, |
late effects of cancer |
||||||||
|
fibroid-related 420 |
|
582, 796 |
|
|
|
|
therapy 498 |
|
|||||
|
gynaecological |
|
|
imaging 796 |
|
|
|
tumours 254–5 |
|
|||||
|
cancers |
766–7 |
|
pelvic venous |
|
|
|
|
placenta |
|
|
|||
|
imaging in pelvic pain |
|
congestion |
566 |
|
circulation 20–1 |
|
|||||||
796 |
|
|
|
|
penicillamine |
232 |
|
cocaine’s effect on |
|
|||||
|
menstruation-related/ |
|
penicillin 175 |
|
|
|
|
placentation 440 |
||||||
|
dysmenorrhoea 504, |
performance status |
745, 757 |
delivery of 270–1 |
|
|||||||||
|
510–11 |
|
|
|
peri-anal intraepithelial |
development of 18–19 |
||||||||
|
miscarriage |
533 |
|
neoplasia (AIN) |
711 |
essential functions 22–3 |
||||||||
|
neuropathic |
567 |
|
peri-menopause |
636 |
manual removal of |
|
|||||||
|
pelvic pain in |
|
|
perinatal mortality |
|
(MROP) 321 |
|
|||||||
|
adolescence |
495 |
|
home birth |
324, 326 |
post-partum haemorrhage |
||||||||
|
postnatal 358 |
|
|
key findings |
406 |
|
(PPH) and abnormal |
|||||||
|
pregnancy and abdominal, |
multiple pregnancy 77 |
site 322–3 |
|
|
|||||||||
|
see abdominal pain (in |
overview |
404–5 |
|
retained 320–1 |
|
||||||||
|
pregnancy) |
|
|
sickle cell disease |
201 |
see also specific disorders |
||||||||
|
sexual pain disorders |
609 |
substance abuse |
433 |
placenta accreta |
320–1, |
||||||||
|
vulval 698–9 |
|
|
perineal infiltration, local |
322–3 |
|
|
|||||||
|
palliative care |
764, 769 |
|
anaesthetic |
329 |
placenta increta |
320, 322–3 |
|||||||
|
palpation (abdominal), |
|
perineal injections, sexual |
placenta praevia (PP) |
|
|||||||||
|
normal pregnancy 6–7 |
dysfunction |
610 |
antepartum haemorrhage |
||||||||||
|
pancreatitis 97 |
|
|
perineal oedema |
350 |
and 55, 56–9 |
|
|||||||
|
paracetamol |
358 |
|
|
perineal trauma |
|
|
post-partum haemorrhage |
||||||
|
paramesonephric cysts |
686 |
episiotomy, see episiotomy |
and 322–3 |
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX |
817 |
||
placenta percreta 320, 322–3 |
secondary 352, 380 |
overview |
108 |
|
|
|
|
placental abruption |
shoulder dystocia and risk |
see also screening |
|
|
|
||
antepartum haemorrhage |
of 379 |
pre-operative assessment, |
|
|
|||
and 55, 56–7, 58–9 |
see also massive obstetric |
gynaecological |
|
|
|
||
fibroid differentiation 91 |
haemorrhage |
procedures 789 |
|
|
|
||
placental (utero-placental) |
post-partum thyroiditis 246 |
presentation |
|
|
|
||
insufficiency 144, 146 |
pre-eclampsia |
abdominal palpation to |
|
|
|||
plasma volume, in |
clinical features and |
determine 6–7 |
|
|
|
||
pregnancy 26 |
investigations 66 |
breech, see breech |
|
|
|
||
platelet concentrate 383, 384 |
definition 62, 63 |
presentation |
|
|
|
||
platelets |
|
management 67–8 |
fetal head diameters and |
|
|
||
autoimmune idiopathic |
maternal mortality 410 |
presenting parts |
16–17 |
|
|
||
thrombocytopenic |
obesity and 258, 259 |
terminology 17 |
|
|
|
||
purpura 206–7 |
overview 64–5 |
preterm labour and |
|
|
|
||
epidural |
|
post-partum hypertension |
delivery |
|
|
|
|
contraindications 333 |
differentiation 62 |
multiple pregnancy |
76, 77 |
|
|
||
HELLP syndrome 70–1 |
pregnancy complications |
overview |
98–9 |
|
|
|
|
in pregnancy 26 |
abdominal pain 90–7 |
prediction and |
|
|
|
||
platypolloid pelvic shape 11 |
antepartum haemorrhage |
prevention 100–1 |
|
|
|||
pleural effusion |
722–3 |
(APH) 55–9, 380 |
specific neonatal |
|
|
|
|
fetal 134 |
|
blood pressure physiology |
resuscitation |
|
|
|
|
pneumonia 212–13 |
background 60 |
issues |
342, 347 |
|
|
|
|
primary pneumocystis |
breech presentation, see |
tocolysis |
99, 400, 401 |
|
|
||
(PCP) 182 |
|
breech presentation |
preterm pre-labour |
|
|
|
|
podophyllotoxin cream/ |
eclampsia 70, 71, 410 |
rupture of membranes |
|
|
|||
solution 558 |
HELLP syndrome 70–1, |
(PPROM) 100, 102–3 |
|
|
|||
polycystic ovarian syndrome |
218 |
HIV infection 180 |
|
|
|
||
(PCOS) 507, 508, 570–3, |
hypertension 62–3; |
induction of labour |
278 |
|
|
||
596–7, 692 |
|
see also eclampsia; |
primary ovarian failure |
|
|
||
polyhydramnios |
134, 140 |
pre-eclampsia |
(POF) 592 |
|
|
|
|
polyps |
|
minor symptoms 50–4 |
prochlorperazine 546–7 |
|
|
||
cervical 687 |
|
multiple pregnancy 72–81 |
procidentia |
674 |
|
|
|
endometrial 688–9 |
pre-eclampsia, see |
progestogen therapy |
|
|
|
||
position of the presenting |
pre-eclampsia |
chronic pelvic pain |
|
|
|
||
part, terminology 17 |
preterm labour 77, |
treatment 568 |
|
|
|
||
postcoital bleeding |
98–101 |
dysfunctional |
|
|
|
||
(PCB) 458, 459, 504 |
preterm pre-labour rupture |
uterine bleeding |
|
|
|
||
posterior urethral valve |
of membranes 100, |
(DUB) 516–17 |
|
|
|
||
syndrome 122–3 |
102–3, 180, 278 |
endometrial cancer |
738 |
|
|
||
postmenopausal bleeding |
prolonged |
endometrial |
|
|
|
||
(PMB) 458, 459, 736, |
pregnancy 104–6 |
hyperplasia 732, 733 |
|
|
|||
737, 795 |
|
transverse/oblique/ |
endometriosis |
|
|
|
|
postnatal care |
|
unstable lie 88–9, 315 |
management 586, 587 |
|
|
||
breastfeeding and related |
pregnancy of unknown |
hormone replacement |
|
|
|||
issues 362–70 |
location (PUL) 531, |
therapy, see hormone |
|
|
|||
contraception |
360 |
538–9, 540–1 |
replacement therapy |
|
|
||
HIV infection |
182 |
pregnancy test 37, 789 |
(HRT) |
|
|
|
|
lifestyle 360 |
|
prelabour rupture of |
injectable |
628 |
|
|
|
major postnatal |
membranes (PROM) |
premenstrual syndrome |
|
|
|||
problems 352–9; |
preterm, seepreterm |
management 522 |
|
|
|||
see also specific |
prelabour rupture of |
preterm labour |
|
|
|
||
problems |
|
membranes (PPROM) |
prevention 100 |
|
|
|
|
maternal immunization 360 |
at term 312–14 |
progesterone-only pill |
|
|
|||
normal changes in |
premature ovarian failure |
(POP) |
360, 626–7 |
|
|
||
puerperium 350 |
(POF) 507, 642–3 |
progestogen-only |
|
|
|
||
postnatal depression 42–3, |
premenstrual dysphoric |
subdermal implant 628 |
|
|
|||
62–3, 359, 454–5 |
disorder 521 |
types in combined oral |
|
|
|||
post-partum haemorrhage |
premenstrual |
contraceptive pill |
|
|
|||
(PPH) 322–3 |
syndrome 520–3 |
(COCP) 622–3 |
|
|
|
||
causes 322–3, 380, 401 |
prenatal diagnosis |
see alsocombined oral |
|
|
|||
oxytocin use in increased |
genetic counselling |
contraceptive pill |
|
|
|||
risk 271 |
|
after 109 |
(COCP) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
818 INDEX
progesterone levels changes in
puerperium 350 ectopic pregnancy 534–5 menstrual cycle
physiology 502, 503 pregnancy of unknown
location (PUL) 538–9 pregnancy physiology 24
proguanil 167
prolactin levels 24, 28, 243, 254–5, 507
prolactinomas 254–5 prolapse
aetiology 672 assessment 675–7 classification 674–5 management 678–83 prevention 678
related anatomy 672, 673 prolonged pregnancy 104–6 propiverine 671 propylthiouracil
(PTU) 242–3 prostaglandins
bronchoconstrictive action and asthma 208–9
cervical ripening 274 induction of labour 276,
278, 279, 307 miscarriage 532 termination of
pregnancy 527 protease inhibitors
(PIs) 176–7, 182;
see also specific drugs proteinuria, in
pre-eclampsia 67, 68 pruritus/itching
idiopathic vulval itching 698–9
pregnancy-related 54, 216–17
pruritus vulvae 698, 699 pseudomyxoma
peritonei 724–5 psoas hitch 774 psoriasis 493
vulval 696–7
psychiatric illness/disorders co-existing substance
abuse 432
depression, see depression maternal mortality
and CMACE recommendations 416
overview of antenatal 446 psychiatric
medications 450–2 puerperal psychosis 456
psychological care, sexual assault 618
psychological issues female subfertility 597 pain management
in advanced cancer 766–7
pelvic pain 567 polycystic ovarian
syndrome 573 psychological symptoms, menopause 637
puberty 484–5 delayed 486–7 precocious 484–5
pubic ligaments 10–11 pudendal nerve block 329 puerperal psychosis 456 puerperium
care in, see postnatal care normal changes in 350 puerperal pyrexia 352,
353–7
puerperal sepsis 353 pulmonary artery wedge
pressure 399 pulmonary embolism (PE)
postnatal 352, 355 sudden maternal
collapse 374 symptoms and signs 394 see also venous
thromboembolism (VTE)
pulmonary hypertension 196
pulmonary oedema, in pregnancy 196, 411
pulse (maternal), monitoring in labour 267
pyelonephritis 220–1 pyometra 736 pyosalpinx 689 pyrazinamide 213
Q
quadruplet test 112–13, 114, 115
quality of life
hormone replacement therapy 650
prolapse 676
urinary symptoms 656 quickening, see fetal
movements quinine 167
R
rabies 183–4 radiant warmer/
Resuscitaire 340–1, 342, 347
radioactive iodine 242–3 radiography 659, 722–3,
797, 798 radiotherapy
breast cancer in pregnancy 427
cervical cancer 718–19 endometrial cancer 738 overview in gynaecological
cancers 764 principles 762 side effects 763 vaginal cancer 748
vulval cancer 746–7 raltegravir 177, 178–9, 181 rashes,
pregnancy-related 54, 163
RECIST (response, evaluation, criteria in solid tumours) criteria 756–7
recombinant activated factor VII 383
record keeping/ documentation 384, 778–9
rectocele 674, 675, 676 rectum, anatomy 466–7 red cell volume/mass, in
pregnancy 26 reflux oesophagitis 29,
50, 92–3
refusal of treatment 783 Reiter’s syndrome 553 remifentanil 332–3 renal agenesis 122
renal disease chronic 222–3 in systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) 228
see also specific disorders renal failure, acute 226–7 renal pelvic dilatation,
mild 128
renal system, changes in pregnancy 29
renal tract abnormalities, genital tract malformations and 474
renal tract infections, in pregnancy 220–1
renal transplantation, after pregnancy 224–5
reproductive function, seefertility; subfertility and reproductive medicine
residual check 658 respiratory depression,
epidural analgesia 332
respiratory distress syndrome 234
respiratory system changes in pregnancy 27 puerperal pyrexia
causation 355
see also specific disorders respiratory infections 182,
212–13 respiratory rate, in
pregnancy 27 restitution 328 Resuscitaire/radiant
warmer 340–1, 342, 347 resuscitation
maternal 374 neonatal, see neonatal
resuscitation retinopathy 234–5 reversed end diastolic flow
(REDF) 150, 152 Rhesus D negative,
antepartum haemorrhage management 58–9
Rhesus iso-immunization (Rhesus disease/immune hydrops) 132, 135–7, 360
rifampicin 213
ring pessary 678, 679 risk assignment, antenatal
monitoring 146–7 risk management,
clinical 790–3
risk of malignancy index (RMI) 690–1, 693, 722
Rokitansky
syndrome 472–3, 474 Rotterdam criteria 570 round ligament pain 90–1 Rovsing’s sign 94
rubella 156–7
antenatal screening 46 breast-feeding 370 non-vesicular rash
investigation 163 vaccination 156–7, 158–9,
360 Rubin II 378
rupture of membranes (ROM)
artificial (ARM)/ amniotomy 266, 276–7
HIV infection 180 prelabour 312–13 preterm pre-labour, see
preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes (PPROM)
spontaneous (SROM) 138–9
Rusch balloon 387–8
S
sacral nerve stimulation 671 sacrocolpoplexy 682–3 sacroiliac ligaments 10–11 sacrospinous
ligament 10–11 fixation 682
sacrotuberous ligament 10–11
sagittal suture 14, 15 saline infusion
sonography 794–5 salpingectomy 536–7
bilateral oophorectomy and salpingectomy (BSO) 689, 721, 733, 738
salpingo-oophorectomy 702
salpingotomy 536–7 sarcomas 740
sarcoma botryoides (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma) 464, 715, 748–9
schizophrenia 448 sciatica 52 screening
cervical cancer 424, 704–6 chlamydia 553, 594 chromosomal
abnormalities 44–5, 111–15, 128–9
gynaecological cancer overview 700 normal variant in fetal medicine 128–9 ovarian cancer 702–3,
720–1
psychiatric disorders 446, 454
structural abnormalities (fetal) 44–5, 116
for thalassaemia 203 scuba diving 30 seizures
eclampsia 70, 71 first seizure in
pregnancy differential diagnosis 186–7
see also epilepsy
selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 451, 522, 651
semen abnormality 599
normal analysis 598 Sengstaken–Blakemore
tube 388 sentinel lymph node
biopsy 746–7
INDEX 819
separation bleeding 271 sepsis
chemotherapy and neutropenic 758
CMACE recommendations 411
genital tract 410 maternal mortality 408–9,
410 puerperal 353
serious untoward incident (SUI) 790
serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) 451, 522,
651, 664 Sertoli–Leydig cell
tumour 692, 728 sertraline 451, 454–5 serum integrated
test 114–15 sex-cord stromal
tumours 495, 496, 692, 728, 729
sex development, disorders of (DSD) 476–83
sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) 507, 574, 575
sexual abuse/assault 489, 490, 493, 495, 613–19
in children 615, 616, 618–19
sexual dysfunction female (FSD) 606–11,
637, 646 male 599, 612 sexual history 459
Sexual Offences Act 2003 570
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 551, 490, 552–8
sexual assault 618–19 Sheehan’s syndrome 256–7 shelf pessary 678, 679 shoulder dystocia 238,
376–9 shoulders, delivery
of 264–5, 268
sickle cell disease/trait 47, 200–1
sildenafil 612 Simpson’s forceps 294 sinciput 14
sinusoidal pattern 284 skin
changes in pregnancy 6, 29 pregnancy symptoms 54 radiotherapy side
effects 763 rashes 54, 163
820 INDEX
|
small for gestational age |
preterm pre-labour |
suboccipitobregmatic |
||||
|
(SGA) 142 |
|
|
rupture of membranes |
diameter 16–17 |
||
|
smoking 32–3, 434, 445 |
(PPROM) 103 |
suboccipitofrontal |
||||
|
social history 3, 4, 461 |
stillbirth, see intrauterine |
diameter 16–17 |
||||
|
sodium bicarbonate, |
|
death/stillbirth |
substance abuse (in |
|||
|
neonatal |
|
|
stool softeners 358 |
pregnancy) |
||
|
resuscitation |
346 |
streptococcus infections, in |
alcohol abuse 436–7 |
|||
|
sodium valproate 450 |
pregnancy |
172, 174, 314 |
drug abuse 438–45 |
|||
|
solifenacin 671 |
|
|
streptomycin |
213 |
overview 430–4 |
|
|
spectinomycin 555 |
|
stress |
|
|
suction, neonatal |
|
|
speculum |
|
|
in pregnancy |
30 |
resuscitation 344, 347 |
|
|
examination |
462–3 |
reduction in premenstrual |
sudden unexpected adult/ |
|||
|
sperm, male |
|
|
syndrome |
arrhythmic deaths |
||
|
subfertility 598–9 |
management 523 |
(SADS) 408–9 |
||||
|
sperm retrieval |
598–9 |
stress urinary incontinence |
suicide 359, 416, 446, |
|||
|
spina bifida 118 |
|
|
(SUI) 654, 663–7 |
448, 456 |
||
|
spinal anaesthesia |
|
‘stretch and sweep’ 274 |
sulfasalazine 214–15 |
|||
|
anatomy 331 |
|
|
striae |
6, 29 |
|
sulphonamides 221 |
|
caesarean section |
334, |
stroke |
190–1, 638 |
supine hypotension |
||
336 |
|
|
structural abnormalities |
syndrome 27 |
|||
|
combined spinal epidural |
(fetal) |
|
supplementation (dietary), |
|||
|
(CSE) 336 |
|
|
screening/diagnosis 44–5, |
in pregnancy 32, 118 |
||
|
urinary |
|
|
116 |
|
surrogacy 603 |
|
|
catheterization |
358 |
see also specific |
sutures, fetal head |
|||
|
spiral arteries 20, 21 |
abnormalities |
anatomy 14, 15 |
||||
|
spiramycin 168 |
|
|
subacute sclerosing |
swallowing abnormalities, |
||
|
spironolactone |
580–1 |
panencephalitis 158 |
fetal 140 |
|||
|
spontaneous rupture |
subarachnoid |
|
Swansea criteria 219 |
|||
|
of membranes |
|
haemorrhage (SAH), in |
symphysiotomy 378–9 |
|||
|
(SROM) 138–9 |
|
pregnancy |
190–1 |
symphysis fundal height |
||
|
squamous cell |
|
|
subfertility and reproductive |
(SFH) 6–7, 148, 259 |
||
|
carcinoma 694, 715 |
medicine |
|
symphysis pubis discomfort, |
|||
|
ST waveform analysis |
assisted |
|
postnatal 358–9 |
|||
|
(STAN), fetal |
|
reproduction 600–4 |
symphysis pubis dysfunction |
|||
|
ECG 280–1 |
|
|
consent 783 |
(SPD) 52, 92 |
||
|
stabilizing induction |
278 |
endometriosis 495, 582–7 |
syntocinon 278 |
|||
|
station 17 |
|
|
female subfertility 592–7 |
Syntometrine® 271, 320 |
||
|
sterilization, female |
632–4, |
gonadotrophin- |
syphilis 46, 175, 556 |
|||
787 |
|
|
releasing hormone |
systemic lupus erythematosus |
|||
|
steroid therapy |
|
|
(GnRH), see |
(SLE) 228–9 |
||
|
Addison’s disease |
252 |
gonadotrophin- |
|
|||
|
antenatal, see steroid |
releasing |
|
T |
|||
|
therapy (antenatal) |
hormone (GnRH); |
|||||
|
asthma 208–9 |
|
|
gonadotrophin- |
tachyarrhythmias, fetal 134 |
||
|
autoimmune idiopathic |
releasing hormone |
tachycardia, fetal 284 |
||||
|
thrombocytopenic |
(GnRH) analogues; |
tadalafil 612 |
||||
|
purpura 206–7 |
|
gonadotrophin- |
tamoxifen 366, 427 |
|||
|
congenital adrenal |
|
releasing antagonists |
tamponade, uterine 387–8 |
|||
|
hyperplasia |
250–1, 481 |
hirsutism and |
Tanner stages 485 |
|||
|
hyperemesis |
|
|
virilization 250–1, |
teicoplanin, endocarditis |
||
|
gravidarum |
546–7 |
574–81 |
|
prophylaxis 195 |
||
|
inflammatory bowel |
male subfertility 598–9 |
temperature (body) |
||||
|
disease 214–15 |
ovarian hyperstimulation |
monitoring in labour 267 |
||||
|
metastatic disease pain |
syndrome (OHSS) 604 |
neonatal |
||||
|
management 766 |
polycystic ovarian |
resuscitation 340–2, |
||||
|
recurrent miscarriage 545 |
syndrome |
347 |
||||
|
vulval dermatoses |
695, |
(PCOS) |
507, 508, |
tenofovir 177, 178 |
||
696 |
|
|
570–3, 596–7, 692 |
tension-free vaginal tape |
|||
|
steroid therapy (antenatal) |
sexual dysfunction 606–12 |
(TVT) 667 |
||||
|
in diabetes 238 |
|
see alsofertility |
teratogenesis |
|||
|
pre-eclampsia |
68 |
|
submentobregmatic |
anticonvulsant drugs 186, |
||
|
preterm labour 99 |
diameter 16–17 |
187–8 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX |
821 |
|
autoimmune disease |
receptor stimulating |
menstrual |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
drugs |
232 |
|
antibodies |
242–3 |
disorders 794–5 |
|
|
||||||
chemotherapy |
759 |
thyroid storm |
242 |
ovarian masses and |
|
|
|||||||
cocaine 440 |
|
|
thyroidectomy |
242–3 |
gynaecological |
|
|
||||||
methotrexate |
536 |
thyroiditis, post-partum 246 |
malignancy |
703, |
|
|
|||||||
overview |
22–3, 261 |
thyrotoxicosis |
242–3 |
736, 797 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
teratomas |
692, 727 |
thyroxine (T4) levels 25, |
pelvic pain |
796 |
|
|
|||||||
terminal care |
769 |
242–4, 246, 256–7 |
post-menopausal bleeding |
|
|
||||||||
termination of pregnancy |
thyroxine therapy |
244–5, |
(PMB) 795 |
|
|
|
|||||||
(TOP) |
|
|
|
|
246–7 |
|
|
preterm labour |
|
|
|||
consent |
788 |
|
|
tibolone 610, 644 |
prediction |
101 |
|
|
|||||
in children |
783 |
tidal volume, in |
|
subfertility |
796 |
|
|
||||||
contraception |
|
pregnancy |
27 |
|
urogynaecology 798 |
|
|
||||||
following |
624 |
tinnitus 759 |
|
|
transverse lie/ |
|
|
|
|||||
management |
528–9 |
tissue heart valves 194–5 |
presentation |
84, 88–9, |
|
|
|||||||
methods |
527 |
|
tissue perfusion, blood loss |
315 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
multiple pregnancy 78 |
effects 383 |
|
|
trapped ovary |
|
|
|
||||||
overview |
526 |
|
tobacco use, in |
|
syndrome |
566 |
|
|
|||||
testosterone levels 507, |
pregnancy |
32–3, 434, |
trastuzumab |
427 |
|
|
|||||||
574, 640 |
|
|
|
445 |
|
|
travel, pregnancy |
|
|
||||
testosterone therapy |
tocolysis 99, 400, 401 |
advice |
183–4 |
|
|
||||||||
hormone replacement |
tolterodine 671 |
|
trichomonas |
551557 |
|
|
|||||||
therapy |
644 |
tone, neonatal |
|
|
tricuspid regurgitation 113 |
|
|
||||||
sexual dysfunction 610 |
assessment |
342–3 |
tricyclic antidepressants 451 |
|
|
||||||||
tetanus 183–4 |
|
toxoplasmosis |
168–9 |
triiodothyronine (T3) 25, |
|
|
|||||||
tetracyclines |
210–11, 221 |
tranexamic acid 204–5, |
242–3, 244 |
|
|
|
|||||||
thalassaemia |
47, 202–3 |
516–17 |
|
|
trimethoprim |
221 |
|
|
|||||
thalidomide |
214–15 |
transcutaneous electrical |
triple test |
112–13, 115 |
|
|
|||||||
theca lutein cysts 692 |
nerve stimulation |
trisomy 13 |
110 |
|
|
|
|||||||
thecoma 692 |
|
|
(TENS) 328 |
|
trisomy 18 110 |
|
|
|
|||||
thiamine 546–7 |
|
transdermal combined |
trisomy 21, see Down’s |
|
|
||||||||
deficiency of |
546 |
hormonal contraceptive |
syndrome (trisomy 21) |
|
|
||||||||
threadworms |
493 |
patch 625 |
|
|
trospium 671 |
|
|
|
|||||
three-swab test |
776 |
transformation zone |
tubal carcinoma |
728 |
|
|
|||||||
thrombocytopaenia |
(TZ) 704 |
|
|
tubal occlusion |
632–3, 634 |
|
|
||||||
causes in pregnancy 207 |
large loop excision of |
tubal patency, |
|
|
|
||||||||
chemotherapy side |
(LLETZ) |
424, 704–5, |
assessment 595 |
|
|
||||||||
effect |
758 |
|
708–9, 710, 716 |
tuberculosis (TB) 212–13 |
|
|
|||||||
thromboembolism, obesity |
transfusion |
|
|
tumour markers |
|
|
|
||||||
and 258 |
|
|
|
consent/refusal |
783, |
CA19.9 722 |
|
|
|
||||
thrombolysis 396–7 |
786–7 |
|
|
CA125, see CA125 |
|
|
|||||||
thrombophilia |
|
|
graft rejection and 225 |
CEA 722 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
recurrent miscarriage 542 |
massive obstetric |
Turner’s syndrome (45 |
|
|
|||||||||
venous thromboembolism |
haemorrhage 383, 384 |
XO) 110 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
(VTE) and |
390, 391, |
parvovirus B19 |
160–1 |
twin reversed arterial |
|
|
|||||||
392–3 |
|
|
|
Rhesus disease |
136–7 |
perfusion (TRAP) 78–9 |
|
|
|||||
thrombophlebitis 355 |
transobturator tape |
twins |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
thrush (candidiasis) 551, |
(TOT) 667 |
|
antenatal care |
76–7 |
|
|
|||||||
553–4 |
|
|
|
|
transplantation, renal |
fetal distress of second |
|
|
|||||
thyroid-binding globulin |
224–5 |
|
|
twin |
402 |
|
|
|
|||||
(TBG) |
25 |
|
|
transvaginal scan (TVS) |
labour 80–1 |
|
|
|
|||||
thyroid gland |
|
|
BRCA mutation |
|
multiple pregnancy |
|
|
||||||
changes in pregnancy 25 |
surveillance |
721 |
overview 72 |
|
|
||||||||
thyroid function tests |
dysfunctional uterine |
problems in |
|
|
|
||||||||
(TFTs) |
243, 640 |
bleeding (DUB) 513, |
monochorionic, |
|
|
||||||||
see also specific disorders |
514 |
|
|
diamniotic twins 78–9 |
|
|
|||||||
thyroid nodules |
246–7 |
early pregnancy |
530, 531, |
twin-to-twin transfusion |
|
|
|||||||
thyroid-stimulating hormone |
532, 794 |
|
|
syndrome (TTTS) 78, |
|
|
|||||||
(TSH) 25, 242–5, 246–7, |
ectopic pregnancy 534–5, |
79, 133, 134, 140 |
|
|
|||||||||
256–7 |
|
|
|
|
536–7 |
|
|
types 74–5 |
|
|
|
|
|
thyroid stimulating |
endometriosis 584–5 |
vanishing twin |
|
|
|
||||||||
hormone (TSH) |
hirsutism 577 |
|
syndrome 77 |
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
822 INDEX
twins (Cont’d)
see also multiple pregnancy two-vessel umbilical
cord 128
U
ulceration, vulval 493 ulcerative colitis
(UC) 214–15 ulipristal 630 ultrasound scan (USS)
anomaly scan 116 cardiac defects 120–1 gastrointestinal
defects 127 lung defects 124–5 neural tube
defects 118–19 soft markers/
normal variant screening 128–9
urinary tract defects 122–3
chromosomal abnormalities screening 112, 113
congenital uterine abnormalities 798
dating scan 2–3, 38 Doppler, see Doppler
ultrasound early pregnancy
overview 794
ectopic pregnancy 534–5, 794
fetal growth
assessment 40–1, 148 fetal hydrops 132 fibroids 794–5 hydatidiform mole 751 intrauterine devices 798 lower urinary tract 659 miscarriage 528, 531,
532, 794 ovarian masses and
gynaecological malignancy 703, 722–3, 797
pelvic pain 796 post-menopausal bleeding
(PMB) 795 pre-eclampsia
management 68 pre-operative
assessment 789 risk of malignancy index
(RMI) 691 saline infusion
sonography 794–5 subfertility 796
termination of pregnancy 528
transvaginal scan (TVS), seetransvaginal scan (TVS)
urogynaecology 798 umbilical arteries/veins 20,
21
umbilical artery Doppler 150–2
umbilical cord 19 controlled cord traction
(CCT) 270–1, 320 cord clamping 268, 270–1,
347
cord prolapse 86, 277, 278, 401
two-vessel 128 UNICEF, Baby Friendly
Hospital Initiative (BFHI) 362–3
unstable lie 88–9 urethral caruncle 686 urethral injury,
practice-related 460–3 urethral pain 655 urethral prolapse 686 urethral syndrome 567 urethral valve,
posterior 122–3 ureterocele 122 ureters
anatomy 466 practice-related
injury 774–5
see also specific disorders urgency (urinary) 655
urge urinary incontinence 654
uric acid 29
urinary catheterization, postnatal urinary retention 358
urinary frequency 36, 655 urinary incontinence
classification of 636–8 definition 655
urinary retention, postnatal 358
urinary tract anatomy 466 assessment of
lower 656–62 fetal urine
production 138–9, 140 pelvic pain causation 565,
567
pregnancy physiology 29 pregnancy symptoms 54 urinary symptoms
in gynaecological history 460
see also urogynaecology; specific disorders/ procedures
urinary tract defects, fetal 122–3, 138–9
urinary tract infection (UTI) 91, 355, 358
urinary tract injuries, practice-related 772–4
urine testing
in labour 267 lower urinary tract
assessment 658 urodynamic stress
incontinence (USI) 662, 663
urodynamics 660–2, 668–9, 797
uroflowmetry 660, 661, 797 urogenital symptoms,
menopause 638, 646, 651
urography,IV 659, 798 urogynaecology
assessment of lower urinary tract 656–62
imaging 798 over-active bladder
syndrome 668–71 prolapse, see prolapse stress urinary incontinence
(SUI) 663–7 urinary incontinence
classification 654 urinary symptoms 655
ursodeoxycholic acid 216–17
uterine anomalies 472–3, 474, 542, 798
uterine artery anatomy 466
Doppler 64, 148, 151 embolization 387, 389,
689 ligation 387–8
uterine atony 322–3, 386–7, 388, 401
uterine bleeding, dysfunctional (DUB) 512–19
uterine contractions, see contractions (uterine)
uterine fibroids, see fibroids uterine inversion 322–3,
400
uterine involution 364 uterine/uterovaginal
prolapse 674, 675, 682, 683; see also prolapse
uterine rupture 93, 278, 307, 322–3
uterine sarcomas 740
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX |
823 |
||
uterine size, normal |
advanced cancer |
768 |
postnatal |
352, 355, 360 |
|
|
||||
pregnancy |
7 |
in childhood 488–9 |
pre-operative |
|
|
|
|
|||
uterine tamponade 387–8 |
endometrial cancer 736 |
assessment |
789 |
|
|
|||||
uterine tubes, see fallopian |
pregnancy-related 28, 54 |
prevention |
392–3 |
|
|
|
||||
(uterine) tubes |
vaginal embryonal |
|
treatment |
396–7 |
|
|
|
|||
uterine veins |
20, 21 |
rhabdomyosarcoma 464 |
see also deep vein |
|
|
|
||||
utero-placental |
vaginal examination (VE) |
thrombosis (DVT); |
|
|
||||||
circulation |
20, 21 |
bimanual 462–3 |
|
pulmonary embolism |
|
|
||||
utero-placental |
induction of labour 276 |
(PE) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
insufficiency 144, 146 |
in labour 267 |
|
ventilation, neonatal |
|
|
|
||||
uterosacral ligaments 672, |
prelabour rupture |
resuscitation |
344, 345, |
|
|
|||||
673 |
|
of membranes at |
346, 347 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
uterus |
|
term 312–13 |
ventouse (vacuum |
|
|
|
||||
anatomy 464–6, 467, |
PV bleeding and |
56 |
extraction) 292–3, |
|
|
|||||
672, 673 |
|
vaginal intraepithelial |
294–8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
benign neoplasms 688–9; |
neoplasia (VAIN) 711 |
ventral sacroiliac |
|
|
|
|||||
see also fibroids |
vaginal melanoma |
747 |
ligament |
10–11 |
|
|
|
|||
changes in |
|
vaginal ring, |
|
ventricular septal |
|
|
|
|||
puerperium 350 |
contraceptive |
625 |
defect |
121 |
|
|
|
|
||
late effects of cancer |
vaginal septae 472–3, 474 |
vertex, fetal head |
|
|
|
|||||
therapy |
498 |
vaginal trainers/dilators 610 |
anatomy |
14 |
|
|
|
|
||
measurement |
vaginal vault prolapse 682 |
vertex presentation |
17 |
|
|
|||||
anomalies 40 |
vaginismus 609 |
|
vesicoureteric reflux 29 |
|
|
|||||
pregnancy physiology 28 |
vaginoplasty 478 |
|
vestibulodynia 612, 698 |
|
|
|||||
vaginal examiination |
valproate 187 |
|
video-urodynamics 660, 798 |
|
|
|||||
(bimanual) 463 |
valvotomy, fetal 134 |
villi, placental 18, 19 |
|
|
||||||
see also specific disorders/ |
vancomycin, endocarditis |
viruses, breastfeeding |
|
|
||||||
procedures |
prophylaxis 195 |
and 370 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
vaccination/immunization |
vanillylmandelic acid |
vitamin K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
anti-D |
|
(VMA) 248 |
|
epilepsy management in |
|
|
||||
immunoglobulin 58, |
vanishing twin syndrome 77 |
pregnancy |
186, 188 |
|
|
|||||
137, 360, 530, 789 |
vardenafil 612 |
|
obstetric |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hepatitis B virus (HBV) 46, |
varicella infection |
164–5, |
cholestasis |
216–17 |
|
|
||||
170–1, 183–4, 360 |
212, 370 |
|
voiding difficulties, |
|
|
|
||||
human papillomavirus |
varicose veins 53 |
|
urinary |
655 |
|
|
|
|
||
(HPV) 558, 710–11, 742 |
vasa praevia 55 |
|
volatile substance |
|
|
|
||||
mumps, measles and |
vascular endothelial growth |
abuse 445 |
|
|
|
|
||||
rubella (MMR) 156–7, |
factor (VEGF) |
760–1 |
volume replacement, |
|
|
|||||
158–9 |
|
vascular pregnancy |
neonatal |
|
|
|
|
|
||
rubella 360 |
|
symptoms 52–3 |
resuscitation |
346 |
|
|
||||
|
|
vasomotor symptoms, |
vomiting, see nausea and |
|
|
|||||
V |
|
menopause 637, 646, |
vomiting |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
651 |
|
Von Willebrand’s |
|
|
|
||||
vacuum extraction |
vestibule, anatomy 468–9 |
disease |
205 |
|
|
|
|
|||
(ventouse) 292–3, |
virilization 250–1, 574–7 |
vulva |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
294–8 |
|
vitamin B12 deficiency 199 |
anatomy |
467, 468–9 |
|
|
||||
vagina |
|
vitamin supplementation 32 |
benign neoplasms |
686 |
|
|
||||
anatomy 464–5, 466, 467, |
venous congestion 566 |
idiopathic itch and |
|
|
|
|||||
672, 673 |
|
venous thromboembolism |
pain 698–9 |
|
|
|
|
|||
benign neoplasms 686 |
(VTE) |
|
Paget’s disease of |
741 |
|
|
||||
changes in pregnancy 28 |
combined oral |
|
skin care |
697 |
|
|
|
|
||
changes in |
|
contraceptive pill |
squamous cell |
|
|
|
|
|||
puerperium 350 |
(COCP) risk 623 |
carcinoma 694 |
|
|
|
|||||
see also specific disorders |
diagnosis 394–5 |
|
see also specific disorders |
|
|
|||||
vaginal bleeding, advanced |
flying and pregnancy 184 |
vulval cancer |
744–7, 761, 764 |
|
|
|||||
cancer 768 |
hormone replacement |
vulval dermatitis |
696 |
|
|
|||||
vaginal cancer |
748–9 |
therapy (HRT) |
vulval dermatoses 694–7, |
|
|
|||||
vaginal cones |
664, 678 |
risk 645 |
|
699; see also specific |
|
|
||||
vaginal delivery/birth, see |
maternal mortality 352, |
disorders |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
labour and delivery |
390–1, 410–11 |
vulval intraepithelial |
|
|
|
|||||
vaginal (PV) discharge 550 |
overview of pregnancy- |
neoplasia (VIN) |
711, |
|
|
|||||
in adolescence 490 |
related 390–1 |
741–2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
824 INDEX
vulval melanoma 747 vulval psoriasis 696–7
vulval ulceration 493, 698–9 vulval vestibulitis 609 vulvodynia/vestibulodynia
698 vulvovaginitis 488–9
W
warfarin
artificial heart valves in pregnancy 194–5
venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment 396–7
warts 493, 558 weight/body mass index
(BMI) 7, 33, 258–9, 406 Wernicke’s
encephalopathy 546
Wertheim’s hysterectomy 718–19
white cell count (total), in pregnancy 26
Wickham’s striae 696 Wolffian (mesonephric)
ducts 472, 473 Woods’ screw/reverse
screw 378
World Health Organization (WHO)
analgesic ladder 766–7 Baby-Friendly Hospital
Initiative (BFHI) 362–3 screening principles 700
work, during pregnancy 35 wound infection
abdominal 355 perineal 354
Wrigley’s forceps 294, 295
X
X-RAY 659, 722–3, 797, 798
Y
Yasmin® 622 yellow fever 183–4
yolk sac tumours 727
Z
Zanvanelli manouevre 378–9
zidovudine 177, 178, 180–1, 182
zinc supplementation 32
Plate 1 Lichen sclerosus (note the labial fusion and leukoplakia).
Plate 2 Colposcopy image 1: normal cervix.
Plate 3 Colposcopy image 2: ectropion in a nulliparous woman.
Plate 4 Colposcopy image 3: abnormal transformation zone (stained with acetic acid).
Plate 5 Colposcopy image 4: squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
Plate 6 Colposcopy image 5: endocervical polyp.
Plate 7 Colposcopy image 6: cervical wart.
Plate 8 Colposcopy image 7: Nabothian follicles (note the regularly branching tree-like vessels often seen over the cysts).
Common drugs: safety and usage in pregnancy and breast-feeding
Drug |
Risk* |
Conclude |
Alternatives |
Breast-feeding |
Antibiotics |
|
|
|
|
Metronidazole |
Possible increased risk of preterm labour |
Caution |
Clindamycin |
Safe |
Penicillins |
Nil known |
Use if indicated |
N/A |
Safe |
Erythromycin |
Nil known |
Use if indicated |
N/A |
Safe |
Cephalosporins |
Nil known |
Use if indicated |
N/A |
Safe |
Co-amoxiclav |
Possible increased neonatal risk if preterm birth |
Caution |
Penicillins |
Safe |
Tetracyclines |
Discolour teeth if 2nd trimester |
Avoid |
Erythromycin |
Safe |
Trimethoprim |
Folic acid antagonsist |
Avoid |
Cephalosporins |
Safe |
Fundamentals: bacterial infection in pregnancy requires treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Analgesics |
|
|
|
|
Non-steroidals |
Closure of fetal ductus arteriosus, fetal oliguria, |
Caution (avoid for analgesia) |
Paracetamol |
Safe |
(normal dose) |
possible cerebral haemorrhage |
Monitor fetus with ultrasound |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aspirin (low dose) |
Nil known |
Use if high risk of pre-clampsia |
N/A |
Safe |
Paracetamol |
Nil known |
Safe |
N/A |
Safe |
Opiates |
Maternal/fetal dependency |
Only if severe pain or drug |
Methadone if |
Beware |
|
|
dependency |
opiate addict |
accumulation |
Fundamentals: best use paracetamol, plus codeine if more severe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anticoagulants |
|
|
|
|
Warfarin |
Teratogenic |
Only if artificial heart valves |
LMWH |
Safe |
|
Fetal haemorrhage |
(seek advice) |
|
|
LMWH |
Maternal bleeding in od |
If indicated |
N/A |
Safe |
|
Safe for fetus |
|
|
|
Fundamentals: anticoagulation is probably underused in pregnancy, warfarin only used in exceptional circumstances
*Note background risk of congenital malformations 1–2%
Antihypertensives |
|
|
|
|
ACE inhibitors |
Fetal renal failure teratogenic (3% risk) |
Avoid nifedipine |
Methyldopa |
Captopril safe |
Methyldopa |
Nil known |
Best 1st line |
N/A |
Safe |
B-Blockers |
Possible IUGR if early |
Caution, 3rd line |
Methyldopa |
Safe |
Ca antagonists |
Nil known |
Best 2nd line (e.g. nifedipine) |
N/A |
Safe |
Thiazide diuretics |
Maternal hypovolaemia |
Avoid |
Methyldopa |
Safe |
|
Fetal thrombocytopenia |
|
|
|
Fundamentals: severe hypertension in pregnancy is common and life threatening and requires treatment. Avoid ACE inhibitors prenatally
Endocrine/ hormone treatments |
|
|
|
|
Thyroid hormone |
Replacement therapy |
Use if indicated |
N/A |
Safe |
Propylthiouracil |
Fetal hypothyroidism (rare) |
Use, minimum dose |
N/A |
Monitor thyroid |
Carbimazole |
Fetal hypothyroidism (rare), aplasia cutis |
Use, minimum dose |
Propylthiouracil |
Monitor thyroid |
Insulin |
Replacement therapy, maternal hypoglycaemia |
Use with usual precautions |
N/A |
Safe |
Metformin |
probably safe, little data |
Caution |
Insulin |
safe |
Fundamentals: treatment of underlying disease greatly reduces maternal and fetal risks. |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
Immunosuppresants |
|
|
|
|
Ciclosporin |
Nil known |
Continue, monitor levels |
N/A |
Probably safe |
Azathioprine |
Minimal |
Continue if indicated |
N/A |
Safe |
Prednisolone |
No fetal effects |
Use minimum dose |
N/A |
Safe |
|
Maternal gestational diabetes, hypertension |
|
|
|
Fundamentals: treatment of underlying disease (e.g. transplant) imperative and reduces maternal and, therefore, fetal risks.
Common drugs: safety and usage in pregnancy and breast-feeding (Cont.)
Drug |
Risk* |
Conclude |
Alternatives |
Breast-feeding |
Psychiatric medications |
|
Tricyclics |
Largely safe |
SSRIs |
Paroxetine teratogenic (3% risk) |
|
Others probably safe |
Lithium |
Teratogenic (cardiac) (10% risk) |
Neuroleptics |
Possible very mild teratogenicity |
|
Largely unknown (avoid clozapine) |
Use if high risk of relapse |
Fluoxetine |
Safe |
Use if high risk of relapse |
Fluoxetine |
Safe |
(avoid paroxetine, fluoxetine |
|
|
best) |
|
|
Use only if high risk of relapse |
Difficult |
Watch for toxicity |
Usually continue because of |
Difficult |
Probably safe |
risk of relapse |
|
|
Fundamentals: psychiatric disease is a major problem during/ after pregnancy so treatment may need to continue
Antiepileptics |
|
|
|
|
Sodium valproate |
Impaired childhood cognition |
Minimize combinations |
Carbamazepine |
Safe |
|
Teratogenic (4–9% risk) |
Consider change if <12 weeks |
N/A |
|
Carbamazepine |
Teratogenic (1–3% risk) |
Usually continue |
N/A |
Safe |
Lamotrigine |
Teratogenic (1–5% risk) |
Usually continue |
N/A |
Safe |
Fundamentals: best sorted pre conceptually. Seizure control imperative, but minimize combinations and doses. High dose folic acid |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
Other drugs |
|
|
|
|
Steroids (lung |
Nil known with single course |
Use if high risk for preterm |
N/A |
N/A |
maturation: β- and |
|
delivery. |
|
|
dexamethasone) |
|
Betamethasone best |
|
|
Beta-agonists |
Nil known at anti-asthmatic doses |
Use if indicated, e.g. asthma |
N/A |
Safe |
Ursodeoxycholic acid |
|
Use if indicated, e.g. cholestasis |
N/A |
Not indicated |
|
|
|
|
|
*Note background risk of congenital malformations 1–2%
Normal maternal ranges in pregnancy
Full blood count
Hb |
10.5–14.0g/dL |
Levels higher if routine supplementation given |
WBC |
5–11.0g/dL |
Levels unchanged in pregnancy, but rise in |
|
|
labour |
Platelets |
100–450 × 109/L |
Slight drop towards term |
Note: high Hb associated with worse perinatal outcomes. Rapid drop in platelets suggestive of complications in PET
Thyroid function
Free T4 |
11–22pmol/L |
Slightly lower in early pregnancy |
Free T3 |
43–5pmol/L |
Slightly lower in early pregnancy |
TSH |
0–4µ/L |
Aim for 1.5–2.0 if replacement therapy |
|
||
Note: undertreated and subclinical hypothyroidism associated with cognitive |
||
deficit in childhood |
|
|
|
|
|
Renal function |
|
|
|
|
|
Urea |
2.8–3.8mmol/L |
Lowered in pregnancy |
Creatinine |
50–80µmol/L |
Lowered in pregnancy |
Uric acid |
0.14–0.2/0.35 |
×10 should be <gestation in weeks after 20wks |
|
µmol/L |
|
Na+ |
135–145mmol/L |
Unchanged in pregnancy |
K+ |
3.5–4.5mmol/L |
Usually slightly low in pregnancy |
Protein excr. <0.3g/24h |
Slightly raised |
|
|
||
Note: increased renal excretion in pregnancy. High creatinine/uric acid |
||
common with PET |
|
|
|
|
|
Liver function |
|
|
ALP |
<500IU/L |
Raised in pregnancy |
ALT |
<30IU/L |
Slightly reduced in pregnancy |
AST |
<35IU/L |
Slightly reduced in pregnancy |
Albumin |
28–37g/L |
Slightly reduced in pregnancy |
|
||
Note: rapid rise in liver enzymes common with complications of PET |
||
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
ESR |
>30 |
Elevated; no clinical use in pregnancy |
CRP |
<8 |
Unchanged by pregnancy |
Glucose |
<6.0 fasting |
Slight fall in pregnancy |
|
<8.0 after food |
|
Note: tight glucose control improves outcomes with maternal diabetes