Уральское востоковедение_2015
.pdfThe above has said that there are many traditions for such a significant festival.Yes, it is. From the 23nd December to the end of this month, we get different tasks for each day to prepare for Spring Festival, and I will introduce them in detail.
On the 23nd December, we eat sesame candies. This is a kind of belief in old days, but the tradition has been preserved. It is said that on that day, the fairy couple, who are responsible for protecting our kitchen, will go to heaven to pay a formal visit to the Jade Emperor. We hope they could say something sweet to the Jade Emperor, so that he will bless us. We believe that candies can make their mouths sweet, so we usually consecrate sesame candies to the couple. Only after the consecration can we eat the candies. However, not all families now consecrate the fairy couple, but the tradition of eating sesame candies on the 23nd December is observed.
Onthe24th December,wecleanourhouse.ForwelcomingtheNewYear,everything should be clean and clear.Almost all family members on that day will participate in the cleaning. It may dirty, but we all enjoy the work, because it’s worth happy to work with dear family members and finally, everything is clean.
On the 25th December, we prepare meat. Meat is a must in Spring Festival no matter in old days or nowadays. Generally, we buy pork, beef, mutton, chicken, duck, fish, etc. However, some families choose to butcher them by themselves, and the festival atmosphere will be stronger.These meat are boiled or fried and are waiting to be cooked during the holiday. In addition to meat, there are also fried meatballs, vegetableballs, as well as sweet potato balls. I love this day very much, for I love eating these fried balls.
On the 26th December, we prepare steamed buns. They are not just for one day of a family, but for the whole holiday and including other relatives who will come to visit us during the holiday. Thus, it’s a large quantity. Except for steamed bun with vegetable stuffing,meatstuffingandsweetredbeanstuffing,wemakeakindofbunswithjujubes, which looks like sunflowers and are used for consecration.
On the 27th December, we go to shopping mall to purchase new clothes and other stuff.Nowadays,SpringFestivalisincreasinglybecomingaspendingholiday.Shopping malls and markets are more crowded than usual. Even so, we still happy, because it is Spring Festival. In old days, we were too poor to buy new clothes in ordinary life. Nevertheless, since Spring Festival is the first day of a year, and everything new means a good start of one year, we got new clothes only in Spring Festival. Although now we can wear new clothes casually, the tradition and the belief have been reserved.
Onthe28th December,wepasteSpringFestivalcoupletsandpictures.Somefamilies also hang red lanterns and Chinese knots. Since red in China stands for auspiciousness and propitiousness, Spring Festival is also a festival that is surrounded by red color. The couplets contain the nice wishes for the coming New Year, and the pictures are usually ancient celebrated heroes, whom we believe can protect our families and bring us blessing.
Onthe29th December,wepreparealcohol,whichisaswellamustinSpringFestival. We always believe that alcohol can help us deepen our relationships. During Spring Festival, there must be many gatherings, and alcohol is indispensable. Consequently, the probability of traffic accident is getting higher. Spring Festival is auspicious, while accidents are ominous. Thus, remember, no driving after drinking!
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Here comes the last day of the year – the 30th December, which we call New Year’s Eve.ThemostimportanttwothingsonthisdayarereuniondinnerandtheannualSpring Festival Gala. For reunion dinner, jiaozi is indispensable, which is also the symbol of auspiciousness and propitiousness. The Spring Festival Gala is the largest-scale gala organized by CCTV. It has accompanied us for 32 nights. Wherever we are, we will watch it. It is just like a link, linking us with our dear families, making us feel warm and happy.
Yet, in lunar calendar, December has only 29 days in some years, and then the 29th December is the New Year’s Eve.
Well,theabovearethetraditionsofourSpringFestival,buttheorderisnotobserved strictly,exceptthe23nd December.Themostinterestingandexcitingtimesinmyopinion is the preparation time for New Year.And now you have known this, are you willing to experience it yourselves?
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АВТОРЫ ВЫПУСКА
Агапов Михаил Геннадьевич, доктор исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Института проблем освоения Севера Сибирского отделения РАН, г. Тюмень
Антошин Алексей Валерьевич, доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Ачан (Галиакбарова) Надежда Маликовна, кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Бодоева Александра Александровна, кандидат филологических наук, преподаватель Бурятского государственного университета, г. Улан-Удэ
Буракова Анна Александровна, ассистент кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Валиахметова Гульнара Ниловна доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург Возчиков Дмитрий Викторович, ассистент кафедры востоковедения УрФУ, аспирант кафедры Древнего мира и средних веков Уральского федерального уни-
верситета, г. Екатеринбург Гавриков Алексей Александрович, кандидат исторических наук, преподава-
тель кафедры истории и методики Иркутского государственного университета, г. Иркутск
Ду Наталья Владимировна, старший преподаватель кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Ефимова Сардана Кимовна, старший преподаватель кафедры восточных языков и страноведения Института зарубежной филологии и регионоведения СевероВосточного федерального университета им. М.К. Аммосова, Республика Саха (Якутия), г. Якутск
Караев Борис Александрович, старший преподаватель кафедры востоковедения, сотрудник Центра японских исследований Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Климова Татьяна Сергеевна, студентка кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Князев Александр Алексеевич, доктор исторических наук, профессор, действительный член Русского географического общества, член Экспертного совета Санкт-Петербургского регионального информационно-аналитического центра Российского института стратегических исследований, г. Алма-Ата.
Кузьмин Вадим Александрович, доктор исторических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, Заслуженный работник высшей школы РФ, г. Екатеринбург
Кузьмин Сергей Владимирович, писатель, поэт, номинант премий «Поэт года 2014», «Писатель года 2014», «Наследие-2015», лауреат премий конкурса
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«Пламенеющаялилия»ипоэтическогомеждународногоконкурса«Восхождение», член Российского союза писателей, г. Екатеринбург.
Ланских Марина Леонидовна, магистрант кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Литвинцев Геннадий Михайлович, выпускник исторического факультета Уральского государственного университета, журналист, региональный представитель Международной гильдии писателей, г. Воронеж.
Лозовская Ксения Борисовна, ассистент кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Лю Яфэй (Yafei Liu), магистрант Гуандунского университета иностранных языков и внешней торговли, Гуанчжоу, Китай
Минако Кадои (Minako Kadoi), преподаватель кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
МироноваИринаЮрьевна,выпускницакафедрывостоковеденияУрФУ,старший преподаватель Европейского университета в Санкт-Петербурге, инженер-ис- следователь Института энергетических исследований РАН, г. Москва
Муратшина Ксения Геннадьевна, кандидат исторических наук, ассистент кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург Мухаметзянова-Дуггал Регина Массаровна, доктор политических наук, зав отделомрелигиоведенияИнститутаэтнологическихисследованийим.Р.Г.Кузеева
Уфимского научного центра РАН, г. Уфа Мухин Александр Александрович, кандидат филологических наук, и.о. заве-
дующего кафедрой восточных языков Астраханского государственного университета, г. Астрахань
Мышинский Алексей Леонидович, кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург Никольская Ксения Дмитриевна, кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры стран Южной Азии Института стран Азии и Африки МГУ им. М.В.
Ломоносова, г. Москва Новичков Василий Сергеевич, аспирант кафедры востоковедения историче-
ского факультета Томского государственного университета, г. Томск Пономарева Светлана Альбертовна, аспирантка кафедры всеобщей истории
Сибирского федерального университета, г. Красноярск Оганова Елена Александровна, кандидат филологических наук, доцент ка-
федры тюркской филологии Института стран Азии и Африки МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва
Румянцев Владимир Петрович, доктор исторических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой новой, новейшей истории и международных отношений Томского государственного университета, г. Томск
Сарабьев Алексей Викторович, кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник Центра арабских и исламских исследований Института Востоковедения РАН, г. Москва
Смирнов Сергей Викторович, кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
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Соколов Николай Владимирович, директор Центра Арабских исследований УрФУ, магистрант кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Суровень Дмитрий Александрович, кандидат исторических наук, доцент Уральской государственной юридической академии, г. Екатеринбург
Сухов Николай Вадимович, кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник Центра арабских и исламских исследований Института Востоковедения РАН, г. Москва
Фельдман Михаил Аркадьевич, доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры государственного управления и политических технологий Уральского института – филиала Академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы, г. Екатеринбург
Хренов Валентин Валерьевич, кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Чамовских Мария Юрьевна, ассистент кафедры востоковедения Уральского федерального университета, г. Екатеринбург
Чжу Хайлун (Zhu Hai-long), PhD, доцент юридического факультета Гуандунского университета иностранных языков и внешней торговли, Гуанчжоу, Китай
Чжу Юйфу, доктор филологических наук, декан факультета русского языка, кафедр русского языка Института иностранных языков Цюйфуского педагогического университета, Цюйфу, округ Цзинин, провинция Шаньдун, Китай.
Эпштейн Алек (Александр) Давидович, доктор социологических наук, старший научный редактор Электронной еврейской энциклопедии (г. Иерусалим, Израиль), эксперт Института Ближнего Востока (г. Москва).
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SUMMARY
THE 70THANNIVERSARY OFTHE GREAT VICTORY
FeldmanM.A.BetweentheWars:“EasternPolicy”ofRussiathroughtheEyesofaHistorian at the Front
The article is devoted to analysis of the various sides of the interaction of ideology and foreign policy of Russia in the decades preceding the First world war. For example, re books Crassatella shows the danger of the influence of militarism on the foreign policy response-ski the course of the country. The role of specific commanders and diplomats in the preparation of aggression against Turkey. The connection of events associated with the organization of the Bosphorus operations and the approach of the First world war.
Key words: Russia, foreign policy, the Bosphorus, airborne operation, diplomats, military.
Chamovskih М. Y. Japan’s Image in the Soviet Propaganda in 1920s-1930s
The article is devoted to the analysis of Japan’s image in the Soviet Union in 1920s-1930s, generated by the Soviet propaganda and broadcasted by periodicals and program documents of the Party.Transformation of Japan’s image from neutral to overt hostile can be traced in the context of change of the international situation as well as in connection with specific foreign policy objectives, posed by the Soviet government.
Key words: Japan, USSR, image, propaganda, foreign policy.
Kuzmin V. A. The Reaction in Asia to Open the Second Front in Europe in the Summer of 1944
On the basis of archival documents of the British political intelligence the article deals the question of what kind of reaction inTurkey, Egypt and Japan has caused the opening of the Second Front in Europe by theAnglo-AmericanAllies in the summer of 1944.
Key words: Second World War, the Second front, theAllies, Turkey, Egypt, Japan.
Smirnov S. V. August 1945 in the West Manchuria:
The article is devoted to the events of the Soviet-Japanese war inAugust 1945 in Manchuria. Based on declassified archival materials of the Soviet KGB, the author shows examples of the participation of Russian émigré guerilla detachments and units of the self-protection in the war, where the majority of emigrants supported the Soviet Union.
Key words: Russian emigration, the Soviet-Japanese war, Manchuria, Russian guerilla detachments.
Antoshin A. V. “Live Long Josef Stalin!” Ideological Quest of Russian émigrés in North Africa after World War II
The article is devoted to phenomenon of “Soviet patriotism” among Russian émigrés in Northern Africa in 1945 – 1947. The bases of this study are materials of “Soviet patriot” newspaper published in Paris. The author characterizes special characteristics of psychological attitudes of soviet patriots, shows historical conditions for the formation of this phenomenon in French Northern Africa. The author stresses that World War II plaid the most important role in thisprocess.Thearticlepaysattentiontospecialcharacteristicsofsocialbaseof“sovietpatriots” inAlgeria, Morocco and Tunisia. The author also shows a role of Soviet diplomats in activity of “soviet patriots”.
Key words: Russian emigration, Soviet patriotism, Northern Africa, repatriation to Soviet Union.
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EASTASIA
Suroven D. A. Detour of Subject Territories by Sovereign Homuda at the Beginning of the 5th century
In this article, data of the central and local sources on a detour of subject territories by sovereign Homuda (known under a posthumous name Ōjin, 391 – end of 414 / beginning of 415 AD [the corrected chronology]) in Tajima, Harima, Akashi areas, on the island Awaji, made in 402 [the corrected chronology], and about departure of this monarch in areaYoshino in 408 [the corrected chronology] are collected and analyzed. The way of the movement and events which occurred during this period is tracked. Materials about administrative-territorial division of these territories and appointment of territorial officials there are analyzed.
Key words: ancient Japan, Yamato, the sovereign Homuda, Ōjin, a detour of territories, a kuni-mi ceremony (“watching the country”), Tajima, Harima, Akashi, Awaji, Yoshino, administrative-territorial division, positions in territorial administration, mitsukai (“monarchic messengers”), emishi, «Nihon-shoki», fudoki, «Harima-fudoki», «Shinsen-shōji-roku», «Kujihonki», «Shoku-nihon-koki».
Gavrikov A. A. The Challenges of Foreign Ecclesiastical Mission of the Russian Orthodox Church in the East in the Speech of St. Nicholas, Uttered When Naming Him to the Rank of Bishop
The Speech of St. Nicholas, uttered in 1880 when naming him to the rank of Bishop, became an important historical source. It not only highlights the problems of foreign ecclesiastical mission of the Russian Orthodox Church of the second half of the XIX century, but the problems as well, standing before it and their solutions.
Key words: St. Nicholas, the Russian Orthodox Church, the foreign ecclesiastical mission of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Orthodoxy in Japan, the Orthodoxy in the East.
Mironova I. Y. Perspectives for the Asia Pacific Gas Market Development: Strategic and InstitutionalAspects
The article looks at the perspectives for gas market development in the Asia Pacific region. The author uses the four-stage model of gas market development as well as gas market integration model. The article discusses problems and perspectives for the development of gas hubs in China, Japan and Singapore and makes conclusions concerning the realistic scenarios of marketbased gas trade in the region.
Key words: natural gas, Asia Pacific region, regional market, integration, competition, China, Japan, Singapore.
Muratshina K. G. Challenges ofTransboundaryWater Objects Use in Russian-Chinese relations
The use of transboundary water objects is becoming one of the most serious problems on the agenda of Russian-Chinese relations. The PRC, while using its segment of transboundary rivers, has turned to unilateral actions which can bring serious ecological and economical damage to Russian side. The author attempts to trace the development of this issue, its ecological and legal aspects.Avariety of bilateral documents and media is analysed.
Key words: Russia, China, bilateral cooperation, transboundary water objects, ecological problems.
Khrenov V. V. “New IslamicWave”:The Muslims of the Republic of Korea in the Beginning of 21st century
In the last decades South Korean society endured considerable changes not only in an economic, cultural and political, but also a confessional aspect of Koreans’life. The muslims living in the Republic of Korea get playing a more important role in Korean society. Here in the article
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we will try to examine the extent of this country islamisation, and to reveal a tendency of this process developing in the future.
Key words: Islam; Muslims, Republik of Korea, migration.
Novichkov V. S. Concerning the Problem of Terrorism and Religious Extremism in the XUAR of the PRC
This article considers one of the pressing issues the Central Government of the PRC confronts with nowadays in the XUAR – the intensification of terrorist activity and the reinforcement of religious extremism there.There take place some tendencies of interpenetration between these things and local separatism along with nationalistic ideas of the Uyghur people, which tend to assume more and more radical religious complexion, also terror becomes one of the ultimate ways to achieve goals. This serious factor leads to destabilization the situation in the XUAR, moreover the scale of this problem also threatens the regional security in the CentralAsia.
Key words: terrorism, religious extremism, the Uyghur people, the XUAR of the PRC, «The East Turkestan Islamic Movement».
ZHUHai-long.ValuableAnalysisaboutBenevolence,Etiquette,BeliefofChineseConfucian Moral Culture
Benevolence, etiquette and belief are central concepts of Chinese Confucian moral culture, and they exist in the way of valuable interaction. In fact, benevolence, etiquette and belief bring the comprehensive moral nutrition. Therefore, the analysis of them is enforcement in understanding in their importance and new moral enlightenment for current society.
K e y w o r d s : the Confucian, benevolence, etiquette, belief, moral.
SOUTHASIA
Mukhametzyanova-Duggal R. M. Policy in Respect of the Religious Minorities in India The article deals with the experience of the Indian state policy in respect of the religious minorities, identify the features of the policy, depending on the political forces are in power (the Indian National Congress, the Bharatiya Janata Party). Analyzes the legal status and socio-economic situation of religious minorities. Particular attention is paid to the policy of positive discrimination (the system of reservation of seats in government offices and educational institutions for the backward sections of the population, including minorities), as well as special
government measures to improve the socio-economic level of religious minorities.
Key words: religious minorities, the policy of positive discrimination, the Indian National Congress, the Bharatiya Janata Party, India.
Nikolskaya K. D. Indian Motives in German Romantic Literature: The Origins of Fairy Tale Wilhelm Hauff’s “Little Longnose”
The article analyses possible connections between famous Wilhelm Hauff’s fairytale “Little Longnose” (“Der Zwerg Nase”) and the love story between Damayanti and King Nala in the “Mahabharata”. The analysis of both stories demonstrates presence of certain parallels which are unlikely to be explained by coincidence. The history of translations and learning part III of the “Mahabharata” book in Europe leads us to assume that the story line of Damayanti and Nala could be familiar to W. Hauff and therefore could affect the forming of the plot in one of his fairytales.
Key words: Mahabharata, Sanskrit, translations, German Romanticism, fairy tale, Wilhelm Hauff.
MIDDLE EAST
AlekD.Epstein.AndreiGromykoandSoviet-IsraeliDiplomacyintheAbsenceofDiplomatic
Relations, 1967–1985
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Today, the Russian Federation and the State of Israel maintain solid and stable diplomatic relations. However, things have not always been like this: during the Soviet era, the USSR and Israel broke diplomatic ties twice, and while in 1953 this only lasted for a couple of months, after 1967 it took almost a quarter of a century to reestablish their relations. There are a lot of sources available to researchers regarding the Soviet-Israeli relations in 1948–1967, but there does not exist a single comprehensive piece of research dedicated to their bilateral communication in the absence diplomatic ties, and there is no collection of relevant documents either. The aim of the present article is to partially fill this gap. The story and its analysis revolves around the personality ofAndrei Gromyko (1909–1989), who served as the head of Russian diplomacy for three decades. The article is based on documents and memoirs, mostly translated from Hebrew and found in archives, that have never been used in research before. The analysis shows that at different times, A.A. Gromyko’s attitude towards the Jewish state varied dramatically, and his views cannot be presented from a single perspective. A.A. Gromyko was an outstanding expert onbilateralrelationsintheglobalcontext,whichmadeitpossibleforthetwocountriestosustain a mutually acceptable political dialog even in the absence of official diplomatic ties.
Key words: Middle East, USSR and the Arab-Israeli conflict, Cold War, Soviet-Israeli relations.
Agapov M. G. Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko – the Person, «Whose Name Every Israeli School-child Knows»
The article deals with the phenomenon of popularity of A.A. Gromyko in Israel in the late 1940s. In the discussion of the Palestine question in the United Nations in 1947–48s the Soviet Union encouraged the establishment of an independent Jewish state in the Middle East. As the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union, A.A. Gromyko gained in renown as a staunch defender of the Jewish people. He turned into the symbol of the Soviet support to young Jewish state for first Israeli generation.At that time A.A. Gromyko perhaps was the most popular foreign political figure in Israel.
Key words: Soviet Middle East policy, the Palestine question, A.A. Gromyko, United Nations (UN), Israel.
Rumyantsev V. P. The Problem of the Palestinian Refugees in the Policy Administration JF Kennedy (1961–1962)
This paper researches the position of the administration of John F. Kennedy towards the problem of the Palestinian refugees. In early of 1960s the United States attempted to develop a plan of the solution of this problem. The idea of resettlement of Palestinian refugees inArab and non-Arab countries that were prepared to accept these refugees, constituted the basis of the socalled “Johnson’s plan”. Counting on reciprocity fromTelAviv, the United States offered guided missiles “Hawk” to Israel. When Israel received the desired missiles, the government of David Ben-Gurion, however, did everything possible to failure the “Johnson’s plan”.
Kew words: the United States, Israel, Palestinian refugees, John F. Kennedy, David Ben-Gurion.
SarabyevA. V. Сalifatists versus “National-Oriented” Islamists:Towards the Setting of Issue Current califate projects replacing each other are being implemented more and more insistently. Each new “recension” has got its specific features in their own understanding and applyingtakfir, leading the jihad, and based on their peculiar ideological and religious authorities. Frequently there occur contradictions with other supporters of a caliphate or global jihad ideas. But the main opponent of califate ideology is “nationally oriented” Islamism. Being well-organized and formidableforce,thosediversegroupsofsuchadirectionputtheirproblemsincloseconnectionwiththe
principles of the nation-state, and at this point they radically diverge from califatists. Key words: Islamism, califatizm, jihadism, inter-muslim relationship.
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Valiakhmetova G. N., Klimova T. S. Superhero-Muslims: Comics vs Islamophobia and Radical Islamism
The appearance of Muslims as main characters in popular comics brings very inconsistent reactionsinpoliticalandsocialareasin theWestandtheIslamicWorld.Theanalysisofstoriesin comic books which were made in the USAand Muslim states brings to a conclusion of comics’ important role in a fight with islamophobia and radical Islamism, despite a constant misunderstanding between two “worlds”.
Key words: Islam, Islamism, Islamophobia, radicalism, comic book, information war.
AFRICA
Vozchikov D. V. Prester John’s Kingdom or a Heretic Stronghold? Christian Africa in Venetian Intellectuals’Accounts
The article observes the images of Christian Nubia and Ethiopia in the treatises, written by the Venetian authors of the 14th and 15th centuries. The research is based on such sources as Marino Sanudo the Elder’s «Book of the Faithful of the Cross» and Francesco Suriano’s «Treatise on the Holy Land», it traces the evolution of the Venetian imagery about the remote region of the Oriental Christianinty during the above-mentioned period. The author of the paper focuses on the ambivalence of the portraits of the «black Christians» on different levels of perception: geographical, cultural, religious and visual. This article also considers how the imageryofChristianAfricaintheworksoftheVenetiandignitaries,travellersanddiplomatswas influenced by the current political objectives of the «Serenissima».
Key words: the Republic of Venice, Marino Sanudo the Elder, the history of Ethiopia, the history of Sudan, medieval Nubia.
Sukhov N. V. Emigration from Russia to Morocco in ХХth century
The Kingdom of Morocco has become one of the centers for the Russian emigrants outside Europe in the 20th century.All the three migration waves from Russia: after the Russian revolution then after the World War II and the gender migration nowadays, which started at the sixties of the last century, are vividly represented in this country.This article builds a picture of the acculturation and integration of the Russian emigrants in the colonial and local Moroccan societies based on a review of hundreds of their life stories. It is also concerned the processes of the building and selforganisation of the Russian community in Morocco. We paid attention to the Russian-Moroccan humanitarianties,whichhadapositiveimageoftheRussiansasaresultandbecameagoodground for the contemporary bilateral political, economic and cultural relations.
Key words: Russia, Morocco, Russian emigration, humanitarian international relations.
PRIMARY SOURCES
Èrshísì Xiào: “The Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety” / Interpreters: A. L. Myshinskiy, Zhu Yufu (Republic of China)
This is a Russian translation of “Twenty-four Filial Exemplars” (“TheTwenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety”, Chinese: Èrshísì Xiào), a classic text of Confucian filial piety written by Guo Jujing () during theYuan dynasty (1260–1368). The text was extremely influential in the mediaeval Far East and was used to teach Confucian moral values.
Key words: education, Twenty-four Filial Exemplars, The Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety, Èrshísì Xiào, Confucian filial piety, Guo Jujing ( ), Yuan dynasty, Confucian moral values.
Ponomareva S. A. «New» Document about Embassy of the Count Golovkin to China in 1805. The article contains a translation into Russian of the brochure by an anonymous author «Die russische Gesandtschaft nach China im Jahr 1805», which waspublished in German in 1809. The
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