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5. Выполните синхронный перевод выступления:

PRESENTATION AT WORKSHOP ON TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION (Some Legal Aspects of Intellectual Property Protection Involving the Law and Physics)

Part 3

In the cross-examination by Disney's lawyer, Schubin addressed what I shall call the physics of invention.

"Many inventions", he testified, "are the result of epiphanies1, breakthroughs; things that suddenly occur. The microwave oven, for example".

"Someone was walking through a laboratory with a chocolate bar in his shirt pocket and the chocolate bar got soft. Presto, we had the microwave oven. Was that guy trying to invent the microwave oven? Absolutely not".

"You don't make a breakthrough", said Schubin. "Breakthroughs happen. That is why they are breakthroughs".

Schubin was asked: Q. Just like magic? A. Yes, very much.

Of course, magic is the stuff of Fantasia, and of Disney.

A breakthrough by Charles Anderson of Ampex in the 1950's permitted the recording of video on magnetic tape. While the principles of wide-

л

band FM were well known in the 1930's, it was a narrow, heightened

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FM signal that permitted video recording between TV and the VCR.

People who were knowledgeable about the technology in 1939 might not have expected home video, but Schubin said they couldn't have expected it. "The FM breakthrough was completely contrary to text book principles". "People might imagine that the future will get better, that the future will get worse, but there was no basis whatsoever to anticipate home video".

Was home video contemplated in 1939? Were not there precursors or origins of home video that were known in 1939?

What is the nature of invention? Is it a teleological process or is it episodic, punctuated by epiphanies? Do we look at the wave or only the peaks?

In effect, what is the physics of inventions?

Today, parties are careful in describing the rights under a copyright being licensed or transferred to make it include the following language in a grant of rights:

...the right to reproduce the work, to distribute it, to create derivative works, to publish and republish it an unlimited number of times in any publication formats or media, including all electronic media and any other media now known or hereafter invented, and the right to sublicense any or all of the rights granted in this Agreement.

Unfortunately, I cannot tell the end of this story. The Orchestra and Disney settled the case at trial. And the parties - and their lawyers - are sworn to secrecy.

Комментарий и словарь

          1. Epiphany - зд.: прозрение (либо явление чего-то сверхъестественного), озарение.

          2. Wide-band FM - широкополосная частотная модуляция.

          3. Heightened FM signal - усиленный коротковолновый сигнал.

6. Переведите текст выступления последовательно.

УРОК 19

            1. Прослушайте, запишите и воспроизведите на русском языке следующие прецизионные слова:

Monday, 34 876, Jeffrey, September, Surinam, March 19, 1949; tel.: (8334) 75-12-32, Wednesday, 6 003 402, Dennis, July, Taurida, October 21, 1962; tel.: 434-56-73, Thursday, 87 000 342 015, William, February, Timor, June 17, 1697; tel.: (8-823) 45-32-12-78, Tuesday, 308 000 405 005, Richard, January, Tunisia, August 23, 1814; tel.: (8482) 70-06-00- 56.

            1. Прослушайте следующий текст полностью, обращая особое внимание на прецизионную лексику. Переведите текст на русский язык:

Permskaya oblast is considered to be the main supplier of mineral fertilizers and accounts for 28% of the total market. Situated in this region are PA "Uralkalii" and PA "Silvinit", which provide 12.3% and 11.2%, respectively. Regions such as Tulskaya, Samarskaya, Moskovskaya and Vologodskaya oblasts share 5.9-7.2% of the rest of the market. A clear decline in production over the last three years was seen in Moskovskaya and Vologodskaya oblasts, but production of mineral fertilizers in Permskaya and Samarskaya oblasts decreased less than the average Russia production decrease. In the period of January-May 1992, while regional monopolist enterprises cut back production, Bereznikovskoe PA "Azot" expanded production by 27%. PA "Uralkalii" produced 61% of the supply of fertilizers and reduced its output by 37% in the period of January-October 1992. Sayansk PA "Khimprom" and Kazan PA "Orgsintez", which respectively supplied 44% and 48% of the polyvinylchloride and polyethylene market, curtailed their production in this period and at the same time Kazan PA "Tasma" (100% of market in film production) reduced its production by half.

From: The Impact of Transition on the Russian Regions" by Andreas Worgotter and Vsevolod Bulantsev