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3.2. Translate the sentences.

  1. Лучше всего я знаю английский.

  2. Я знаю английский лучше всех.

  3. Сейчас я вижу яснее.

  4. Я вел машину аккуратнее, чем Джон.

  5. Я прибыл быстрее, чем ты.

  6. Джон знал предмет хуже всех.

  7. Джефф поднялся раньше всех.

  8. В этом случае артикль используется чаще.

  9. Чаще всего артикль используется в следующих случаях.

  10. Это слово употребляется чаще.

  11. Здесь вы можете купить фрукты дешевле.

  12. Мы продаем свой товар дешевле всех.

UNIT 4 ADJECTIVES OR ADVERBS?

Sometimes a word is recognized as an adjective or an adverb by its function: an adjective modifies mostly a noun or pronoun and an adverb modifies mostly a verb: Are you a quiet (adj) person? Do you speak quietly (adv)?

Some adjectives and adverbs are recognized by their form: quiet (adj) and quietly (adv). Yet the difference between these two parts of speech is not clear-cut.

1. The same form for adjectives and adverbs

Some adverbs of manner and time have the same form as adjectives (See also Unit 1):

a) Some derived adjectives like adverbs end in –ly: lovely, lively, orderly, friendly, daily, monthly, likely. (Cf.: It was his daily duty and Most newspapers appear daily; It is a likely excuse and The rain is likely to stop.)

b) A few simple words like fast, slow, deep, early, late, well, long, hard, right, wrong, high function as either adverbs or adjectives depending on what they modify:

Adjective Adverb

a fast train (modifies train) he ran fast (modifies ran)

a slow watch (modifies watch) go slow (modifies go)

an early bird (modifies bird) she came early (modifies came)

a well child (modifies child) she played well (modifies played)

a hard chair (modifies chair) she works hard (modifies works)

the late student (modifies student) they slept late (modifies slept)

2. Adverbs with double forms

There are some adverbs that have two forms – one with –ly ending and one without the –ly ending. Usually the longer form with –ly is preferred, especially for writing: Don’t talk so loud/loudly. She buys her clothes cheap/cheaply. The shortened form is more likely to be used in speaking informally. Examples of these adverbs are:

direct – directly slow – slowly

tight – tightly close – closely

clear – clearly cheap – cheaply

3. Using adjectives after linking and perception verbs

Linking verbs (to be, become, appear, seem, look) and the verbs of sense (taste, smell, etc.) are followed by adjectives (not adverbs!): This peach is/looks/tastes so sweet/good/wonderful. All is well that ends well. I am very well today, and you?

4. Using good and well

1) Use the adjective good to mean “better than average”: We had a good time.

BUT: Use the adverb well to mean “in a good way”: No one slept very well.

2) Use the adjective well after the verb to be to mean “in good health”, “comfortable”: I am well.

BUT: Use the adjective good/bad after the verb to feel: I feel good/bad. It feels good.

NOTE that the linking verb feel requires the adjective well to mean ‘to be satisfactory’ and ‘well-dressed’: She feels well in that suit.

E x e r c i s e s

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