Conversational theme № 6

I. Read, translate and learn the text

Sanitary rules

International Sanitary rules were adopted in 1926 by the International Sanitary Convention. Further they were changed, specified and adopted in 1969 by the International Health Organisation and they are in force up till now.

Sanitary regime control observation is realized by the coastal state on the international rules basis.

International Sanitary rules are introduced in either count­ry by the correspondent act of the Health department.

If any foreign vessel doesn't fulfil sanitary rules regime then she cannot be detained in the port with the exception of time necessary for compulsory or forced sanitary treatment in case of yellow fever. The vessel can leave the port but during the whole period of voyage she cannot call at any other port of the same state sanitary rules of which had been broken by her.

Sanitary inspection of the vessels is conducted round the clock at the berth and only in the special cases in the roadstead. When ill man on board, lack of water, food, fuel, etc.

Pumping out of the ballast waters in the port water area is conducted only with the permission of the Sanitary Service. After washing the holds, water can be pumped out only with the permission of Sanitary Quarantine Service.

All Sanitary operations are registered in the special book and sanitary certificate is given in case when all requirements are observed.

Isolation of ill persons, prohibition on import or export of certain cargoes, disinfection, deratisation are maintained in the interests of all countries and nations.

II. NОТЕS

compulsory - обязательный

yellow fever - лихорадка

round the clock - круглосуточно

prohibition - запрет

specify - точно определять

III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

I. What rules are in force up till now?

2. Who realized control for observation of the sanitary regime?

3. Can the ship be detained if she doesn't fulfill sanitary rules regime?

4. Where does the captain register all sanitary operations?

5. Does the ship need permission for pumping out ballast waters?

Conversational theme № 7

I. Read, translate and learn the text

Fire prevention measures

Fire prevention measures of ships are provided by its const­ructive, Organisational and technical aspects and also by adequate actions of the crew in their fight with fire. It is noted that considerable per cent of fire accidents is connected with the exp­losion and ignition of light type fuel. Explosions of hydraulic systems, short circuits, defects in electrical equipment have also high frequency. Usually fire in the engine-room is the result of lubricants ignition in the bearings of the main and auxiliary mechanisms.

The other type of "thermal" accidents takes place because of the open fire that is because of sparks during welding process. But we mustn't forget about negligency of the crew or ship buil­der's shortcomings. It is necessary to observe requirements on storage of dangerous materials. Holds should be dry and clean with appropriate ventilation. Paints must have low thermal conductivity with the aim to lessen the spreading speed of fire.

Inflammable materials must have inscription and marking, be checked periodically on validity and expiration date, leakage, tig­htness of cover and so on. It is compulsory for every ship to have highly efficient fire extinguishing systems and also individual breathing apparatus, means for hands protection, in a word everything that is necessary to save life of every man at sea.

II. NOTES:

Short circuit - короткое замыкание

bearings - подшипники

ignition - возгорание

sparks - искры

welding - сварка

shortcomings - недостатки

validity - пригодность

expiration date - истечение срока годности

extinguishing systems - системы огнетушения

extinguisher - огнетушитель

2. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What is the main reason of fire on board a ship?

2. What measures can we- take to lessen the spreading speed of fire?

3. Why is it necessary to have markings and inscriptions on in­ flammable goods?

4. What is compulsory to have on board every ship?

5. How do builders shortcomings influence on origin of fire?