Conversational theme № 26

I. Read, translate and learn the text:

The pilot

Pilots or Sailing Directions are published by British Admiralty for the whole world and amount more than seventy volumes

Every volume is reprinted in 10-12 years. It includes in itself all the material collected from the date of the previous edition on the given area which may be published as a supplement to the Pilot during the above-mentioned period. The foreword of the volume points out the last number of the Notices to Mariners according to which it had been corrected and passed for printing.

Description of the definite sea may be published in one or several books or vice versa several seas may be described in one book.

Selection of pilots is realised on the basis of Directory of Admiralty charts and other hydrographic publications on the last list № 5600 «The world Index of Admiralty Sailing Directions».

The Pilot consists of introduction, Bibliography, Contents, List of Views, Glossary, System of Orthography, Information relating to Admiralty charts and Publications, General Navigation and General Meteorology.

Navigational description is divided into Chapters reproducing in geographical sequence separate areas of the sea.

As a rule chapter one contains general remarks: Trade; Production and Industry; Currency, Weights and measures, Ports, Harbours, Communications, canals, Shipping, government etc.

Coast, depths, anchorage, dangers, lights, currents, tides, buoyage system are given in chapter two.

General regulations represent all extracts as to entry ports, Quarantine rules, By laws, in a word all additional information for movement of ships.

These regulations are adopted by the International Convention. Local regulations are issued by port authorities. These local regulations prescribe the ship certain actions while entering, leaving and staying in the port. They are also aimed at the safety of ships in a given port.

Without doubt pilot is one of the most important nautical publications which - gives us detailed narration, remarks instructions and cautions relating to Practical Navigation.

II. NOTES:

Sailing Directions – лоция

Geographical sequence – в географической последовательности

Previous edition – предыдущее издание

Volume – том

By-laws – постановление местных властей

III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What do we need the Pilot for?

2. Why do we read description of the definite sea?

3. What does the Pilot contain?

4. Who published Sailing Directions?

5. Did you read any Pilot?

Conversational theme № 27

I. Read, translate and learn the text:

Passage planning

Passage planning from berth to berth is an essential navigational discipline. The purpose of passage planning is to ensure positive control over the safe navigation of the ship at all times.

For ferries, liner and other vessels engaged on regular passages, the passage plan was established for normal operating conditions and only the variable items like weather and tidal information will need to be updated. If, however, the vessel changes route or the officers change, then thorough briefings will need to take place.

For the majority of ships visiting different ports, the process of planning must be given due consideration. Early advice about the intended voyage may come from a variety of sources and frequently the master will need to provide a voyage itinerary quickly, covering distances, times and restrictions for provisional cargo bookings. Once the intended voyage has been confirmed, planning will commence in detail. The master should discuss an outline route with the navigation officer. The appraisal process will then take place, during which all relevant information will be collected from sources.

Information sources for passage planning include:

1. Chart catalogue.

2. Navigational charts.

3. Ocean passages for the world.

4. Routeing charts, pilot charts and IМО Ship's Routeing.

5. Sailing directions and pilot books.

6. Light lists.

7. Tide tables

8. Tidal stream atlases.

9. Notices to Mariners (Navareas, Hydrolants, Hydropacs).

10. Radio signal information (including VTS and pilot service).

11. Climatic information, meteorological and oceanographic data. Weather, seastate and ice forecasts.

12. Loadline chart.

13. Distance tables.

14. Electronic navigational systems information.

15. Radio and local warnings.

16. Owner's and other unpublished sources.

17. Manoeuvering data.

18. Personal experience.

19. Mariner’s Handbook.

20. Guide to Port Entry.

Vessel's status reports needed for passage planning include:

1. Main propulsion system.

2. Steering gear.

3. Navigational equipment.

4. Anchors.

5. Thrusters.

6. Auxiliaries.

7. Trim and draught of vessel and air draught.

8. Transverse stability.

9. The availability of manpower.

2. NOTES:

incorporate – объединять, включать, присоединять, соединять

fairlead - киповая планка, полуклюз

thrusters – подруливающее устройство

transverse stability – поперечная остойчивость

resilience – упругость, эластичность, ударная вязкость

cable – канат, якорная цепь, швартов, кабельтов

III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What is essential for navigational discipline?

2. What is the purpose of passage planning?

3. Why do we need voyage itinerary?

4. What should the master discuss?

5. Where do navigators obtain necessary information?