III. Language

Exercise 7. Find in the text and put down English equivalents to the following word combinations:

Наочна виразність, візуальне мистецтво, невишуканий малюнок, інструменти для малювання, забезпечення для малювання, тимчасові малюнки, фундаментальні засоби суспільного вираження, традиційні малюнки, сухі (рідкі) засоби, аркуші паперу для тренування, малюнки зроблені чорнилом, перехресне штрихування, переривчасте штрихування, технічні ескізи.

Exercise 8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. A quick, unrefined drawing may be called a … .

(painting, sketch, seascape)

2. Drawing makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a .. medium.

(two-dimensional, three-dimensional, stylus)

3. An artist who works in drawing may be called a …. .

(draftsman, sculptor, painter )

4. The stroke of the drawing … can be used to control the appearance of the image.

(cardboard, tone, implement)

5. … media such as chalk may be used in pastel paintings.

(liquid, dry, various )

Exercise 9. Make up the possible word combinations out of the following and translate them:

1. to mark 2. to work on 3. to create 4. to involve 5. to follow 6. to determine 7. to apply 8. to produce 9. to control

a. the application of liquid paint b. the contour of the subject c. value and texture d. an image e. the implement f. various effects g. the appearance of the image h. a darker tone i. a medium

Exercise 10. Match the definitions to the terms in the left column:

1. Ink drawing 2. Cross-hatching 3. Broken hatching 4.Stippling 5.Sketch drawing

a) is used to form lighter tones. b) means that with pencils and drawing sticks continuous variations in tone can be achieved. c) uses hatching in two or more different directions to create a darker tone. d) uses dots to produce tone, texture or shade. e) uses hatching, which consists of group of parallel lines.

IV. Text understanding

Exercise 11. Agree or disagree with the statements. Correct the false statements.

Agreement: I agree with you; You are right; Certainly; Exactly so ; I fully support you

Disagreement: I can’t agree with you; I am afraid you are mistaken; Not quite so; This is not true; I disagree with the statement that…

1. There are some categories of drawing.

2. Paper is the only common support for drawing.

3. Drawing is the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas.

4. In Western terminology drawing isn’t distinct from painting.

5. Dry media such as chalk may be used in pastel paintings.

6. Drawing is also regularly used in preparation for a painting.

7. The different drawing tools can be tried on practice sheets to determine value and texture

Exercise 12. Answer the questions:

1.What is drawing?

2. What drawing instruments are used to mark a two-dimensional medium?

3. What makes drawing more universal than most other media?

4. What is the difference between traditional and modern drawings?

5. Is there any difference between a drawing and a painting?

6. Why are different drawing implements tried on practice sheets?

7. How is drawing used outside art?