Unit 15 Keep Your Clothes in Good Condition

It is very important to know, how to take care of clothes, which you wear every day. Everyone has to know that clothes need good care, good drying and good washing. Every item of clothes has its own methods of keeping it in good condition. When you buy clothes in fashionable shops, look on the label about how to wash it, how to dry it, what temperature it needs. So, you have to learn wash and bleach symbols, water temperature.

Except wash and bleach symbols, the label of every cloth item should locate information on dry and iron symbols. These symbols are in the form of little iron, clothes washer. If the laundry washer is crossed, it means that it is prohibited to wash your cloth item in the laundry washer. So, you have to wash it by hands and dry on the fresh air. But if clothes washer is not crossed, you can wash it in the machine.

If you want your white clothes to be always white, use bleach. If it is allowed to bleach your cloth material, you will read it at wash and bleach symbols. But if you have colourful clothes, don't use bleach for them, because you will spoil their structure.

It is very simple, of course, to have one's tailor or cleaning establishment so skillfully press, steam, or dry clean our coats, suits, and gowns that they are transformed to almost original newness, but equally important are routine details in their daily care. Clothes-hangers, a spot remover, mending tissue, paper or cloth bags for covering clothes when hanging and an assortment of coloured threads for mending are all important factors of beauty in dress.

Learn how to take care of your clothes, and you will look fascinating every day in every item of cloth.

Unit 16 Joint-venture cheksyl

Worsted and Carded Company CHEKSYL is one of the largest European manufacturers of wool fabrics. The mill and the office of the company are situated in the ancient Ukrainian city of Chernygiv.

The company has available an up-to-date recently renewed textile machinery park which represents a fully vertical wool textile production – from topmaking to finishing – as well as the necessary technologies, that allow manufacturing of most advanced textile products. Annual production and sales capacities nowadays are up to 5 million running meters of fabrics.

They manufacture both worsted and carded fabrics for various types of garments: suits, jackets, trousers, skirts and coats, both for men’s and for ladies’ fashion, as well as for military and corporate uniform.

Their designers demonstrate a clear understanding of latest fashion trends, with the proper attention and commitment to participate in the mutual cooperation with every customer, developing the desired assortment according to samples presented by the customer.

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Texts for additional reading History of Clothes

Clothing is defined, in its broadest sense, as coverings for the torso and limbs as well as coverings for the hands (gloves), feet (socks, shoes, sandals, and boots) and head (hats, caps). People almost universally wear clothing, which is also known as dress, garments, attire, or apparel. People wear clothing for functional as well as for social reasons. Clothing protects the vulnerable nude human body from the extremes of weather, other features of our environment, and for safety reasons. Every article of clothing also carries a cultural and social meaning. Human beings are the only mammals known to wear clothing, with the exception of human pets clothed by their owners.

Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses, canes, and umbrellas) are normally counted as fashion accessories rather than as clothing. Jewelry and eyeglasses are usually counted as accessories as well, even though in common speech these items are described as being worn rather than carried.

21st Century Clothing

Western fashion has, to a certain extent, become international fashion, as Western media and styles penetrate all parts of the world. Very few parts of the world remain where people do not wear items of cheap, mass-produced Western clothing. Even people in poor countries can afford used clothing from richer Western countries.

However, people may wear ethnic or national dress on special occasions or if carrying out certain roles or occupations. For example, most Japanese women have adopted Western-style dress for daily wear, but will still wear silk kimonos on special occasions. Items of Western dress may also be worn or accessorized in distinctive, non-Western ways.

History

According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing probably consisted of fur, leather, leaves or grass, draped, wrapped or tied about the body for protection from the elements. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia, in 1988.

Since most humans have very sparse body hair, body lice require clothing to survive, so this suggests a surprisingly recent date for the invention of clothing. Its invention may have coincided with the spread of modern Homo sapiens from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. For now, the date of the origin of clothing remains unresolved. Some human cultures, such as the various peoples of the Arctic Circle, until recently have made their clothing entirely of furs and skins, cutting clothing to fit and decorating lavishly.

Other cultures have supplemented or replaced leather and skins with cloth: woven, knitted, or twined from various animal and vegetable fibres. See weaving, knitting, and twining.

Although modern consumers take clothing for granted, making the fabrics that go into clothing is not easy. One sign of this is that the textile industry was the first to be mechanized during the Industrial Revolution; before the invention of the powered loom, textile production was a tedious and labor-intensive process. Therefore, methods were developed for making most efficient use of textiles. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many peoples wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit — for example, the dhoti for men and the saris for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt or the Javanese sarong. The clothes may simply be tied up, as is the case of the first two garments; or pins or belts hold the garments in place, as in the case of the latter two. The precious cloth remains uncut, and people of various sizes or the same person at different sizes can wear the garment.

In the thousands of years that humans have spent constructing clothing, they have created an astonishing array of styles, many of which we can reconstruct from surviving garments, photos, paintings, mosaics, etc., as well as from written descriptions. Costume history serves as a source of inspiration to current fashion designers, as well as a topic of professional interest to costumers constructing for plays, films, television, and historical reenactment.