- •Т.В. Барамикова, л.П. Ільєнко, т.С. Макарська, м.В. Рогачова, н.Д. Ганчик, к.Б. Кугай, і.О. Нікіфорова, а.В. Спіжова Practical course of English
- •А.Е. Левицький
- •Н.М. Нестеренко
- •І.В. Каташинська
- •Передмова
- •Introduction
- •Recording by own voice
- •2. Read and translate the following text:
- •I am a student of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. True or false statements:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form:
- •2. Complete the sentences with:
- •3. Put the words into the correct word order:
- •4. Match the question words and answers:
- •5. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary. My family
- •2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. An ancient city древнє, стародавнє місто
- •2. Read and translate the following text: Kyiv
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •III Grammar Skills.
- •7. Use either the Simple Present or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Ask questions to the following answers:
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •2. Make up dialogues according to the model:
- •V Rendering.
- •A letter to a friend
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •The Present Progressive Tense
- •Вживання The Present Progressive Tense
- •2. Read and translate the text. Ukraine is my Homeland
- •4. Match the words:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •4. Complete the sentences with the verb “to write” in the appropriate form:
- •7. Make 16 pronouns and translate them:
- •9. Make sentences using when and the Past Continuous or the Past Simple of
- •10. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- •Contraction
- •The Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense
- •1. Form
- •Похідні від some, any, no
- •Used to
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text:
- •Introducing London
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •2. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple Tense and translate
- •3. Complete the sentences using the proper degree of comparison of adjectives:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Getting about London
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •Present Perfect / Past Indefinite
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Match the words:
- •5. True or false statements:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form:
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Put the words into correct word order:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Choose the correct form:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Make a plan in the form of questions.
- •Possessive case
- •Утворення
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Ask questions оn the points below and answer them:
- •5. Get ready to speak about the following:
- •6. Complete the sentences using the prepositions against, at, bу, for, in, оn, of, to where necessary:
- •7. Match the sentence parts:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Add "the " in the spaces where necessary:
- •2. Choose the correct form:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Put the words into correct word order:
- •6. Transform sentences into exclamations:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Complete the dialogue:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Who rules the country?
- •2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- •The Future Simple Tense
- •Exclamation sentences
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text: canada
- •3. Find the answers to the following questions:
- •4. Match the words:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •2. Choose the correct form: can, be able to, must, had to, could, may, be allowed to.
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •4. Listen to the text once again and answer the questions:
- •Can, may, must and their equivalents
- •Prepositions
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks:
- •3. Put the verb in brackets in an appropriate tense form:
- •4. Put the verb into the correct form:
- •5. Ask questions to which the following statements are the answers:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary:
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •Future Perfect
- •Questions
- •Question words
- •Tag – questions or Disjunctive questions.
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •II Reading skills.
- •Higher Education in Ukrainian Educational System
- •III Grammar skills.
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •V Rendering.
- •Higher Education in the usa
- •VI Comprehensive skills.
- •2. Listen to the text ‘Higher Education: Universities in Great Britain’ and try to understand it.
- •3. True or false sentences:
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •Light industry as it was and as it is
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form: active or passive.
- •2. Transform the following sentences from Active into Passive Voice.
- •3. Transform the following sentences from Passive into Active Voice.
- •4. Complete the sentences with by or with.
- •6. Put the verb into the correct form: Active or Passive Voice.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering
- •Information technologies in manufacturing
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in a form of questions.
- •Unit 11
- •Grammar: The Infinitive and the Infinitive constructions
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •1. Listen and repeat:
- •II Reading skills.
- •Engineering and Technological Progress
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •2) (Reading for an examination)
- •3) (At the examination)
- •V Rendering.
- •Automation
- •VI Comprehensive skills.
- •2. Listen to the text “My future speciality” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or False statements:
- •The Infinitive
- •The functions of The Infinitive
- •Предикативні інфінітивні звороти
- •3. Infinitive Construction introduced by the preposition for.
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Match the words:
- •6. True or false statements:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Put the words into correct word order:
- •4. Join the sentences using Participle I:
- •5. Choose the correct form:
- •6. Define the form of the gerund, using the table and translate the sentences:
- •IV Communicative skills
- •2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- •The form and functions of Participle II
- •I have my shoes mended in that shop. – я ремонтую туфлі у цій майстерні.
- •The Gerund
- •Unit 13
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Match the words that go together:
- •III Grammar Skills.
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •V Rendering.
- •On the importance of the conference
- •VI Comprehensive Skills.
- •3. True or false statements:
- •Direct and Reported Speech
- •Unit 14
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •1. Listen and repeat:
- •2. Listen and remember the following words and phrases:
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text. What is the Internet?
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •2. Put the verb into correct form Present Real or Present Unreal Conditional:
- •3. Transform the sentences using conditionals:
- •4. Complete the sentences in your own way using conditionals:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Arrange the utterances from the conversations in the logical order:
- •VI Comprehensive skills.
- •1. “If” показує, що ми не впевнені, чи відбудеться дія. “when” підкреслює типовість та регулярність дії.
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •2. Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •3. Put the words in the sentences into correct word order:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Ecological Problems
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •Compound sentences
- •Фонетичний довідник
- •Англійський алфавіт
- •Читання голосних Загальна характеристика голосних
- •Читання приголосних
- •Приголосні фонеми
- •Тексти для позакласного читання the english language
- •Why are many English words pronounced differently from the way they are spelt?
- •Kyivo-pecherska lavra
- •Museum of great patriotic war
- •Babyn yar
- •St. Sophia's cathedral
- •Andriyivsky descent
- •Folk architecture and life museum pyrohovo
- •St. Michael's golden-domed cathedral
- •Khreschatyk
- •City of London
- •Palace of westminster
- •Clock tower, palace of westminster
- •Trafalgar square
- •British museum
- •Parliament of the United Kingdom
- •Buckingham Palace
- •St Paul's Cathedral
- •Why do the British like going to the pub?
- •What is the most popular food in Britain?
- •What are the most common superstitions in Britain?
- •How do the British spend their leisure time?
- •How are the police organised?
- •When can the police carry guns?
- •What is the oldest university in Britain?
- •What are Britain's national costumes?
- •What is haggis?
- •Is it true that a lot of British dishes are named after places?
- •At what age do children go to school in Britain?
- •What are the different types of secondary school?
- •Why are ‘public’ schools so called?
- •Why does the Queen have two birthdays?
- •Why the heir to the throne is called the Prince of Wales?
- •How should one address someone with a title?
- •What powers does the Queen have?
- •Privy Council
- •Why doesn’t Britain have a written constitution?
- •What was the Magna Carta?
- •Why are Ambassadors sent to the Court of St. James’s?
- •How does Britain elect its government?
- •Devolution to Scotland and Wales
- •What are the origins of the names of the main political parties?
- •How is the Speaker chosen?
- •What is a ‘whip’ in Parliament?
- •Washington
- •American originals
- •Living in the usa
- •Canadian ways
- •Toronto
- •Ukrainians in canada
- •Australia. Land and people
- •People and culture
- •Aborigines
- •Australian ways
- •New zealand. Land and people
- •New zealand. Customs and traditions
- •Customs and traditions
- •Cambridge
- •American universities
- •Engineering as a profession
- •Fashion designers
- •Designer
- •Costume designer
- •Graphic design
- •Christian Dior Fashion Designer (1905-1957)
- •Coco Chanel
- •The 1st international scientific practical conference "artificial intelligence - 2000" september 11-16, 2000 katsiveli (crimea, ukraine)
- •The expocentre of ukraine
- •"Fabrics. Threads. Accessories"
- •Fta exhibition
- •Bbc world service
- •Prehistory of technologies
- •Tomas edison
- •Internet
- •History of the Internet
- •Internet café
- •Bill Gates
- •Balance of Nature
- •The Problem of pollution in Ukraine
- •Recycling
- •Англо-український словник a
- •Барамикова Тетяна Василівна
Present Perfect / Past Indefinite
|
1. I’ve lived in London for ten years. (=Я все ще мешкаю у Лондоні) 2. I lived in London for ten years. (= Я не мешкаю у Лондоні зараз)
|
Present Perfect завжди має зв’язок між минулим та теперішнім; у Past Indefinite мова йде лише про минуле. Past Indefinite вживається для вираження дії, яка почалася і закінчилась у минулому. |
|
1. He has lost the tickets to the British Museum (=Зараз у нього немає квитків)
2. He lost the tickets to the British Museum, but he has got them back. |
Present Perfect також вживається, коли результат минулої дії пов’язан з теперішнім часом. Past Indefinite вживається, коли результат минулої дії не пов’язаний з теперішнім часом. |
|
1. Have you ever been to the National Gallery?
2. I visited the National Gallery yesterday. |
Present Perfect вживається, коли мова йде про невизначений час, який триває до теперішнього періоду (ever, never, recently). Past Indefinite вживається, коли мова йде про певний минулий час (last week, yesterday, six years ago, etc.) |
|
1. When did you arrive last night? |
Звичайно, у питаннях з питальним словом when вживається Past Indefinite. |
|
1. I’ve walked in the Hyde Park this morning. (Зараз ще ранок)
2. I walked in the Hyde Park this morning. (Зараз може бути день, вечір або ніч) |
Можна вживати такі слова, як today, this morning, this afternoon і інші з Present Perfect, якщо зазначений період часу ще не скінчився. Past Indefinite вживається, якщо зазначений час вже скінчився. |
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
|
1. large-larger-the largest 2. small-smaller-the smallest 3. great-greater-the greatest
|
Односкладові прикметники утворюють ступені порівняння додаванням до основи прикметника закінчення –er у вищому ступені, –est – у найвищому ступені |
|
1. hot-hotter-the hottest 2. big-bigger-the biggest
|
Якщо односкладовий прикметник закінчується приголосною з попереднім коротким голосним звуком, то кінцева приголосна перед закінченням –er/–est подвоюється |
|
1. wealthy-wealthier-the wealthiest 2. early-earlier-the earliest
|
Якщо прикметник закінчується буквою -y з попередньою приголосною, то перед –er/–est – y змінюється на –i |
|
1. attractive-more attractive-the most attractive 2. spectacular-more spectacular-the most spectacular 3. famous-more famous-the most famous |
Багатоскладові прикметники утворюють ступені порівняння додаванням до основної форми прикметника слова more (більш) у вищому ступені і the most (найбільший) – у найвищому |
|
1. good-better-the best 2. bad-worse-the worst 3. much/many-more-the most 4. little-less-the least |
Ступені порівняння цих прикметників утворилися від інших коренів. Винятки |
|
1. old-older/elder-the oldest/the eldest
2. far-farther/further-the farthest/the furthest
|
Форми elder і the eldest вживаються, коли йдеться про членів однієї родини (my elder brother), але, якщо при порівнянні є слово than (ніж), то вживається форма older (he is three years older than his brother). Обидві форми farther і further вживаються, коли говорять про відстань, further, крім того, має ще значення „дальший, наступний” |
|
1. It’s better to visit London than to watch films about it. 2. The City is much older than the County of London. 3. St. Paul’s Cathedral is still the most spectacular church in Britain. |
При порівнянні у реченні звичайно вживається сполучник than (ніж) Для підвищення вищого ступеня вживаються слова much, far (набагато, значно); still (ще)
|
|
1. London is as attractive as Kyiv. 2. The East End is not so industrial as the West End.
|
При порівнянні предметів з однаковою мірою якості вживається прикметник в основній формі, який ставиться між as…as Для вираження меншої міри якості прикметник в основній формі ставиться між not so…as |
UNIT 5
Topic: The United Kingdom
Grammar: 1. The Past Perfect and the Present Perfect
2. Possessive Case
3. make and do
I Phonetic skills.
1. Listen and repeat:
1. United Kingdom [ju'naitid 'kiŋdəm]
2. England ['iŋglənd]
3. Scotland ['skƆtlənd]
4. Wales [weilz]
5. Northern Ireland ['nƆ:ð(ə)n 'aiələnd]
6. Westminster Abbey ['westminstə 'æbi]
7. Houses of Parliament [ 'hauziz əv 'pa:ləment]
8. Buckingham Palace ['bΛkiŋæm 'pælis]
2. Listen and remember the following phrases:
to consists of – складається з
separate cultures – різні культури
due to the influence of the sea – завдяки впливу моря
striking difference – вражаюча різниця
beautiful scenery – прекрасний пейзаж
the House of Lords – Палата лордів
the House of Commons – Палата общин
to compose the government – щоб сформувати уряд
II Reading skills.
1. Read and remember:
although – хоча
landscape – ландшафт, пейзаж
comprise – включати, охоплювати
despite – незважаючи на
diversity – різноманітність
influence – вплив
humid – вологий
entertainment – розвага
election – вибори
however – однак
2. Read and translate the following text:
The United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Although they form one administrative unit, they have separate cultures, languages and political histories. Great Britain is situated on the British Isles, it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea and the North Sea. The total area of Great Britain is 242 514 sq km and its population is more than 59 mln.
The British landscape can be divided into two types – highlands and lowlands. The highland area comprises the mountainous regions of Scotland, Northern Ireland, Northern England and Northern Wales while the east coast is a lowland area. Despite its small size, England is a country of much diversity. The most important rivers in Great Britain are the Thames, the Severn, the Clyde, the Trent. The rivers seldom freeze in winter. Due to the influence of the sea Great Britain has rather humid and mild climate, without striking difference between seasons.
Scotland is a beautiful country with dramatic mountains, lakes and many islands. Edinburgh is the capital and its Castle is not only Scotland's number one tourist attraction but also home to the Scottish Crown Jewels.
Wales is a country of great geographical variation with many long stretches of attractive coastline. Cardiff is the principality's capital and principal seaport. Northern Ireland contains some beautiful scenery, from the coastline in the north and northeast to the gentle fruit-growing regions of Armagh. To the southeast of the province, Belfast provides shopping and city entertainment in the shape of theatres, cinema, a wide range of restaurants, the Grand Opera House and all the other attractions of any capital city. Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially the head of the state is the Queen (or the King). However, the power of the Queen is not absolute. She acts only on advice of the ministers and Parliament.
Parliament in Great Britain exists since 1265 and is the eldest Parliament in the world. It consists of two Houses – the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of 1000 peers who are not elected by the people. The House of Commons is a nation-wide representative body which is elected by the people at a general election once in 5 years. After the general election the Queen appoints the head of the government – The Prime Minister. As a rule the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that has won the election. The Prime Minister appoints the ministers to compose the government.
Great Britain is a highly-developed industrial country. The main fields of British industry are machine-building, ship-building, metallurgy, electronics etc.