Технология панорамной фотографии

c n0 N1 x757 y526 X164 Y519 t0 c n0 N1 x595 y672 X23 Y671 t0 c n1 N2 x571 y175 X99 Y151 t0 c n1 N2 x709 y140 X246 Y165 t0 c n1 N2 x712 y433 X131 Y428 t0 c n1 N2 x702 y609 X121 Y599 t0 c n2 N3 x645 y726 X90 Y719 t0 c n2 N3 x638 y478 X49 Y468 t0 c n2 N3 x552 y282 X18 Y251 t0 c n3 N4 x712 y556 X125 Y549 t0 c n3 N4 x666 y626 X88 Y619 t0 c n3 N4 x620 y993 X237 Y965 t0 c n4 N0 x574 y987 X203 Y976 t0 c n4 N0 x703 y578 X134 Y569 t0

Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ, ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ 'ȗțșȚȖȑ' șȒȘȐȗȚ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȓșȧ șȚȘȖȒȈȔȐ 'c', ȒȈȎȌȈȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȈȚȣ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ. Ǫ Ȟȍȓȧȝ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ șȒȘȐȗȚȈ Ȕȣ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ. ǵȈ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȖȉȡȍȔț ȗȖȓȦ șȔȍȎȕȣȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ.

ǪȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ. ǶȉȍȡȈȍȔ, ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ șȓȖȎȕȍȍ, ȕȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȖȒțȗȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȐ.

ǯȌȍșȤ Ȕȣ ȗȘȍȘȊȍȔșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȔ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ PanoTools ȊȖ 2-ȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȈȚȤȐ.

ɉɚɤɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ PanoTools - II

ǺȍȗȍȘȤ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ șȒȘȐȗȚ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȓ ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȐ, ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȦ țȚȖȟȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȗ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ (v), ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȈȝ (a, b, c), ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȡȐȝ ȘȈȌȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ, Ȑ țȋȓȈȝ (y, p, r). ȅȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȌȊțȔȧ ȗțȚȧȔȐ. ǷȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȘȍȈȓȐȏțȍȚșȧ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ

ȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȈ (ǼȖȚȖȠȖȗȈ) Ȑ ȗȓȈȋȐȕȈ Adjust. ǹ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ Ȋ ǼȖȚȖȠȖȗȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȜȈȑȓ (ȗțșȚȖȑ) Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȜȐȓȤȚȘ Adjust. Ǫ ȔȍȕȦ ȜȐȓȤȚȘȈ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȓȧ Use Script Ȑ Run Optimizer, ȏȈȚȍȔ, ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȎȈȚȐȧ ȒȕȖȗȒȐ Browse, ȐȡȍȚșȧ

șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȈȔȐ șȒȘȐȗȚ. ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȎȐȔȈȚȤ ȒȕȖȗȒț OK. ǵȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȒȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ Optimizing Variables Ȑ ȚȍȒșȚȖȔ 'ǹȘȍȌȕȍȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț

ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍ....'. ǬȈȓȍȍ ȐȌțȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȟȐșȓȈ ȐȚȍȘȈȞȐȑ Ȑ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȐȒșȍȓȧȝ.

ǷȘȖȞȍșș ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȍȒțȕȌ ȌȖ ȔȐȕțȚȣ. ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ Ȋ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖ țȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȦ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊȖȔ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȍ (Notepad Ȑ Ț.ȗ.) ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ

șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ șȒȘȐȗȚ. ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȗțȚȤ - ȥȚȖ 'ȗȍȘȍȚȈșȒȐȊȈȕȐȍ' ȐȒȖȕȒȐ, ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȡȍȑ ȜȈȑȓ ș ȐșȝȖȌȕȣȔ șȒȘȐȗȚȖȔ, Ȋ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ PTOptimizer. ǸȈȏȕȐȞȈ

ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ șȒȘȐȗȚ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȘțȟȕțȦ. (ǹȒȘȐȗȚ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕ Ȋ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ.)

p f2 w3000 h1000 v360 u10 n"PSD_mask"

i f3 w768 h1024 y0 p0 r0 v90 a0.01 b0.01 c0.01 n"n0.jpg" i f3 w768 h1024 y72 p1 r1 v=0 a=0 b=0 c=0 n"n1.jpg"

i f3 w768 h1024 y144 p2 r2 v=0 a=0 b=0 c=0 n"n2.jpg" i f3 w768 h1024 y-144 p3 r3 v=0 a=0 b=0 c=0 n"n3.jpg" i f3 w768 h1024 y-72 p4 r4 v=0 a=0 b=0 c=0 n"n4.jpg"

v v0 a0 b0 c0 y1 p1 r1 y2 p2 r2 y3 p3 r3 y4 p4 r4

........

........

*

#==================================================

==================

#Output generated by Panorama Tools

#Warning: Number of Data Points is smaller than Number of Variables to fit. 170012 function evalutations

#number of calls to fcn has reached or exceeded 200*(n+1)

#Panorama description

#p f2 w3000 h1000 v360 n"PSD_mask"

#Parameters for Each Input Image:

#(*) - optimized (p) - preset

#Image No 0:

#Yaw: 0 deg (p) Pitch: 0 deg (p)

#Roll: 0 deg (p) HFov: 94.9408 deg (*)

#Polynomial Coefficients: a 0.038163 (*); b -0.097626 (*); c 0.051026 (*)

#Horizontal Shift: 0.000000 (p) Vertical Shift: 0.000000 (p)

#4th polynomial coefficient: 1.00844

#Command for Panorama Creation:

o f3 r0 p0 y0 v94.9408 a0.038163 b-0.097626 c0.051026 u10 -buf

#Image No 1:

#Yaw: 72.8878 deg (*) Pitch: -0.269125 deg (*)

#Roll: -1.29281 deg (*) HFov: 94.9408 deg (*)

#Polynomial Coefficients: a 0.038163 (*); b -0.097626 (*); c 0.051026 (*)

#Horizontal Shift: 0.000000 (p) Vertical Shift: 0.000000 (p)

#4th polynomial coefficient: 1.00844

#Command for Panorama Creation:

o f3 r-1.29281 p-0.269125 y72.8878 v94.9408 a0.038163 b-0.097626 c0.051026 u10 +buf -buf

# Image No 3:

#Yaw: -142.274 deg (*) Pitch: 1.46563 deg (*)

#Roll: -1.07563 deg (*) HFov: 94.9408 deg (*)

#Polynomial Coefficients: a 0.038163 (*); b -0.097626 (*); c 0.051026 (*)

#Horizontal Shift: 0.000000 (p) Vertical Shift: 0.000000 (p)

#4th polynomial coefficient: 1.00844

#Command for Panorama Creation:

o f3 r-1.07563 p1.46563 y-142.274 v94.9408 a0.038163 b-0.097626 c0.051026 u10 +buf

-buf

........

........

#==================================================

==================

#Control Points: Distance between desired and fitted Position (in Pixels)

#Control Point No 0: 0.283525

#Control Point No 1: 0.877102

#Control Point No 2: 1.00687

#Control Point No 3: 0.422522

#Control Point No 4: 0.88593

#Control Point No 5: 0.136403

#Control Point No 6: 0.264454

#Control Point No 7: 0.701406

#Control Point No 8: 1.51058

#Control Point No 9: 1.12872

#Control Point No 10: 0.660178

#Control Point No 11: 0.614276

#Control Point No 12: 0.886014

#Control Point No 13: 0.559441

#Control Point No 14: 0.130153

ǷȍȘȊȖȍ, ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȖȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȐ șȒȘȐȗȚȍ, - ȥȚȖ țȚȖȟȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȗȉ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȍ:

ȗȖȓȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ = 94.9408?,

ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ a = 0.038163, ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ b = -0.097626,

ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ c = 0.051026 Ȑ ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ d = 1.00844.

DzȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ d ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ, Ȉ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ șțȔȔț ȚȘȍȝ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȒȖȥȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ ȌȖ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȣ (a + b + c + d = 1).

DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋ șȒȘȐȗȚȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ țȚȖȟȕȍȕȕȣȍ țȋȓȣ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȖȊ ȜȖȚȖȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ, Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ Ȋșȍ 5 șȕȐȔȒȖȊ. ǷȘȐȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ țȋȓȣ ȖȚșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ (ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ) ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ.

ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȋ șȚȖȓȉȍȞ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȔ (ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȣȔ) ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȖ Ȋ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȘȈȕșȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ Ȋ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȐ ș ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȈȔȐ. DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȉȞȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȑ, ȔȈȒșȐȔȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ 1,51 ȗȐȒșȍȓȧ, ȟȚȖ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ 0,05% ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȌȓȐȕȍ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȣ. Ǩ ȥȚȖ, Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ, ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ț ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȠȈȕșȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔț (ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ șȔȍȎȕȣȝ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ). ǷȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚșȧ ș ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȠȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ 0,5%, ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȕȍȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈșșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ. ǵȍșȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ 1% Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȖȠȐȉȒȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȐȓȐ Ȗ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȐ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖȋȘȍȠȕȖșȚȍȑ. ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ țȌȈȓȍȕȐȍ șȚȘȖȒ, șȖȌȍȘȎȈȠȐȍ ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȈȚȣ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ, șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȔȈȒșȐȔȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȑ,

ǵȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȖȌȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȔȈșȖȒ, ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȐșȚȍȑ, ȓȈșȚȐȒȖȊ, ȊȣȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȣȊȒȐ ȗȖ ǫȈțșșț ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ țșȚȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȋȘȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ.

ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȍȚ ȧȊȕȈȧ ȏȈșȊȍȚȒȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȖȓȕȞȈ, ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȘȍȠȕȖșȚȤ șȠȐȊȈȕȐȦ, Ȉ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȞȐȜȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȜȖȚȖȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ Nikon CoolPix 950, ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ 1999 ȋ.

ǶșȚȈȓȖșȤ șȓȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȓȖȐ Ȋ ȗȓȖșȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ, ȗȖȌȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȊȒțșț

Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȔ (ȚȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ, ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚȕȖșȚȤ) Ȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔ ȜȖȘȔȈȚȍ (TIFF, BMP, JPG). DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ 3000 ȝ 1000 ȗȐȒșȍȓȍȑ - ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȈȝȚȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȔȍȘ. ǶȚȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ȕȍ

șȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ, ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǰȕȚȍȘȕȍȚȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȊȐȘȚțȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȣ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ

ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ.

ǺȖ, ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȓȐ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ș ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȐȔȐ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ țșȐȓȐȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȊȣȠȍțȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȜȍȑșȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔ PTPicker, PTGui (ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȖȑ Enblend Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȓȈȋȐȕȈ) Ȑ Ț.Ȍ., ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ, ȗȖșȓȍ

ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țșȐȓȐȑ, șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȊȘțȟȕțȦ, Ȋȣ ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȑ ș ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ

ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ, Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ, ȖșȊȖȐȚȍ.

Ƕ ȕȍȒȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȧȝ, ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȗȈȒȍȚȖȔ PanoTools, - Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ șȚȈȚȤȍ.

ɉɚɤɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ PanoTools - III

ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ PanoTools ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȗȓȖȝȐȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȗȖ șȠȐȊȈȕȐȦ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȕȣȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ, ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȍȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș, ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț, ȌȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚț șȈȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ. ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȔ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȦȚșȧ țȚȖȟȕȍȕȐȦ Ȋ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȍ ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȐ, 4, ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȚ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚȤ ȖȚ țșȓȖȊȐȑ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȐșȝȖȌȕȣȝ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ. ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ Ȑ 3-ȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȈȝ a, b Ȑ c, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ șțȡȍșȚȊț ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȐȕȖȔȈ 3-ȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ, ȈȗȗȘȖșȒȐȔȐȘțȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȘȐȊțȦ ȘȈȌȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ('ȉȖȟȒȐ-ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ') Ȍȓȧ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ. ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐȝ 4-ȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ, ȚȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȕȣȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ țȗȘȖȡȍȕ. ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ, ȘȈșșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘțȌȖȍȔȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȍ, ȔȖȎȍȚ șȚȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ.

ǹȗȖșȖȉ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ Ȑ ȕȖșȐȚ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ 'ȒȈȓȐȉȘȖȊȒȈ

ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ'. ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȗȐșȈȕ ȈȊșȚȘȈȓȐȑȞȍȔ

Peter Murphy Ȋ 1999 ȋ:

http://www.culture.com.au/virtual/tutorials/calib.htm

ǷȖȌȝȖȌ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȑȝ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȖȊ Ȑ ȜȖȚȖȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ.

Ǵȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔșȧ ȥȚȐȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȧ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ a, b, Ȑ ș ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ Sigma 8 mm F4 EX Ȋ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȐ ș ȞȐȜȘȖȊȣȔ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ Canon Digital Rebel.

ǷȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȐșȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗțȚȍȔ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ:

(Ȉ) ȊȣȉȖȘ ȕȈȚțȘȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȐșȝȖȌȕȣȝ (ȒȈȓȐȉȘȖȊȖȟȕȣȝ) șȕȐȔȒȖȊ, (ȉ) șȈȔȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȓȐȉȘȖȊȖȟȕȣȝ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ,

(Ȋ) ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȐșȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ (ȗțșȚȖȋȖ) șȒȘȐȗȚȈ, șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȈȔ șȢȍȔȒȐ, (ȋ) ȘȍȋȐșȚȘȈȞȐȧ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ

(Ȍ) ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȐșȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ.

ǵȈȚțȘȈ Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȒȈȓȐȉȘȖȊȒȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȖȉȢȍȒȚ (ȐȓȐ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȣ) ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ, ȚȈȒȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ș ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȖȒȖȕ ȐȓȐ șȚȍȓȈȎ ș ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ. Ǭȓȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȑ ȠȚȈȚȐȊ ș ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ, ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ

ȜȖȚȖȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ. Ǫ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȕȣ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔșȧ ȒȖȔȉȐȕȈȞȐȍȑ, șȖșȚȖȧȡȍȑ Ȑȏ ȠȚȈȚȐȊȈ Manfrotto 3205, 3D ȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ Manfrotto 3025 Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȐȘțȦȡȍȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȔȒȐ Kaidan KiWi 900/950, Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ

ȞȐȜȘȖȊȖȑ Canon. ǪȖșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔșȧ ȚȘȍȡȍȚȒȖȑ ȕȈ 18 ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ, ȟȚȖ ȌȈșȚ ȕȈȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ș ȌȐșȒȘȍȚȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ 20?. ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȐȊȍȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȔȒȐ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ 3D ȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ Ȑ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȘȈȔȒȍ țȘȖȊȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȐȊȍȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȍ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ 'ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȉȈȠȔȈȒ' ȗȘȐȏȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ șȌȍȓȈȍȔ 3 ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȕȐȔȒȈ ȊȣȉȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈȚțȘȣ (șȚȍȓȈȎ ș ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ), ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ 2 ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȚȘȍȡȍȚȒȐ, Ț.ȍ. ȕȈ

40?. DzȈȒ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȑȏ șȚȈȚȤȐ 'ǶȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȣ fish-eye' ȒȘțȎȖȒ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ, șȖȏȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȑ 8 ȔȔ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȖȔ Sigma ȕȈ ȔȈȚȘȐȞȍ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ Canon Digital Rebel, ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ

ȔȈȚȘȐȞȣ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚțȘ ȔȈȚȘȐȞȣ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ. ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȐșȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȥȚȈȓȖȕȕȣȍ șȕȐȔȒȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȕȖȑ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȞȐȐ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ. ǷȖșȓȍ ȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ ȌȖ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ (2048 ȝ 3012 ȗȐȒșȍȓȍȑ) țȊȍȓȐȟȐȔ ȘȈȏȔȍȘ ȝȖȓșȚȈ

ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ șȕȐȔȒȈ ȌȖ 3012 ȝ 3012 ȗȐȒșȍȓȍȑ. ȅȚȈ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ șȔȖȌȍȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȌȘ, șȖȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȑ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ, șȖȏȌȈȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȒȘțȋȖȊȣȔ fish-eye'ȍȔ.

ǷțșȚȖȑ ȜȈȑȓ Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ:

p f2 w4200 h3000 v260 u10 n"PSD_mask"

i f2 w3012 h3012 y0 p0 r0 v180 a0.01 b0.01 c0.01 n"n0.jpg" i f2 w3012 h3012 y40 p1 r1 v=0 a=0 b=0 c=0 n"n1.jpg"

i f2 w3012 h3012 y80 p2 r2 v=0 a=0 b=0 c=0 n"n2.jpg"

v v0 a0 b0 c0 y1 p1 r1 y2 p2 r2

ǶȉȘȈȚȐȔșȧ Ȓ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȍ ControlPoint Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȔ Ȓ ȘȈșșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ. ǬȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ, șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț (ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț) ȗȖȓȦ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ. ǷȘȐȟȍȔ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȗȈȘ șȔȍȎȕȣȝ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ Ȋ

ȘȈșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȈȘț n0-n2. ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ ControlPoint, ȕȈȎȈȊ ȒȕȖȗȒț '!' ȕȈ

ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȗȈȕȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ, ȐȕȐȞȐȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȐȕȐȞȐȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȐ. ǯȈȚȍȔ ȊȣȏȖȊȐȚȍ șȗȐșȖȒ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ.

ǷȘȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȚ ȧȊȕȣȝ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȑ ȖȚ ȕȖȘȔȣ (Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ Ȋ șȈȔȐȝ ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȐȘțȍȔȣȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȈȝ, Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȣȔȐ Ȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ), ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȧ ș țșȗȍȝȖȔ. ǮȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ șȖ șȔȍȕȖȑ ȕȈȚțȘȣ, țȋȓȖȊ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ Ȑ Ț.ȗ. Ǫ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȕȖ 6 șȍȈȕșȖȊ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȓȐȉȘȖȊȖȟȕȣȝ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȣ Ȋ ȚȈȉȓȐȞț ȕȐȎȍ.

ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ ȗȘȖȈȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ. Ǫ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȔ Ȑȝ ȒȖȕșȐșȚȍȕȚȕȖșȚȤ. ǺȈȒ, ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋșȍȝ 6-ȚȐ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȓȧ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ. ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ Ȑȝ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȣȝ 180? ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȍȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȐșȝȖȌȕȣȝ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ. ǯȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ a Ȑ c ȓȍȎȈȚ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȝ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȖȚȣȝ, ȟȚȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșțȍȚșȧ ș ȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ. ǷȈȘȈȔȍȚȘ b, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȋ șȐȓț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȒȘȐȊȖȑ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȌȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ (ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ b ȊȍȌȍȚ Ȓ ȉȖȟȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȐȧȔ, ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ b - Ȓ ȗȖȌțȠȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ), ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȚȈȉȐȓȍȕ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȍȘȐȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈ. Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȈȘȣ ȜȖȚȖȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ-ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȑȝ șȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ, ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ 6-ȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȐ șȍȈȕșȖȊ șȢȍȔȒȐ-ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȈȞȐȐ:

ȗȖȓȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ = 178.224?,

ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ a = 0.010412, ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ b = -0.144489,

ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ c = 0.018564 Ȑ

ȒȖȜȜȐȞȐȍȕȚ d = 1.115513.

ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȍȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș, Ȉ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ș ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȗȚȐȔȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȈȔȐ, ȒȈȒ Ȑȝ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ? ǹțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ 2 șȗȖșȖȉȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ.

ǷȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ 'ȗțșȚȖȑ' șȒȘȐȗȚ, șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȔȣȑ ȊȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȣ. ǷȘȐȟȍȔ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȐșȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ țȋȓȣ y, p Ȑ r. Ǫ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ șȠȐȚȤ 3 șȕȐȔȒȈ, ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȓȐȉȘȖȊȒȐ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈ:

p f2 w4200 h3000 v260 u10 n"PSD_mask"

i f2 w3012 h3012 y0 p0 r0 v178.224 a0.010412 b-0.144489 c0.018564 n"n0.jpg" i f2 w3012 h3012 y40 p1 r1 v=0 a=0 b=0 c=0 n"n1.jpg"

i f2 w3012 h3012 y80 p2 r2 v=0 a=0 b=0 c=0 n"n2.jpg"

v y1 p1 r1 y2 p2 r2