praktikum_meh_gidk_gaz_03

292

JZ[hqbc ijhp_kk \ kljmcghf gZkhk_ hkms_kl\ey_lky ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf.

JZ[hqZy `b^dhklv ih ljm[hijh\h^m ih^Zqb jZ[hq_c `b^dhklb 1 ih^ ^Z\e_gb_f ih^Zzlky \ khieh 2 kljmcgh]h gZkhkZ (jbk 29.1), hldm^Z k [hevrhc kdhjhklvx ihklmiZ_l \ dZf_jm kf_r_gby 4. <ke_^kl\b_ agZqbl_evgh]h m\_ebq_gby kdhjhklb gZ \uoh^_ ba khieZ 2 ^Z\e_gb_ \ dZf_j_ kf_r_gby 4 fh`_l klZlv f_gvr_ Zlfhkn_jgh]h, l._. ijb hij_^_ezgghc kdhjhklb bkl_q_gby `b^dhklb ba khieZ 2 \h \kZku\Zxs_c dZf_j_ 3 kljmcgh]h gZkhkZ \hagbdZ_l \Zdmmf.

1 – ljm[hijh\h^ ih^Zqb jZ[hq_c `b^dhklb; 2 – khieh; 3 – \kZku\ZxsZy dZf_jZ; 4 – dZf_jZ kf_r_gby; 5 – ^bnnmahj; 6 – gZihjguc ljm[hijh\h^; 7 –

\kZku\Zxsbc ljm[hijh\h^.

Jbk. 29.1 Ko_fZ \h^hkljmcgh]h gZkhkZ

Ih^ ^_ckl\b_f \ZdmmfZ `b^dhklv ba \kZku\Zxs_]h ljm[hijh\h^Z 7 ihklmiZ_l \h \kZku\Zxsmx dZf_jm 3 b ^Ze__ \ dZf_jm kf_r_gby 4. < dZf_j_ kf_rb\Zgby 4 jZ[hqZy b i_j_dZqb\Z_fZy `b^dhklb kf_rb\Zxlky b h[f_gb\Zxlky wg_j]byfb, ijb wlhf jZ[hqZy `b^dhklv, ihklmiZxsZy ih ljm[hijh\h^m 1, hl^Zzl qZklv k\h_c wg_j]bb `b^dhklb, ihklmiZxs_c ba \kZku\Zxs_]h ljm[hijh\h^Z 7.

Ijhp_kk kf_r_gby fh`gh mkeh\gh jZa^_eblv gZ ^\Z wlZiZ - gZqZevguc b hkgh\ghc. L_q_gb_ gZ gZqZevghf mqZkld_ dZf_ju kf_r_gby fh`gh

293

jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd lmj[me_glgmx kljmx, ^\b`msmxky \ kimlghf ihlhd_. Ih^ ^_ckl\b_f ihi_j_qguo imevkZpbc kdhjhklb, k\hckl\_gguo lmj[me_glghfm ^\b`_gbx, ihlhdb \g_^jyxlky ^jm] \ ^jm]Z, h[jZamy ihkl_i_ggh jZkrbjyxsmxky ahgm kf_r_gby – ih]jZgbqguc kehc kljmb.

D dhgpm gZqZevgh]h mqZkldZ ih]jZgbqguc kehc kljmb aZihegy_l \kz k_q_gb_ dZf_ju kf_r_gby, b ^Ze__ gZ hkgh\ghf mqZkld_ kf_r_gby ijh^he`Z_lky \ujZ\gb\Zgb_ kdhjhkl_c ih k_q_gbx ihlhdZ. < dhg_qghf k_q_gbb dZf_ju kf_r_gby, hlklhys_f gZ 4 - 6 _z ^bZf_ljh\ hl gZqZevgh]h k_q_gby, h[jZam_lky ^hklZlhqgh h^ghjh^gZy kf_kv kf_rb\Z_fuo `b^dhkl_c.

Ijb ijhoh`^_gbb h[jZah\Z\r_cky kf_kb ^\mo `b^dhkl_c q_j_a ^bnnmahj

5 \ gZihjguc ljm[hijh\h^ 6 ijhbkoh^bl ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ dbg_lbq_kdhc wg_j]bb

\ihl_gpbZevgmx, ijbqzf kdhjhklv ihlhdZ ihkl_i_ggh mf_gvrZ_lky, Z klZlbq_kdbc gZihj m\_ebqb\Z_lky. LZdbf h[jZahf, ^Z\e_gb_ kf_r_ggh]h ihlhdZ gZ \uoh^_ ba ^bnnmahjZ hdZau\Z_lky \ur_ ^Z\e_gby w`_dlbjm_fh]h ihlhdZ,

ihklmiZxs_]h ih \kZku\Zxs_fm ljm[hijh\h^m.

JZ[hlZ kljmcguo gZkhkh\ hkgh\ZgZ gZ i_j_^Zq_ wg_j]bb hl h^ghc kj_^u

(jZ[hq_c), ^\b`ms_cky k [hevrhc kdhjhklvx, d ^jm]hc kj_^_ (ih^kZku\Z_fhc), h[eZ^Zxs_c agZqbl_evgh f_gvrbf aZiZkhf wg_j]bb. I_j_^ZqZ wg_j]bb ijhbkoh^bl \ ijhp_kk_ kf_r_gby h[_bo kj_^, ijbq_f dbg_lbq_kdZy wg_j]by jZ[hq_c kj_^u qZklbqgh khh[sZ_lky ih^kZku\Z_fhc kj_^_, qZklv `_ l_jy_lky \ke_^kl\b_ agZqbl_evgh]h \boj_h[jZah\Zgby. Wg_j]by h[jZah\Z\r_cky kf_kb bkihevam_lky ^ey __ ih^t_fZ beb ljZgkihjlbjh\Zgby ih ljm[Zf.

?keb h[hagZqblv Q1 – jZkoh^ jZ[hq_c `b^dhklb, ih^Z\Z_fhc \ khieh kljmcgh]h gZkhkZ, Q2 – jZkoh^ ih^kZku\Z_fhc `b^dhklb, lh hq_\b^gh, qlh h[sbc jZkoh^ `b^dhklb, ijhoh^ys_c q_j_a dZf_jm kf_r_gby, beb ih^ZqZ kljmcgh]h gZkhk

295 khhl\_lkl\_ggh jZkoh^ b gZihj jZ[hq_c `b^dhklb \ ljm[hijh\h^_ 1 i_j_^ gZkhkhf; Q2 b h\ - jZkoh^ `b^dhklb b \ukhlZ \kZku\Zgby \h \kZku\Zxs_f

ljm[hijh\h^_ 7; G2 - gZihj `b^dhklb gZ \uoh^_ ba gZkhkZ.

?keb iehlghklb jZ[hq_c b \kZku\Z_fhc `b^dhkl_c h^bgZdh\u, lh d.i.^.

HIBK:GB? HIULGHC MKL:GH<DB

Wdki_jbf_glZevgZy mklZgh\dZ (jbk. 29.2) \dexqZ_l ke_^mxsb_ hkgh\gu_ we_f_glu: \h^hkljmcguc gZkhk 6, jZ[hqbc 1, gZihjguc 8 b \kZku\Zxsbc 9 ljm[hijh\h^u, j_a_j\mZj 10, j_]mebjmxsmx b baf_jbl_evgmx ZiiZjZlmjm.

<h^Z ba gZihjgh]h [ZdZ (gZ jbkmgd_ g_ ihdZaZg) ijb hldjulbb \_glbey 2 ihklmiZ_l \ \h^hkljmcguc gZkhk 6 ih ljm[hijh\h^m 1; jZkoh^ \h^u \ g_f hij_^_ey_lky k ihfhsvx jZkoh^hf_jZ <_glmjb 4 (kf. jZ[hlm 6) ih ihdZaZgbyf ^bnn_j_gpbZevgh]h fZghf_ljZ 3; gZihj \h^u \ ljm[hijh\h^_ i_j_^ gZkhkhf hij_^_ey_lky ih iv_ahf_ljm 5 . <h^Z \kZku\Z_lky \ gZkhk ih ljm[hijh\h^m 9 ba j_a_j\mZjZ 10, \ dhlhjuc ih ljm[hijh\h^m 12 ihklmiZ_l ba gZihjgh]h [ZdZ ijb hldjulbb \_glbey 13. < j_a_j\mZj_ 10 bf__lky ohehklhc keb\ 11, h[_ki_qb\Zxsbc \ l_q_gb_ hiulZ ihklhygguc mjh\_gv \h^u \ g_f. NbdkZpby mjh\gy \ j_a_j\mZj_ ijhba\h^blky k ihfhsvx iv_ahf_ljZ 14, gme_\h_ ^_e_gb_ rdZeu dhlhjh]h kh\iZ^Z_l k hk_\hc ebgb_c ljm[hijh\h^Z 1. Ihkdhevdm jZaf_ldZ rdZeu iv_ahf_ljZ 14 b^_l k\_jom \gba, hlkq_l ih rdZe_ iv_ahf_ljZ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh hij_^_ey_l \ukhlm \kZku\Zgby h\. <ukhlgh_ iheh`_gb_ ohehklh]h keb\Z fh`gh baf_gylv, lZd `_ fh`gh baf_gylv hl hiulZ d hiulm b \ukhlm \kZku\Zgby.

<h^Z ba ^bnnmahjZ gZkhkZ 6 ihklmiZ_l \ gZihjguc ljm[hijh\h^ 8, \ gZqZe_ dhlhjh]h mklZgh\e_g iv_ahf_lj 7, iha\heyxsbc hij_^_eylv gZihj G2