- •Оглавление
- •От авторов
- •Grammar: The article (артикль)
- •Reading
- •A day in the life of an international student
- •I am a student
- •Grammar: Types of questions (типы вопросов)
- •Question words (вопросительные слова)
- •Reading
- •A new student
- •Margaret Thatcher
- •John Edgar Hoover, FBI Director
- •Reading
- •A brave Woman
- •Grammar: Construction there is /there are
- •Reading
- •John Jay College of Criminal Justice
- •Moscow University of the Interior of the Russian Federation.
- •Militia officers
- •Grammar: The perfect tenses (времена группы Perfect)
- •Grammar: The Articles (артикли)
- •Reading
- •Moscow
- •Grammar: Modal verbs
- •Reading
- •Business etiquette for police executives
- •Policing a culturally diverse society
- •Word formation: Conversion (конверсия)
- •Reading
- •General information: the Russian Federation
- •State system of the Russian Federation
- •Court system of the Russian Federation: part 1
- •Court system of the Russian Federation: part 2
- •Branches of law of the Russian Federation
- •The Procurator's Office
- •Grammar: The participle (причастие)
- •Reading
- •Great Britain
- •The Monarch in the UK
- •Parliament
- •Elections
- •Making new laws
- •The Courts in the UK
- •Word formation: Prefixes (приставки)
- •Grammar: Passive voice (пассивный залог)
- •Reading
- •General information about the USA
- •US President
- •The US Constitution
- •Federal Court System
- •The judicial system of the USA
- •State Courts
- •Lower courts in the USA
- •The marshals
- •History of Law
- •Reading
- •A girl missing
- •A car accident
- •Too young to drive
- •Scottish soccer fans riot after loss
- •A foreigner in trouble
- •Traffic violations
- •Grammar: The nouns evidence, news,…
- •Grammar: The infinitive (инфинитив)
- •Grammar: The construction to have something done
- •Reading
- •A consolation
- •Burglary
- •Identification of suspects
- •Interviewing a witness
- •Reading
- •The UK police
- •The oath of the British constable
- •Structure of the American police
- •Top police cars
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Complex object (сложное дополнение)
- •Reading
- •New command and control system
- •WANTED FOR: Bank Robbery
- •The Federal Bureau of Investigation
- •Supplementary reading
- •Word formation: Suffix -able
- •Grammar: The -ing forms
- •Grammar: The gerund (герундий)
- •Reading
- •Types of crimes
- •«I'll be free in weeks», says killer Bamber.
- •An extract from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Conjunctions (союзы)
- •Reading
- •Search Warrant
- •The use of force and firearms
- •Police investigations
- •Human rights
- •Arrest and detention
- •Police brutality
- •Arrest
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Punctuation (пунктуация)
- •Reading
- •Civil law vs. Common law
- •Criminal justice and criminal proceedings in the UK
- •This way! That way!
- •Criminal court proceedings
- •Criminal Justice Process
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Cleft sentences (предложения с усилительной конструкцией)
- •TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS
- •Reading
- •The forms of state punishment in Great Britain
- •Capital punishment
- •Retribution
- •Prison population
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: The verbs to insist, to suggest
- •Reading
- •Is prison an answer?
- •Non-custodial types of punishment
- •Treating juveniles
- •Treating women
- •Drug — related offences
- •Electronic monitoring — alternatives to incarceration
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Complex subject (сложное подлежащее)
- •Reading
- •Interpol
- •Europol
- •Organized crime
- •Cybercrime
- •Jargon
- •Victimology
- •Customs examination
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Subjunctive mood (part 1) (сослагательное наклонение)
- •Grammar: Subjunctive mood (part 2) (сослагательное наклонение)
- •Reading
- •Militia of the Russian Federation.
- •Public security militia
- •Criminal militia
- •Militia and public confidence
- •POLICE OFFICER RECRUITS
- •Supplementary reading
- •SUPPLEMENTARY READING
- •Grammar reference
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Appendix 3
- •Appendix 4
- •GLOSSARY
- •Литература
9.Великобританияѝявляетсяѝединственнойѝстраной,ѝкотораяѝимеетѝзаконодателей,ѝобладающейѝнаследственнойѝвластью.ѝ
10.Монархѝ наѝ практикеѝ обладаетѝ лишьѝ слабымѝ подобиемѝ вето,ѝ котороеѝнаѝпрактикеѝдавноѝнеѝприменялось.ѝ
Reading
Before you read, answer and debate the following questions.
TheѝUnitedѝKingdomѝofѝGreatѝBritainѝandѝNorthernѝIrelandѝisѝtheѝonlyѝ countryѝthatѝhasѝlegislativeѝandѝjudicialѝbranchesѝofѝpowerѝjoinedѝtogether.ѝDoѝyouѝknowѝhow?ѝIsѝthisѝgoodѝorѝbad,ѝinѝyourѝopinion?ѝ
Exercise 1 Analyze the chart below.
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HOUSE OF LORDS |
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COURT OF APPEAL |
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Civil Division |
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Criminal Division |
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HIGH COURT |
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Queen's Bench Division |
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Chancery Division |
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Family Division |
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CROWN COURT |
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COUNTY COURT |
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Magistrates Court |
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Magistrates Court |
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Exercise 2 Read the text.
The Courts in the UK
TheѝCrownѝCourtsѝdealѝexclusivelyѝwithѝcriminalѝmatters,ѝtheѝCountyѝ Courtsѝ—ѝwithѝcivil.ѝHowever,ѝtheѝQueen'sѝBenchѝDivisionѝofѝtheѝHighѝ Courtѝconsidersѝappealsѝfromѝlowerѝcriminalѝcourts,ѝasѝwellѝasѝcivilѝmatters,ѝandѝtheѝMagistratesѝCourts,ѝwhileѝmostlyѝconcernedѝwithѝcriminalѝ cases,ѝalsoѝdealѝwithѝsomeѝcivilѝmatters.ѝTheѝhighestѝcourt,ѝtheѝHouseѝofѝ Lords,ѝ dealsѝ withѝ allѝ mattersѝ (includingѝ appealsѝ fromѝ Scottishѝ andѝ NorthernѝIrishѝcourts).ѝ
AѝcriminalѝcaseѝusuallyѝbeginsѝinѝaѝMagistrates'ѝCourt.ѝEachѝtownѝhasѝaѝ magistrates'ѝcourtѝcommonlyѝknownѝasѝaѝPoliceѝCourt.ѝSuchѝcourtsѝconsistѝofѝtwoѝtoѝsevenѝmagistratesѝknownѝasѝjusticesѝofѝtheѝpeace.ѝTheyѝareѝ oftenѝwithoutѝlegalѝtrainingѝandѝknowledgeѝofѝtheѝlaw.ѝInѝsomeѝcasesѝtheyѝ areѝadvisedѝbyѝaѝClerkѝofѝtheѝCourt,ѝaѝtrainedѝlawyer.ѝAѝMagistrates'ѝCourtѝ
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isѝinѝsessionѝtwiceѝeachѝweekѝAsѝtheѝlowestѝcriminalѝcourt,ѝaѝMagistrates'ѝ Courtѝisѝempoweredѝtoѝhearѝcertainѝcasesѝonly.ѝSomeѝminorѝcases,ѝsuchѝ asѝparkingѝviolations,ѝareѝdealtѝwithѝonlyѝbyѝtheѝmagistrates.ѝSomeѝseriousѝ crimes,ѝlikeѝmurder,ѝmustѝgoѝtoѝtheѝCrownѝCourts.ѝAndѝthereѝareѝsomeѝ offencesѝwhereѝtheѝdefendantѝisѝgivenѝtheѝchoiceѝofѝhavingѝhisѝcaseѝheardѝ inѝtheѝMagistrates'ѝCourtѝorѝtheѝCrownѝCourt.ѝInѝtheѝCrownѝCourt,ѝcasesѝ areѝdecidedѝbyѝaѝjury,ѝthatѝis,ѝordinaryѝmembersѝofѝtheѝpublic.ѝ
Inѝ aѝ Crownѝ Courtѝ trialѝ thereѝ areѝ twelveѝ jurors.ѝ Theseѝ areѝ ordinaryѝ membersѝofѝtheѝpublicѝbetweenѝtheѝagesѝofѝ18ѝandѝ70ѝwhoѝareѝselectedѝ atѝrandom.ѝѝ
AѝdefendantѝfoundѝguiltyѝmayѝappealѝtoѝtheѝlocalѝCrownѝCourtѝorѝtoѝtheѝ Queen'sѝBenchѝDivision.ѝAppealsѝfromѝtheѝCrownѝCourtѝgoѝfirstѝtoѝtheѝ HighѝCourtѝand,ѝinѝspecialѝcases,ѝtoѝtheѝCourtѝofѝAppeals.ѝ
MembersѝofѝtheѝHouseѝofѝLords,ѝtheѝLawѝLordsѝonly,ѝsitѝasѝaѝcourtѝofѝ appeal,ѝandѝtheirѝdecisionsѝonѝbothѝcriminalѝandѝcivilѝmattersѝareѝbindingѝuponѝallѝotherѝcourts.ѝ
Vocabulary
criminalѝmattersѝѝ |
уголовныеѝдела,ѝвопросыѝ |
magistrateѝ |
судьяѝ |
justiceѝofѝtheѝpeaceѝѝ |
мировойѝсудьяѝ |
toѝadviseѝѝ |
советоватьѝ |
toѝbeѝempoweredѝ |
бытьѝуполномоченнымѝ |
minorѝcasesѝѝ |
незначительныеѝдела,ѝделаѝмалойѝтяжестиѝ |
defendantѝѝ |
подсудимыйѝ |
jurorsѝѝ |
членыѝсудаѝприсяжныхѝ |
atѝrandomѝѝ |
случайноѝ |
appealѝѝ |
апелляцияѝ |
bindingѝ |
обязательныйѝ |
Exercise 3 Use the verbs in brackets in appropriate forms.
1.ѝProsecutionѝinѝtheѝUKѝ____ѝ(toѝinitiate)ѝandѝconductedѝbyѝtheѝpolice.ѝ 2.ѝPoliceѝcourtsѝinѝtownsѝ_____________ѝ(toѝhear)ѝlessѝseriousѝcases.ѝ
3.ѝPoliceѝcourtsѝ________ѝ(toѝconsist)ѝofѝ2—7ѝjusticesѝofѝtheѝpeaceѝwhoѝ
_________ѝ(toѝbe)ѝoftenѝwithoutѝlegalѝtraining.ѝ 4.ѝInѝsomeѝcasesѝtheѝmagistratesѝ__________ѝ(toѝadvise)ѝbyѝClerksѝofѝtheѝCourt.ѝ 5.ѝAѝmagistrates»ѝcourtѝ________ѝ(toѝbe)ѝinѝsessionѝtwoѝtimesѝaѝweek.ѝ
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Exercise 4 Choose the correct form of the verbs.
1.ѝIfѝaѝpersonѝbreaksѝtheѝlawѝheѝmustѝbring/beѝbroughtѝfirstѝbeforeѝaѝmagistrates»ѝcourt.ѝ
2.ѝAѝmagistrates'ѝcourtѝhasѝtheѝpowerѝtoѝfine/toѝbeѝfinedѝpeopleѝupѝtoѝ100ѝpounds.ѝ 3.ѝAѝmagistrates'ѝcourtѝcanѝalsoѝsend/beѝsentѝpeopleѝtoѝprisonѝforѝupѝtoѝsixѝmonths.ѝ 4.ѝIfѝaѝcaseѝisѝtooѝseriousѝitѝsends/isѝsentѝtoѝtheѝCrownѝCourt.ѝ 5.ѝIfѝthereѝareѝanyѝappealsѝtheyѝsend/areѝsentѝtoѝtheѝCourtѝofѝAppeals.ѝ
6.ѝAppealsѝonѝveryѝseriousѝcasesѝconsider/areѝconsideredѝbyѝtheѝHouseѝofѝ LordsѝCourtѝofѝAppeals.ѝ
Exercise 5 Insert appropriate prepositions.
1.ѝTheѝQueen'sѝBenchѝDivisionѝofѝtheѝHighѝCourtѝconsidersѝappealsѝ
___ѝlowerѝcriminalѝcourts,ѝ_____ѝcivilѝmatters.ѝ 2.ѝMinorѝcasesѝareѝdealtѝ_____ѝonlyѝ______ѝtheѝmagistrates.ѝ 3.ѝInѝtheѝCrownѝCourtѝcasesѝareѝdecidedѝ______aѝjury.ѝ
4.ѝJurorsѝareѝordinaryѝmembersѝ_____ѝtheѝpublicѝ_____ѝagesѝ18ѝandѝ70ѝ whoѝareѝselectedѝ____ѝrandom.ѝ
5.ѝAppealsѝ____ѝtheѝCrownѝCourtѝgoѝfirstѝ_____ѝtheѝHighѝCourtѝand,ѝ
____ѝspecialѝcases,ѝ____ѝtheѝCourtѝ___ѝAppeals.ѝ
6.ѝTheѝHouseѝ____ѝLordsѝdecisionsѝ_____ѝcriminalѝandѝcivilѝmattersѝareѝ bindingѝ____ѝallѝlowerѝcourts.ѝ
Exercise 6 Answer these questions.
1.ѝWhichѝcourtsѝdealѝwithѝcriminalѝmatters?ѝ 2.ѝWhichѝcourtsѝdealѝwithѝcivilѝcases?ѝ 3.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝhighestѝcourtѝofѝtheѝUnitedѝKingdom?ѝ 4.ѝWhatѝkindsѝofѝcasesѝisѝaѝMagistrates’ѝCourtѝempoweredѝtoѝhear?ѝ 5.ѝInѝwhichѝcourtsѝareѝcasesѝdecidedѝbyѝaѝjury?ѝWhereѝnot?ѝ 6.ѝHowѝareѝjurorsѝselected?ѝ 7.ѝWhatѝcanѝyouѝsayѝaboutѝtheѝsystemѝofѝappeals?ѝ 8.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝhighestѝCourtѝofѝAppeals?ѝ 9.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝfunctionѝofѝaѝClerkѝofѝtheѝCourt?ѝ
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Exercise 7 Complete this chart.
Verbѝ |
Nounѝ |
Adjectiveѝ/ѝParticipleѝ1,2ѝ |
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thingѝ |
personѝ |
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toѝappealѝ |
appealѝ |
appellantѝ |
appealingѝ/ѝappealedѝ |
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ѝ |
ѝ |
judgeѝ |
ѝ |
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decisionѝ |
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ѝ |
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toѝmurderѝ |
ѝ |
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ѝ |
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defendantѝ |
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Over to you
«Legal cases are best tried by professional judges, not by ordinary members of the public». Write a paragraph containing two points for and two against this statement. Then discuss your answer with other your groupmates.
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Lesson 9
GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
«Americansѝareѝaѝnationѝbornѝofѝanѝidea;ѝnotѝ theѝ place,ѝ butѝ theѝ idea,ѝ createdѝ theѝ Unitedѝ StatesѝGovernment.»ѝ
TheodoreѝH.ѝWhite,ѝanѝAmericanѝѝ politicalѝjournalistѝ
Starting up
Study the following.
judicialѝ |
judgeѝ |
judgmentѝ |
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1)ѝсудебный;ѝ |
судья:ѝ |
1)ѝсудебноеѝразбирательство,ѝпро- |
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законныйѝjudi- |
circuitѝjudgeѝ—ѝѝ |
цессѝѝ |
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cialѝprocessesѝѝ |
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окружнойѝсудьяѝѝ |
2)ѝприговор,ѝрешение,ѝзаключе- |
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2)ѝсудейский;ѝ |
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districtѝjudgeѝ—ѝ |
ниеѝсуда:ѝjudgementѝfor/againstѝ(de- |
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принятыйѝсу- |
fendant/plaintiff)ѝ—ѝрешениеѝвѝ |
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федеральныйѝ |
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домѝ |
пользу/противѝ(ответчика/истца)ѝ |
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районныйѝсудьяѝ |
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judicialѝdecisionѝ |
finalѝjudgementѝ—ѝокончательноеѝ |
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—ѝсудебныйѝ |
ѝ |
решениеѝ |
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приговорѝ |
ѝ |
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judicialѝbranchѝofѝ |
toѝjudgeѝсудить,ѝ |
judiciaryѝзаконный,ѝсудебный:ѝju- |
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powerѝсудебнаяѝ |
выноситьѝприго- |
diciaryѝlaw,ѝfederalѝjudiciaryѝ |
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ветвьѝвластиѝ |
вор |
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Exercise 1 Translate these examples into Russian.
1.ѝTheѝjudgeѝsentencedѝherѝtoѝ12ѝmonthsѝimprisonment.ѝ 2.ѝHeѝpassedѝjudgmentѝonѝtheѝguiltyѝman.ѝ 3.ѝWhoѝwillѝjudgeѝtheѝnextѝcase?ѝ 4.ѝPoliticalѝinterferenceѝandѝcorruptionѝaffectedѝtheѝjudicialѝprocess.ѝ 5.ѝTheѝjudgeѝheldѝthatѝtheѝdefendantѝwasѝinnocent.ѝ 6.ѝHeѝmightѝbringѝjudicialѝproceedingsѝagainstѝyou.ѝ
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7.ѝJudiciaryѝisѝtheѝbranchѝofѝtheѝcentralѝauthorityѝthatѝadministersѝjustice.ѝ
Exercise 2 Form the degrees of comparison of these adjectives.
lowѝѝ |
independentѝ |
highѝ |
faithfulѝ |
littleѝ |
sincereѝ |
manyѝ |
complicatedѝ |
Word formation: Compound words
(составные слова)
Составныеѝ словаѝ (существительные,ѝ глаголыѝ иѝ др.)ѝ образуютсяѝ сложениемѝдвухѝслов,ѝкоторыеѝмогутѝбытьѝразличнымиѝчастямиѝ речи.ѝУдарениеѝвѝтакихѝсловахѝобычноѝпадаетѝнаѝпервуюѝчастьѝсоставногоѝслова.ѝСоставныеѝсловаѝпишутсяѝвѝодноѝсловоѝилиѝчерезѝ дефис:ѝ
birthѝ+ѝdayѝ=ѝbirthdayѝ downѝ+ѝstairsѝ=ѝdownstairsѝ toѝpickѝ+ѝpocketѝ=ѝtoѝpickpocketѝ
Exercise 1 Read and translate these compound nouns.
firearmsѝѝ |
undergroundѝ |
groupmateѝѝ |
lawmakerѝ |
eyewitnessѝ |
workforceѝ |
statesmanѝ |
sightseeingѝ |
mailboxѝ |
outlookѝ |
skinheadѝ |
undergroundѝ |
photographѝ |
breakthroughѝ |
incomeѝ |
Exercise 2 Match the words from two columns, translate the compounds into Russian.
1.ѝtoѝexamineѝ |
a)ѝmanѝ |
2.ѝdefenceѝѝ |
b)ѝcrossѝ |
3.ѝtoѝprintѝ |
c)ѝpocketѝ |
4.ѝstateѝѝ |
d)ѝfingerѝ |
5.ѝcareѝѝ |
e)ѝselfѝ |
6.ѝtoѝpickѝѝ |
f)ѝtakerѝ |
7.ѝhandѝ |
g)ѝportѝ |
8.ѝsuperѝ |
h)ѝbookѝ |
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