- •Предисловие
- •History and Development of Automatic Control
- •Introduction to Control Systems
- •From the History of Automatic Control Theory
- •Управление
- •Elements and Structure of Automatic Control Systems
- •Automation
- •Business Systems
- •Comparing Feed forward and Feedback Controllers
- •Types of Feedback Control Systems
- •History of the word "cybernetics"
- •The History of Cybernetics
- •Cybernetics
- •Сфера кибернетики
- •The heritage and revival of cybernetics
- •Distributed Control System (dcs) History
- •Servomechanism, Regulator and Process Control
- •Data acquisition
- •Methodology Source
- •Signals
- •Daq hardware
- •Daq software
- •Алгоритмы функционирования технологических объектов, управляемых асутп
- •What is Artificial Intelligence?
- •Составление реферата
- •Hart-коммуникация
- •Беспроводные интерфейсы
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •Artificial Intelligence
- •Robot programming and interfaces
- •Writing a Summary
- •Experimental modeling and adaptive power control of a 750mw once-through boiler
- •I. Industrial robot
- •II. Robot types, features
- •III. Defining parameters
- •IV. End –of-arm Tooling
- •V. Controlling Movement
- •VI. Robotics
- •Функции асу тп
- •Grammar Reference Passive Voice
- •Сопоставление русских и английских времен в Passive
- •The Infinitive
- •Forms of the Infinitive
- •Functions of the Infinitive
- •2) Частью сказуемого.
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •The Participle
- •The Absolute Participle Construction
- •The Gerund
- •Forms of the Gerund
- •Functions of the Gerund
- •Supplementary Texts Types of control systems
- •History of Cybernetics and Systems Science
- •The Search for New Tools
- •Industrial Robots
- •An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- •Applications of ai
- •Artificial intelligence
- •Open and closed – loop systems
- •Inputs and Outputs
- •Interface
- •Technological revolution in Russia
- •Асу тп сегодня
- •Microprocessor
- •External Processor Interfaces and Operation
- •Trigonometry. Units of Measurement
- •Figure 1 - a radian defined
- •Interrupts
- •Programs
- •Other microcontroller features
- •Higher integration
- •What Is a Control Engineer?
- •Специальность «Автоматизация и управление»
- •Linear versus Nonlinear Control Systems
- •Principles of Automatic Emergency Control
- •Сети следующего поколения
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
- •Предисловие
- •History and Development of Automatic Control
- •Introduction to Control Systems
- •From the History of Automatic Control Theory
- •Управление
- •Elements and Structure of Automatic Control Systems
- •Automation
- •Business Systems
- •Comparing Feed forward and Feedback Controllers
- •Types of Feedback Control Systems
- •History of the word "cybernetics"
- •The History of Cybernetics
- •Cybernetics
- •Сфера кибернетики
- •The heritage and revival of cybernetics
- •Distributed Control System (dcs) History
- •Servomechanism, Regulator and Process Control
- •Data acquisition
- •Methodology Source
- •Signals
- •Daq hardware
- •Daq software
- •Алгоритмы функционирования технологических объектов, управляемых асутп
- •What is Artificial Intelligence?
- •Составление реферата
- •Hart-коммуникация
- •Беспроводные интерфейсы
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •Artificial Intelligence
- •Robot programming and interfaces
- •Writing a Summary
- •Experimental modeling and adaptive power control of a 750mw once-through boiler
- •I. Industrial robot
- •II. Robot types, features
- •III. Defining parameters
- •IV. End –of-arm Tooling
- •V. Controlling Movement
- •VI. Robotics
- •Функции асу тп
- •Grammar Reference Passive Voice
- •Сопоставление русских и английских времен в Passive
- •The Infinitive
- •Forms of the Infinitive
- •Functions of the Infinitive
- •2) Частью сказуемого.
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •The Participle
- •The Absolute Participle Construction
- •The Gerund
- •Forms of the Gerund
- •Functions of the Gerund
- •Supplementary Texts Types of control systems
- •History of Cybernetics and Systems Science
- •The Search for New Tools
- •Industrial Robots
- •An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- •Applications of ai
- •Artificial intelligence
- •Open and closed – loop systems
- •Inputs and Outputs
- •Interface
- •Technological revolution in Russia
- •Асу тп сегодня
- •Microprocessor
- •External Processor Interfaces and Operation
- •Trigonometry. Units of Measurement
- •Figure 1 - a radian defined
- •Interrupts
- •Programs
- •Other microcontroller features
- •Higher integration
- •What Is a Control Engineer?
- •Специальность «Автоматизация и управление»
- •Linear versus Nonlinear Control Systems
- •Principles of Automatic Emergency Control
- •Сети следующего поколения
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
- •Предисловие
- •History and Development of Automatic Control
- •Introduction to Control Systems
- •From the History of Automatic Control Theory
- •Управление
- •Elements and Structure of Automatic Control Systems
- •Automation
- •Business Systems
- •Comparing Feed forward and Feedback Controllers
- •Types of Feedback Control Systems
- •History of the word "cybernetics"
- •The History of Cybernetics
- •Cybernetics
- •Сфера кибернетики
- •The heritage and revival of cybernetics
- •Distributed Control System (dcs) History
- •Servomechanism, Regulator and Process Control
- •Data acquisition
- •Methodology Source
- •Signals
- •Daq hardware
- •Daq software
- •Алгоритмы функционирования технологических объектов, управляемых асутп
- •What is Artificial Intelligence?
- •Составление реферата
- •Hart-коммуникация
- •Беспроводные интерфейсы
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •Artificial Intelligence
- •Robot programming and interfaces
- •Writing a Summary
- •Experimental modeling and adaptive power control of a 750mw once-through boiler
- •I. Industrial robot
- •II. Robot types, features
- •III. Defining parameters
- •IV. End –of-arm Tooling
- •V. Controlling Movement
- •VI. Robotics
- •Функции асу тп
- •Grammar Reference Passive Voice
- •Сопоставление русских и английских времен в Passive
- •The Infinitive
- •Forms of the Infinitive
- •Functions of the Infinitive
- •2) Частью сказуемого.
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •The Participle
- •The Absolute Participle Construction
- •The Gerund
- •Forms of the Gerund
- •Functions of the Gerund
- •Supplementary Texts Types of control systems
- •History of Cybernetics and Systems Science
- •The Search for New Tools
- •Industrial Robots
- •An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- •Applications of ai
- •Artificial intelligence
- •Open and closed – loop systems
- •Inputs and Outputs
- •Interface
- •Technological revolution in Russia
- •Асу тп сегодня
- •Microprocessor
- •External Processor Interfaces and Operation
- •Trigonometry. Units of Measurement
- •Figure 1 - a radian defined
- •Interrupts
- •Programs
- •Other microcontroller features
- •Higher integration
- •What Is a Control Engineer?
- •Специальность «Автоматизация и управление»
- •Linear versus Nonlinear Control Systems
- •Principles of Automatic Emergency Control
- •Сети следующего поколения
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
Управление
В. П. Евменов
Управление материальными объектами – это не изобретение человеческого разума, а изобретение Природы. Задолго до осознания понятия «управление» процессы управления в организме человека происходили на многих уровнях.
Интуитивно понятие управления хорошо известно. Овладение живыми организмами процессами управления уходит вглубь веков, а осмысление этих процессов – научное достижение новой истории человечества. Любой вид деятельности человека – это процесс управления, имеющий целью разрешить какое-либо противоречие. Поддержание огня в костре, приготовление пищи, организация охоты на мамонта, управление упряжкой лошадей или морским судном, селекция растений и животных, выработка и распределение электроэнергии, обучение детей и студентов, удар футболиста по мячу, борьба со СПИДом и многое, многое другое – это все процессы управления. Во всех этих процессах центральную роль выполняет отрицательная обратная связь. Отрицательную обратную связь осуществляет человек, когда подбрасывает сучья в костер, заметив убывание огня. Футболист отрабатывает во время тренировок удары по мячу, пытаясь минимизировать отклонения мяча от нужной траектории.
Многие виды управления изучались специальными дисциплинами задолго до возрождения термина «кибернетика». Для многих систем управления техническими объектами разработаны математические теории различного уровня общности.
Евменов, В. П. Интеллектуальные системы управления: Учеб. пособие. – М.: Книжный дом «ЛИБРОКОМ», 2009. – 304 с. (С. 205-206).
UNIT TWO
Texts: Elements and structure of Automatic Control Systems; Automation; Business Systems; Comparing Feed forward and Feedback Controllers; Types of Feedback Control Systems
Grammar: The forms and functions of Infinitive.
1. Memorize the words:
process control systems – системы управления (производственным процессом)
physical variables – физические переменные величины
a controlled quantity – управляемая величина
to supply a feedback signal – поставлять сигнал обратной связи
feedback path elements – элементы обратной связи
transducers - преобразователи
servomotors - сервомоторы
a variable resistance – переменное сопротивление
reference input /driver – задающее устройство
2. Read the text and speak about elements of automatic control systems
Elements and Structure of Automatic Control Systems
Automatic control is the use of means which can maintain physical variables, such as temperature or pressure, at a desired level automatically. Systems which perform the control of physical variables are called automatic control systems (ACS).
Automatic control systems may be classified as servo-mechanisms, process control systems and regulators, but whatever the classification be, the same principles of operation are common to them all. Every ACS should contain five main components. They are: a driver or reference input, an error detector, control elements, a controlled quantity and feedback path elements. The basic control system operation may be described by the simple block diagram:
The reference input or driver sets the desired level or position of controlled quantity C in this system. The controlled quantity C is the resulting level or position of variable parameter, which is the position to be controlled by this ACS. The feedback path elements H supply a feedback signal B that indicates the level of the controlled quantity C. The error detector receives the feedback signal B and compares it with the input command signal R; any error (or difference between B and R) produces an output or resulting signal E. Control elements G receive, amplify and transform the output signal E to maintain the controlled quantity at the desires level.
To produce an automatic control system it is necessary to use a lot of various elements. These are logical elements, relays, potentiometers, magnetic amplifiers, transducers and other devices. The basic components of every ACS are logical elements which may be deducted to transducers and servomotors. Relaysare usually sensitive devices that can control the action of large or remote apparatus in circuits. A potentiometer consists basically of a variable resistor. If connected to a circuit the variable resistance makes it possible to vary the amount of voltage supplied to a load. Magnetic amplifiers belong to a large group of magnetically controlled devices. The principle of their operation is based on the process of magnetizing a core by varying a magnetomotive force periodically.Transducer is known as a converting device. Many well-known devices act as transducers, for example, an electric motor acts as a transducer converting electrical energy into mechanical one.
The application of automatic control systems covers a lot of spheres, ranging from the use for the guidance of space vehicles to the control of industrial processes.
3. Look through the text and answer the questions:
1) What is automatic control? 2) What are automatic control systems? 3) How can they be classified? 4) What components does an ACS consist of? 5) What is the function of a driver? 6) Try to describe the ACS control system operation. 7) What are the basic elements of any automatic control system? 8) What is the function of relays? 9) What is the principle of amplifiers operation based on? 10) What do transducers serve for?
4. Memorize the words:
a self-feeding process – процесс автоматической подачи
self- initiating – автоматическое включение
a float-type controller – поплавковый регулятор
a weaving loom – ткацкий станок
to suggest an idea to smb – натолкнуть на мысль
continuous cycle production – непрерывный производственный цикл
to direct on the correct path – направлять по заданной траектории
transfer machining – механическая перестановка
5. Read the text and explain the advantages of automation: