- •Предисловие
- •History and Development of Automatic Control
- •Introduction to Control Systems
- •From the History of Automatic Control Theory
- •Управление
- •Elements and Structure of Automatic Control Systems
- •Automation
- •Business Systems
- •Comparing Feed forward and Feedback Controllers
- •Types of Feedback Control Systems
- •History of the word "cybernetics"
- •The History of Cybernetics
- •Cybernetics
- •Сфера кибернетики
- •The heritage and revival of cybernetics
- •Distributed Control System (dcs) History
- •Servomechanism, Regulator and Process Control
- •Data acquisition
- •Methodology Source
- •Signals
- •Daq hardware
- •Daq software
- •Алгоритмы функционирования технологических объектов, управляемых асутп
- •What is Artificial Intelligence?
- •Составление реферата
- •Hart-коммуникация
- •Беспроводные интерфейсы
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •Artificial Intelligence
- •Robot programming and interfaces
- •Writing a Summary
- •Experimental modeling and adaptive power control of a 750mw once-through boiler
- •I. Industrial robot
- •II. Robot types, features
- •III. Defining parameters
- •IV. End –of-arm Tooling
- •V. Controlling Movement
- •VI. Robotics
- •Функции асу тп
- •Grammar Reference Passive Voice
- •Сопоставление русских и английских времен в Passive
- •The Infinitive
- •Forms of the Infinitive
- •Functions of the Infinitive
- •2) Частью сказуемого.
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •The Participle
- •The Absolute Participle Construction
- •The Gerund
- •Forms of the Gerund
- •Functions of the Gerund
- •Supplementary Texts Types of control systems
- •History of Cybernetics and Systems Science
- •The Search for New Tools
- •Industrial Robots
- •An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- •Applications of ai
- •Artificial intelligence
- •Open and closed – loop systems
- •Inputs and Outputs
- •Interface
- •Technological revolution in Russia
- •Асу тп сегодня
- •Microprocessor
- •External Processor Interfaces and Operation
- •Trigonometry. Units of Measurement
- •Figure 1 - a radian defined
- •Interrupts
- •Programs
- •Other microcontroller features
- •Higher integration
- •What Is a Control Engineer?
- •Специальность «Автоматизация и управление»
- •Linear versus Nonlinear Control Systems
- •Principles of Automatic Emergency Control
- •Сети следующего поколения
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
- •Предисловие
- •History and Development of Automatic Control
- •Introduction to Control Systems
- •From the History of Automatic Control Theory
- •Управление
- •Elements and Structure of Automatic Control Systems
- •Automation
- •Business Systems
- •Comparing Feed forward and Feedback Controllers
- •Types of Feedback Control Systems
- •History of the word "cybernetics"
- •The History of Cybernetics
- •Cybernetics
- •Сфера кибернетики
- •The heritage and revival of cybernetics
- •Distributed Control System (dcs) History
- •Servomechanism, Regulator and Process Control
- •Data acquisition
- •Methodology Source
- •Signals
- •Daq hardware
- •Daq software
- •Алгоритмы функционирования технологических объектов, управляемых асутп
- •What is Artificial Intelligence?
- •Составление реферата
- •Hart-коммуникация
- •Беспроводные интерфейсы
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •Artificial Intelligence
- •Robot programming and interfaces
- •Writing a Summary
- •Experimental modeling and adaptive power control of a 750mw once-through boiler
- •I. Industrial robot
- •II. Robot types, features
- •III. Defining parameters
- •IV. End –of-arm Tooling
- •V. Controlling Movement
- •VI. Robotics
- •Функции асу тп
- •Grammar Reference Passive Voice
- •Сопоставление русских и английских времен в Passive
- •The Infinitive
- •Forms of the Infinitive
- •Functions of the Infinitive
- •2) Частью сказуемого.
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •The Participle
- •The Absolute Participle Construction
- •The Gerund
- •Forms of the Gerund
- •Functions of the Gerund
- •Supplementary Texts Types of control systems
- •History of Cybernetics and Systems Science
- •The Search for New Tools
- •Industrial Robots
- •An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- •Applications of ai
- •Artificial intelligence
- •Open and closed – loop systems
- •Inputs and Outputs
- •Interface
- •Technological revolution in Russia
- •Асу тп сегодня
- •Microprocessor
- •External Processor Interfaces and Operation
- •Trigonometry. Units of Measurement
- •Figure 1 - a radian defined
- •Interrupts
- •Programs
- •Other microcontroller features
- •Higher integration
- •What Is a Control Engineer?
- •Специальность «Автоматизация и управление»
- •Linear versus Nonlinear Control Systems
- •Principles of Automatic Emergency Control
- •Сети следующего поколения
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
- •Предисловие
- •History and Development of Automatic Control
- •Introduction to Control Systems
- •From the History of Automatic Control Theory
- •Управление
- •Elements and Structure of Automatic Control Systems
- •Automation
- •Business Systems
- •Comparing Feed forward and Feedback Controllers
- •Types of Feedback Control Systems
- •History of the word "cybernetics"
- •The History of Cybernetics
- •Cybernetics
- •Сфера кибернетики
- •The heritage and revival of cybernetics
- •Distributed Control System (dcs) History
- •Servomechanism, Regulator and Process Control
- •Data acquisition
- •Methodology Source
- •Signals
- •Daq hardware
- •Daq software
- •Алгоритмы функционирования технологических объектов, управляемых асутп
- •What is Artificial Intelligence?
- •Составление реферата
- •Hart-коммуникация
- •Беспроводные интерфейсы
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •The End of a Monopoly Era
- •Artificial Intelligence
- •Robot programming and interfaces
- •Writing a Summary
- •Experimental modeling and adaptive power control of a 750mw once-through boiler
- •I. Industrial robot
- •II. Robot types, features
- •III. Defining parameters
- •IV. End –of-arm Tooling
- •V. Controlling Movement
- •VI. Robotics
- •Функции асу тп
- •Grammar Reference Passive Voice
- •Сопоставление русских и английских времен в Passive
- •The Infinitive
- •Forms of the Infinitive
- •Functions of the Infinitive
- •2) Частью сказуемого.
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •The Participle
- •The Absolute Participle Construction
- •The Gerund
- •Forms of the Gerund
- •Functions of the Gerund
- •Supplementary Texts Types of control systems
- •History of Cybernetics and Systems Science
- •The Search for New Tools
- •Industrial Robots
- •An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- •Applications of ai
- •Artificial intelligence
- •Open and closed – loop systems
- •Inputs and Outputs
- •Interface
- •Technological revolution in Russia
- •Асу тп сегодня
- •Microprocessor
- •External Processor Interfaces and Operation
- •Trigonometry. Units of Measurement
- •Figure 1 - a radian defined
- •Interrupts
- •Programs
- •Other microcontroller features
- •Higher integration
- •What Is a Control Engineer?
- •Специальность «Автоматизация и управление»
- •Linear versus Nonlinear Control Systems
- •Principles of Automatic Emergency Control
- •Сети следующего поколения
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
Беспроводные интерфейсы
Ю. И. Иванов, В. Я. Югай
Иногда в средствах передачи данных применение традиционных проводных каналов связи по каким-либо причинам невозможно. В этих случаях необходима передача данных с применением беспроводных интерфейсов. Наряду с известными в этой области средствами, в настоящее время разрабатываются и предлагаются новые средства. Наиболее отработаны и стандартизованы беспроводные интерфейсы на основе оптических каналов связи и радиоканалов дециметрового и сантиметрового диапазонов.
Например, беспроводные Wi-Fi сети с использованием радиоканалов становятся все более популярными, число компьютерных периферийных устройств, поддерживающих эти интерфейсы, постоянно растет. Примерами реализации являются уже широко применяемый интерфейс «Bluetooth» и разрабатываемый в настоящее время UWB.
Иванов, Ю. И., Югай, В. Я. Интерфейсы средств автоматизации: Учеб. пособие. – Таганрог: Изд-во ТРТУ, 2005. – 252 c. (С. 45).
10. Study the following expressions to write a resume in English:
1) The author of the article is…
The article is written by…
2) The main idea of the article is…
The article is devoted to…
The article deals with…
The article touches upon…
The article presents some results which illustrate…
3) The purpose of the article is to give the reader some information to…
The purpose of the article is to determine / to compare…
The aim of the article is to provide the reader some data / material on…
4) The author starts by telling the readers about / that…
The author writes / stresses / thinks / points out that…
The article describes…
It is described (in short) – (кратко) описывается
…is / are introduced - вводится
…is / are given – дается / предлагается
…is / are provided for - обеспечивается
…is / are examined / investigated - исследуется
…is / are analyzed - анализируется
…is formulated - формулируется
Attention is drawn to… - обращается внимание на…
The data are given about… - приводятся данные о…
Attempts are made to analyze / to formulate… - делаются попытки…
According to the article…
Further the author reports / says that…
The article goes on to say that…
The need is stressed to employ – подчеркивается необходимость…
5) The first part deals with…
The second part is about…
The third part of the article includes the fact on…
6) In conclusion the article reads…
The author comes to the conclusion that…
Conclusions are made
Recommendations are given
7) I found the article interesting / important / of value for…
etc.
11. Study the text and the resume to it:
The End of a Monopoly Era
The GSM community is fond of talking about the benefits of competition. Competition between operators is said to be good. Competition between handset suppliers is said to be good. And competition between infrastructure suppliers is said to be good.
The irony of this is that throughout the first half of the 1990sGSM was itself a virtual wireless technology monopoly. Japan got a good Second Generation digital system up and running in the form of PDC. But it then found that a combination of the frequency band it operates in, and inflexible commercial acumen on the part of Japanese suppliers, meant that it could not succeed outside Japan. For its part, North America floundered between fledgling TDMA and IS-95 CDMA systems. Neither of them looked like succeeding in the United States, let alone anywhere further afield.
During the first five years of commercial deployment, GSM has enjoyed startling success. But it has only done so by virtue of being the only credible Second Generation technology on the market. That comfortable position has changed during 1996 with the position of the first serious challenges by alternative technologies. IS-95 CDMA has got off the ground and is alive and commercially kicking at last in the Far East and in the United States. IS-136 TDMA now looks like a far more serious option than IS-54. And Japan’s cordless PHS has clearly stolen the wireless limelight from GSM with its extraordinary take-up rates. All of a sudden, the world looks like a different place. GSM can no longer assume continued success on the same scale as before. It is no longer the only credible digital wireless solution.
This new reality necessitates a change of strategy on the part of the GSM community. The first thing which has to go is the negative mindset which some Europeans have had towards other digital technologies. True, some of the marketing of IS-95 has been highly derogatory about GS. But now that that seems to have peaked, there is no point pretending that the alternatives to GSM are not a lot more credible than they were a couple of years ago.
In any case it is childish to deny the hugely positive impact which the rise of these rivals has had on the GSM standard. But for the threat posed by IS-95, it is doubtful whether PCS-1900 operators in the US would have pushed so hard for an enhanced 3 kbits/s vocoder – an enhancement which other GSM operators world-wide are now able to benefit from. It is also doubtful whether the migration towards Phase 2+ would now be moving as fast as it is were it not for the GSM camp’s need to stay ahead of the game in the value added service, data and information stakes.
Faced with a new competitive landscape, the GSM community also needs to be more thorough in its marketing. The IS-95 camp has been pushing themselves as much – if it not more – as wireless local loop suppliers. The GSM community, by contrast, has done very little to position itself for wireless local loop.
The evolution of regulatory and standardization policy for GSM has become a little less Euro-centric but it is still too wrapped up in the blue and yellow of the European Union. The American Way has definitely been a positive influence in the last couple of years. The doors should be opened still wider. Asia’s GSM operators are also the key to GSM future. Regrettably, the only Asian countries with sufficiently powerful and outward looking telecoms policy bodies are Japan and Korea, both of which are outside the GSM camp.
1997 opens a new chapter – a Phase Two so to speak –in GSM’s development. Europe’s technology has done fantastically well without any real rivals. Now it must do just as well in the face of real competition.
Patrick Donegan GSM World Focus 1997, p.7
Resume
Donegan P. The End of a Monopoly Era. GSM World Focus, 1997, p.7.