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Суфийский теолого-философский синтез аль-Газали. Монография

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 ,    , ,  ,   (  ).     .         ,     ,     «»,       .
-   ,     - .     ,       ­ .  ,    ­ ,      ­,   .      ­    ,      ­ -       ­  .     - ­  ,      ­.         ,       , ,         ,  .      - ­     ­,  ,  .       ,  ­  , ,     -
  ,       
    . -   «­ »     ,    «,   ».      ,    ,   «­   , 
 .     ­,       -
261
,     »1.     ,    ,    ,  -,   ,       –   ,  .
   ,  ­       .   -  ­            «»  ­   . - ,        ,      .   ­           ,  ­     ,    «­   »,           ,    ,    « ».
     ­        ­,          .    ,  ,   -,   ,      ­.   ,     ­   ,       
 ,   ,    –    ,     -      .
, ,  « «       «», «», «» ,    , «   ». 
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-. . T. 1. . 36.
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-    ,   ­      .   ­ ,     ,        ­,         ­  . -       ,  «   ,   ».     ­,   ,   ­  «»  ,    ­   ,      ­     .
-  « »        ­ .     ,       ,    ,    « » (-  ).       , ,      ­     . ­    -   ­ .   ,  ,  «         ­ , ,      ­   .     ­ .      ,      ,   -
1
  ,   »
.  ,  -
     ,  ,          .
         ,  ,   -, ­ .    ,  , 
1
-. . T. 3. . 139.
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,     ,  ­.    –         ,     ,  ­ ,   ,    .    « »,  -    ,   .       ­.      ,  ­      -  ,    ,      : «  !»   -   ,     , ­       ,      ­.
       ,       ,      .    ­               «».    - ­     ,  ­    .    –  ,    ­.  ,        ,           .     .    ­ ,        ­1.
      ­     ,      , -
1
-. . T. 1. . 362.
264
    .      ­ ,          - .
§ 2. Рационализм и суфийская мораль
-    , ­ .    ,    ,   – 
  « «,   «­ -» (« »).    -,  ,   ,  ­  « ». , ,       ,      ,   ,   
1
.
    , , ­    .    ­  .              ­.        ,     ,     ?2.   ­  ,  ,    ,       , ,    ,    ( -),    .         .  ,      ,   -,        .   , -       ­    .  «»  
1
-. . T. 1. . 15.
2
 .
265
  (   «»)  ,    ,    .     «»   « ­» – ,      ­ .      -    ,   ,  
   . ,  ­    «»,     .      ,   ­        .    -,  «»  «» ­, ,   
- ­    . ,  «   ...»  ,   «      ,       .     ,      ,   ,       ­.  ,      ,   ,  ,    ,    »1.    ­    ,      .   –       .   «»     ­.    -   ,      «» ,  
«» .   -
    .
 ,     
 ;    
2
. 
1
-. - -. . 156.
2
-.  -. . 31.
266
        1.    –  2.       , «      »    –  »3.    . «  ,   –   ,   – , ­   »4.      5, -  ,     .  ,     ,  « », « », « »  « »,   –   ,   ­     .  – «» ­6    « »7.  « ­» - ,    ­     8.  «»  ,   – « ,  ­  .         ,  –  ,  –  »9.  – 
«       »10.
-     -
 ,  ,    ,    « »,   ,    - .   -
1
-.  -. C. 31.
2
 .
3
 . . 53.
4
 . . 77.
5
 . . 82.
6
 . . 86.
7
 . . 87.
8
 . . 102.
9
-. . T. 1. . 83.
10
 .
267
   . ,   ,  –  ,  –      ,   ( ) –   1.
-    ,      ,  ,   ­   .  ,  ­   –    «­»  «»       .    «  », ­      ?  ­       ­,     «  ». ­   ,  « » ( -)  « » ( -),       . ,   ,    « -»  « -»,  ,   2.
 -    ­        ,     « », «»    .        ­- ,     ­  «»    .
        ,      « »,              .  ­  -     ­ –   ,    .      .
1
-. . T. 1. . 86.
2
 . . 89.
268
 , -   ­       «  ».  ,    ­       ­       ,   ­    .  ­ 
,           .      ,    –  ,    . « – ,    – .  ,      , –   .  ­,    
,
»1.
       ­    .  ­ –       ­ ,   .  ­,       .  ,  -    , ­, «»    – , ,   ,   ,   ­.      ­       «, !».       , ­      -
2
 
.    -
      3,      ,      .       : «,   –   
1
-. . T. 1. . 88.
2
-. --. . 93.
3
 . . 94.
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;    –     ; ­,  ,   ».  ­        ­.  «, !»      ,    ­.        ­
« »,   -- -  : «     , ­  .   ,      ».
 », ,  - ­ - ,   , ­.    
      .      ­     ,          ­   .       .   «»  , «   ».  ,        ,   ,       ,  ­ –    . , «­» -  «, !» –              .
        ­,      .  ­   -     ,   «    »,   ,       ­,   .  ,   ­         -       . -    ,  -
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