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Суфийский теолого-философский синтез аль-Газали. Монография

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  »  «  ,   ­» (    «    ­ »),    «    »  «  ».   ­    ,     .   ,  ­      ­       ,                    .
  ,  ­,      ­       ,         ,       ­. , , -   « », « »  « »    ,              «    ».               ,   -.
, -   « ­»,    « ­».     « ­»,  -
– « »,         « ».  ,  -   « ­»,  -  « ».  ,    -, ,        ­. ,   , 
 ,          .     
351
    -   ­ .         – ,  ­      «   ­  »       «   “ ”»,  ­   
  -
   .
    ,   -,  ­     ­  .  ,   ­    ,     -,  ,     
   .    ,   ,  ­,      ­,    –         ,    -.          ­,   -,     -   . , ,    ,   - ­ .     ­  -     ,        , ­ , 
 .      ­   ,  ­,     . , ­   -,    ­  -    ­      ­. , ,  
-   , -      «  » –   ,
352
       ­.       ­,    ,    14, 23  29.
      ­     ­,         .   
         ­.         ,             -     .
     -
 ,   
    -        ­  ,      ­          ­.         ,    , ­   .   ­      ,      -,  ­ .           .        .  ­ ,    ,
­ ,   ­  :     ­       ­.     
« » -.
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§ 3. История и достижения современных
исследований произведений аль-Газали
     ­,      «   ­»         «­    ­»,     1959 .,     ,     -  « ­»      ,          ­.        ­      ,    «» -  ,       .
     :        ­,     .        :
1) ,    -    ,      ­   : ,  ,     - -;
2) ,    ,  -,  ­      ­: ,  ..,  , ­ , --,  - -;
3) ,    ­,    , ­      ­ : ,    « », ­  «-»,    « », ,    «
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»     «   »;
4) ,         ­       : ,   ,  , ,    - .
  ,     ,         
1)     -
: , , , ;
2)      ­ :  ,  , , ,  - .
 ,     .  ,  ,    ­     ,     ,        ­   .
  ,       ,   ,  ­     .      
  ­,      -.   ,   ,  ,     .        -     -.            
,    ­ ,   ,          ­ ,            .
355
     ­- ,    ­,    -  ­     .        ­ ,      ­     :    -         ,        ­,     ,   ­.           ,   ,   ,   .
Первое направление    ,     .      «   -»,     1858 .1,   .         « -»,     1934–1941 .2,    .     « »,      «  », « », « », « », «  »  «    ».
        ­  .      , ­     -.
Второе направление  , ­ ,  ,  - ­  .   ,  «
1
Gosche R. Uber Ghazzalis Leben und Werke. Berlin, 1858.
2
Asin Palacios. La espiritualidad de Algazel y su sentido cristiano, 4 vol. Ma-
drid – Grenada, 1934-1941.
356
-        »1,    «  ,    »  .
Заки Мубарак    « -»2, ­     ,      -,   ­ ,  :
1. «  ».
2. «   ».
3. «    ».
4. « ».
5. « ».
6. « ».
7. « ».
8. « ».
9. «  ».
10. «    »,
11. « ».
12. « ».
13. « ».
14. «,  ».
15. «   ».
16. «   “”».
17. « ».
18. « ».
19. « ».
20. «    ­».
21. «    ­ ».
22. «  ».
1
Macdonald D.B. The life of al-Ghazzali with special reference to his reli-
gious experience and opinions, in JAOS. Vol. XX. 1899. P. 17-132.
2
 .  -. : -, 1971.
357
 ,       -
 -:
1. « ».
2. «   ».
3. «  ».
4. « ».
5. «   ».
 «  ,   »,  -
  -,   .
Сулейман Дунья   «   ­»       ­ -,     ,  , « », «    »  « ».  ­ -   «  ­ », « »  « ­   »     .
      ­    : ,     ,    .
   ,  -   ,   . ­ 
, .      
  -.
        -,      ,       ,    .
  ,  -      
  .
  ,   -     ,   ,     ­  .
358
    ­,    ,     -,    ­  .    ­   ,      ­ . ,        ,   
­     . ,       . ­ ,      ­   , –   ,         -  ­  .
Третье направление  ,
­   « »1, ,   « »2,  ­ ,  «    »3.      , ­      « »4.
Четвертое направление        - –     ,      .     ­,   ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  - -   - .          -
1
Gairdner W.H.T. «Al-Ghazalis Mishkat al-Anwar and the Ghazali problem»
in Der Islm, vol.4, 1914.
2
Gholdziher I. Strichschrift des Ghazali gegeg di Batinija in kitabu”l-
Mustadhiri, Leiden, 1916.
3
Margaret Smith. Al- Risalat al-laduniyya, in JRAS, 1958, p.177-200, 353-
374.
4
Watt W.M. A forgery in al-Ghazalis Mishkat, in JRAS, part 1-2, 1949, p.5-
22.
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    ­.
Анри Массиньон    ­       « ­      ­ »,   1929 .   ­   -    :
Первый период (478–384 г.х.)
1. «  ».
Второй период (484–488 г.х.)
2. « ».
3. « ».
4. « ».
5. «-»,  487 ..
Третий период (492–495 г.х.)
6. «  ».
7. «  ».
8. « ».
9. «   ».
Четвертый период (495–505 г.х.)
10. «   ».
11. «  ».
12. «     ».
13. «,  ».
14. « ».
15. « ».
16. «».
17. « ».
18. « ».
19. «    ».
20. «    ».
21. «  ».
22. «   ».
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