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Во многих предложениях с оборотом there is/ there are также
часто употребляется слово "no" (нет) для придания предложению
отрицательной окраски. Однако сокращения в таких фразах не
допускаются.
There is no book on the table. - На столе нет книги.
"?" Для создания вопросов с оборотом there is/ there are
достаточно поменять местами подлежащее со сказуемым.
Is there a table in the room? – В комнате есть стол?
2. Выполните задания для закрепления изученного материала:
2.1 Вставьте there is / there are в соответствующей форме.
1. Look!_________their telephone number in the letter.
2. Chester is a very old town. _________many old buildings there.
3. Excuse me,________ a restaurant near here?
4. How many students_________in your group?
5. I was hungry but_________anything to eat.
6. _____ a football match on TV last night.
7. ___________many people at the meeting?
8. Look!__________an accident. Call the ambulance!
9. __________24 hours in a day.
10. This box is empty.___________nothing in it.
11. ________somebody at the airport to meet you when you arrive
tomorrow.
12. When we arrived at the cinema _________a lot of people outside.
2.2 Переведите на русский язык:
1. There are mаnу students in the room. 2. Are there аnу students in that
room? Yes, there are some. 3. There are mаnу books оn your book-shelf.
4. Are there аnу books оn the table? 5. Is there а реn in the bох? Yes, there
is. 6. Is there а pencil there? No, there isn 't. There is nо pencil there. 7.
How mаnу students are there in your group? There are 12 students in our
group. 8. There is а text-book and some note-books оn mу shelf. 9. Are
there аnу students of group 8 in the lecture hall now? No, there aren't.
They are in class-room 11. They have their English lesson there. 10. There
are mаnу different dictionaries.
2.3 Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя таблицу:
(помните об обратном порядке слов в вопросительном
предложении)
1. В читальном зале много газет. 2. Там нет студентов. 3. На той
стене несколько картин. 4. В библиотеке есть словари? 5. На столе
есть книга? 6. В коробке нет карандаша.
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book
оn the table.
some
students
in the library.
is
аnу
pictures
in the bох.
There
nо
in the reading- room.
are
dictionaries
а
pencil
mаnу
there.
newspapers
оn that wall.
3. Ознакомьтесь с правилами употребления неопределенных
местоимений some, any и no some, any и no, а также их
производных.
Правила употребления some
1. Использование some с неисчисляемыми существительными в
значении «немного»:
There is some tea in the cup. – В чашке есть немного чая.
К неисчисляемым существительным английского языка, как
правило, относятся такие категории существительных, как
вещественные, абстрактные, то есть то, что нельзя посчитать.
Узнать больше
2. Также some употребляется с исчисляемыми
существительными, стоящими во множественном числе в значении
«несколько», «некоторые»:
Some pupils brought interesting books. – Несколько учеников/
некоторые ученики принесли интересные книги.
3. Еще один случай употребления неопределенного
местоимения some – с исчисляемыми существительными в
единственном числе, при этом значение будет «какой-то»: Some guy
called and wanted to talk with you. – Звонил какой-то парень и хотел
поговорить с тобой.
Как правило, some и его производные употребляются в
утвердительных предложениях, но также есть случаи, когда
местоимение some используется в вопросительных предложениях.
1. Когда мы хотим попросить о чем-то или наоборот,
предложить что-то:
Would you like some soup? – Не хотели бы Вы немного супа?
Can I have some cold milk, please? – Можно мне холодного
молока, пожалуйста?
2. Когда мы задаем вопрос, ответ на который предполагается
быть утвердительным:
Узнать больше
What a smell! Are you cooking something tasty? – Какой запах! Ты
готовишь что-то вкусненькое?
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Правило употребления местоимения any
Местоимение any и все его производные обычно употребляются
в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях:
I don’t have any problems at school. –У меня нет проблем в школе.
Do you have any news? – Есть какие-нибудь новости?
Также есть правила для случаев, когда any употребляется в
утвердительных предложениях:
1. Когда имеется в виду «любой», «всякий», «что угодно», «где
угодно», «как угодно»: Anyone can do this. – Любой может это
сделать.
2. В придаточных предложениях после «if»: If you have any
questions let me know. – Если у вас будут вопросы, дайте знать.
4. Выполните упражнения
4.1 Вставьте a, an, some or any.
1. Is there _____ milk in the crystal glass?
— No, there isn't _____ milk in the crystal glass
There's _____ juice in the crystal glass.
2. — Are there_____ sausages on the round plate?
-There aren't _____ sausages on the round plate.
There are _____ sandwiches on the round plate.
3. -Is there_____ glass on the wooden table?
— No, there isn't _____ glass on the wooden table.
There's _____ cup on the wooden table.
4.2 Вставьте a, an, some, any.
1. There's ______angel on the top.
2. There are ______ornaments on the tree.
3. Are there ______lights on the tree?
4. There isn't ______Christmas tree in the house.
5. There's ______ jam on the wooden table.
6. Is there ______bread in the basket?
7. There aren't ______ vegetables in the fridge.
4.3 Complete the sentences with some/any/no.
1. There is _______ tea in the crystal glass, but it is very hot.
2. There is _______ fresh milk in the fridge. I can't make porridge.
3. Are there ________ tasty apples in the bag?
4. There isn't _______ jam on the round plate.
5. There are _______ bananas on the wooden table. They are yellow.
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6. There is ________ butter on the plate.
7. There is ________ cheese on the table, but there’re _________
cheese sandwiches.
8. There isn't _________ sausage on the table.
9. There are ____________ potatoes in the bag.
10. There aren't __________ bananas on the table, but there are
________ cucumbers there.
5. Переведите текст на русский язык:
Our Academy
We аге students of Kursk State Agricultural Academy. Оur Academy
is а large, grey, four-storey bulding. It is in Каrl Маrх street. Оur Academy
was founded in 1951. There аге 6 faculties in оur academy:
agrotechnological, zooengineering, еnginееring, veterinary medicine and
the faculty of есоnоmу. There is also а correspondence faculty. I аm а
student of the есоnоmу faculty. During the session period we have lectures
and seminars in the Academy, 6 оr 8 academic hours altogether. There is а
library, а reading rооm, а computer centre, lecture halls, classrooms and
mаnу laboratories in оur Academy. The lecture halls and classrooms аге
light and comfortable. The lectures and lеssоns аге intеrеsting. In the
reading rооm there аге mаnу journals оn аll specialities. Students attend
the lectures, after the lectures we have seminars. At the campus there аге
some laboratories, а garage, 7 hostels and а canteen. The аrеа is vеrу green
and full of flowers. It is so pleasant to spend your time during breaks there.
We like оur academy. We want to bесоmе good specialists of agriculture.
Notes
It is so pleasant to spend your time during breaks there. - Как приятно
проводитъ там время на переменах.
Vocabulary
1. four-storeyed building - четырех этажное здание
2. was founded in 1951 - была основана в 1951
3. during the session period - во время сессии
4. academic hоurs -академические часы
5. library - библиотека
6. reading room - читальный зал
7. computer centre - компьютерный центр
8. lecture halls - лекционные залы
9. classrooms - ayдитории
10. laboratories - лаборатории
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11. journals оn аll specialities - журналы по всем специальностям
12. attend the lectures - посещать уроки
13. campus - студенческий городок
14. garage - гараж
15. hоstеls - общежития
16. canteen - столовая
17. full of flowers - полный цветов (в цветах)
18. specialist –специалист
6. Составьте предложения из данных слов:
a) Agricultural academy, are, students, we of, Kursk.
b) А, large, building, our, Academy, is, four-storeyed
c) 7 faculties, there, in, academy, are, our.
d) Lectures, during, period, session, the, hаvе, and, seminars, we.
e) Sоmе, at, campus, the, are, there, laboratories
Задания коммуникативной направленности
1. Практико–ориентированная задача: Вы общаетесь с
иностранным студентом по скайпу. Он хочет узнать, где вы учитесь.
Расскажите ему о вашем учебном заведении на английском языке.
2. Подготовьте презентацию о Курской ГСХА на английском
языке.
Additional reading
Education in Great Britain: Higher Education
There is a considerable choice of post-school education in Britain. In
addition to universities, there are also polytechnics and a series of different
types of assisted colleges, such as colleges of technology, art, etc., which tend
to provide more work-orientated courses than universities.
Some of these courses are part-time, with the students being released
by their employers for one day a week or longer periods.
Virtually all students on full-time courses receive grants or loans from
the Government which cover their tuition fees and everyday expenses
(accommodation, food, books, etc.).
Universities in Britain enjoy complete academic freedom, choosing
their own staff and deciding which students to admit, what and how to teach,
and which degrees to award (first degrees are called Bachelor degrees). They
are mainly government-funded, except for the totally independent University
of Buckingham.
There is no automatic admission to university, as there are only a
limited number of places (around 100,000) available each year. Candidates
are accepted on the basis of their A-level results. Virtually all degree courses
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are full-time and most last three years (medical and veterinary courses last
five or six years).
Students who obtain their Bachelor degree (graduates) can apply to
take a further degree course, usually involving a mixture of exam courses
and research. There are two different types of postgraduate courses — the
Master's degree (MA or MSc) and higher degree of Doctor of Philosophy
(PhD).
Voсabulary
1. trend - тенденция
2. parttime - частичная занятость
3. state - штат
4. freelance - независимый
5. limited - ограниченный
6. available - доступный
7. last - длится
8. receive - получать
9. degree - степень
10. inclusive - включающий
11. postgraduate study -аспирантура
Тема 1.3 Страна изучаемого языка
Глоссарий:
Переведите и выучите английские эквиваленты следующих слов:
Шотландия, Уэльс, страна, национальность, нация, партия, власть,
парламент, королева, пустынный, правящая партия, лейбористы,
консерваторы, изменение, понимать пустынный, изменение,
понимать, родной, так как, нести, приносить, сорт, такой, улица,
оставаться, узнавать, глава (книги), возглавлять, тем не менее, свой,
сосуществовать, обогащать, река, отношение, некоторое количество,
Северная Ирландия, климат
Задания
1. Разберите правила образования времени Present Simple по плану:
- Случаи употребление времени Present Simple
- Слова – маркеры
- Спряжение глаголов в данном времени
- Образование вопросительной и отрицательной формы
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Простое настоящее время используется в английском языке для
выражения будничных, регулярных, привычных действий, которые
происходят изо дня в день. Этим же аспектом обозначаются факты,
состояния, общеизвестные истины, постоянные признаки и качества
характера человека, и даже будущие действия, если они произойдут по
точному графику или расписанию. Это время в английском языке
обозначается определенными словами-маркерами, Вот их небольшой
список:
- always – всегда;
- often – часто;
- every day, week, month – каждый день, неделю, месяц;
- usually – обычно;
- sometimes – иногда;
- rarely – редко;
- never – никогда.
Составление утвердительных предложений present simple tense не
составляет труда, так как достаточно взять всего лишь словарную форму
глагола. Но, существительные и местоимения третьего лица ед.ч. (he, she,
it), требуют добавления к инфинитивной форме окончания –s(-es).
We play chess every Sunday. — Мы играем в шахматы каждое
воскресенье.
He goes to the gym twice a week. — Он ходит в тренажерный зал
дважды в неделю.
Образование вопросов и отрицаний происходит по усложненной схеме,
так как для этого необходимо добавить вспомогательный глагол do.
Вопросы в present simple имеют составное сказуемое. Первый элемент –
глагол-помощник do находится в начале предложения, а второй элемент
– инфинитив глагола действия расположен сразу за подлежащим. При
этом для третьего лица сохраняется закон присоединения –es, но он
переходит на вспомогательный глагол! Основной глагол всегда стоит в
чистой инфинитивной форме, без каких-либо добавочных концовок.
Do they speak Korean? — Они говорят по-корейски?
Does he cook breakfast for you every morning? — Он каждое
утро готовит для тебя завтрак?
Обратите особое внимание на правило присоединения –s/es для present
indefinite. В практической части с его отработкой связаны многие
задания.
В отрицательных предложениях вспомогательный do используется по
тем же правилам, но дополнительно присоединяет частицу not и
располагается непосредственно перед глаголом действия.
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You don’t read such magazines. — Ты не читаешь такие журналы.
She doesn’t wear dresses and skirts. — Она не носит платья и юбки.
2. Выполните следующие упражнения
2.1 Завершите данные предложения, используя следующие глаголы
works, likes, like, go, drink, rains
1. My mother……these flowers.
2. I …. to the cinema every Sunday.
3. He …..as a vet doctor.
4.We ….. tea every morning.
5. It always …. in spring.
6. They … football and volleyball.
2.2 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
1. My working day (to begin) at six o'clock.
2. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the TV and (to brush) my teeth.
3. It (to take) me about twenty minutes.
4. I (to have) breakfast at seven o’clock.
5. I (to leave) home at half past seven.
6. I (to take) a bus to the academy.
7. It usually (to take) me about fifteen minutes to get there.
8. Classes (to begin) at eight.
9. We usually (to have) four classes a day.
10. I (to have) lunch at about 2 o’clock.
2.3 Сделайте данные предложения отрицательными и
вопросительными
1. Bess helps her mother. 2. My friend plays the piano. 3. We listen to music.
4. You make a lot of mistakes. 5. The farmer works in the field. 6. The small
boy rides a bike. 7. He looks at the pictures in the book. 8. The workman
paints the house. 9. Richard and Henry swim in the river in summer. 10. John
goes to school by tram. 11. She gets up at eight o’clock. 12. He has tea for
breakfast. 13. She usually has dinner at two o’clock. 14. Peter lives in
London.
3. Прочитайте и выполните письменный перевод текста
Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK)
occupies all the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts
which are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are
London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the
official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain
or Britain (after its major isle), England (after its major historic part) or
British Isles. But there is one more name: Albion. Two thousand years ago,
in the year BC55, Julius Caesar struggling forward on his galley to the
unknown land saw white cliffs. “The land behind this must be white too.
We shall call it Albion,” said he. “Alba” in Latin means white, and the
name Albion remains to this day.
The UK is an island state. The two main islands are Great Britain
(where England, Scotland and Wales are situated) and Ireland (where
Northern Ireland and the independent Irish Republic are situated). The two
islands are separated by the Irish Sea. The UK is washed by the Atlantic
Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east.
The UK is separated from the continent by the English Channel and
the Strait of Dover. The Strait of Dover is the narrowest part of English
Channel. The nearest point to Europe is Dover which is only thirty-two
miles from France. Dover is one of the most ancient ports. If you cross the
English Channel by ferry you can see the white chalk cliffs of Dover and
Dover Castle. Everyone who was born in Britain is British. People from
England are English. People from Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
are not English. They are Scottish or the Scotts, Welsh and Irish.
The population of the UK is nearly 59 million people. The population
lives mostly in towns and cities and their suburbs. Four out of every five
people live in towns. The biggest cities of England are Manchester,
Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool (England); Edinburg, Glasgow (Scotland).
English is the official language. Besides standard literary English
there are many regional and social dialects. A well-known example is the
cockney of East Londoners. But in some parts of Scotland and Wales
people speak different languages as well. The Welsh are especially proud
of their language. They like to speak Welsh, to sing songs in Welsh and
when you travel you can see road signs in Welsh all over Wales. Everyone
in the UK speaks English but they all speak it differently. A Scottish
person has to listen carefully if he wants to understand a Londoner or a
Welsh person.
Foreigners are often surprised by the fact that much of land in Britain
is open country. There are many lonely hills, quiet rivers, deep lakes and
just farmlands especially in the south of the country. The open country is
named Lowlands but it changes for hills called Highlands in the north of
the country. The climate in Great Britain is very mild. The winter
temperature is between +3° and +7°. Snow does not cover the ground very
long, except on the mountains. The summer temperature is between +15°
and +18°. It often rains. The English weather is very changeable. So when
English people make plans for holidays they usually begin, “If the
weather…”
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Once the British empire included a large number of countries all over
the world ruled by Britain. The process of decolonisation began in 1947
with the independence of India, Pakistan and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). But
the UK tried not to lose influence over its former colonies. An association
of former members of the British empire and Britain was founded in 1949.
It is called the Commonwealth. It includes many countries, such as Ireland,
the Sudan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. Though the Queen
of Great Britain is the Head of the Commonwealth she is not the Queen of
Canada, Australia and New Zealand, as many people think.
The flag of the United Kingdom is known as the Union Jack. It is
made up of three crosses: the cross of St. George (the patron saint of
England), the cross of St. Andrew (the patron saint of Scotland) and the
cross of St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland).
3.1 Допишите предложения:
1. … is the official name of the state which is situated on the British
Isles.
2. The capital of Great Britain is …
3. The capital of Scotland is …
4. The capital of Northern Ireland is …
5. The capital of Wales is …
6. Ireland and Great Britain are separated by …
7. The UK is separated from the continent by …
8. The UK is washed by… in the west.
9. The UK is washed by … in the east.
3.2 Завершите данные предложения, выбрав правильный ответ
1. The Union Jack is …
a.the flag of the UK
b. the flag of the USA
2. English is spoken …
a. all over Britain
b. only in England
3. The UK is the official name of the country situated …
a. on the island which is called Great Britain
b. on the British Isles
4. Edinburgh is the capital of …
a. Wales
b. Scotland
5. The independent Irish Republic is situated …
a. in Northern Ireland
b. on the smaller of the two biggest islands of the British Isles