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Файл:Английский язык. Текстильные волокна. Материаловедение. Учебное пособие
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9. The kind of shuttles to be introduced shortly will greatly decrease the
degree of noise at the shop.
10. This is the kind of needle to be used for the new knitting machine.
8. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the different functions of
the Infinitive
1. Cotton is said to be the most important vegetable fibre.
2. It is known to be a very soft substance.
3. We know cotton fibre to grow around the cotton seed.
4. The fibres to be transported to the spinning mills should be baled.
5. We know these cotton fibres to have been separated from the seeds.
6. To subject the fibres to further treatment certain preparatory operations
are necessary.
7. The seeds appear to have been separated from the fibres.
8. To make the fibres suitable for spinning all of the impurities should be
removed.
9. Cotton seems to take the leading place among textiles.
10. Flax is known to be a vegetable fibre.
11. To reduce the cost of production new machinery was introduced.
12. The yarns to be employed for this article must be dyed.
13. The dyes to be employed for this article must be of natural origin.
14. To give the fibres additional lustre certain treatment is to be applied.
15. The flax fibre is found to be recovered from the inner stem of the plant.
16. This seems to be in marked contrast to cotton.
17. We know cotton to be obtained from the boll the cotton plant.
18. To obtain silk fibre of the desired thickness several filaments should be
joined together.
19. Silk fibre is known to be covered by silk gum.
20. Silk gum is said to be brushed away before the end of the silk fibre can
be found.
9. Translate the sentences
1. The fibres to be used for this purpose should be mercerized.
2. The kind of finish to be imparted to this fabric can be achieved by this
treatment.
3. Man-made filaments to be transformed into fabrics are usully cut into
desired staple.
4. Fabric to be used for outer garments should be subjected to this
treatment.
5. The cocoons to be wound off are previously kept in hot water.
6. The threads to be used as warp are held in position on the loom.
7. All of the looms to be employed for mass production will be automatic.
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8. Qualified operators will attend to the looms to be intended for first
quality articles.
9. The kind of shuttles to be introduced shortly will greatly decrease the
degree of noise at the shop.
10. This is the kind of needle to be used for the new knitting machine.
10. Translate the sentences
1. Cotton is said to be the most important vegetable fibre.
2. It is known to be a very soft substance.
3. We know cotton fibre to grow around the cotton seed.
4. The fibres to be transported to the spinning mills should be baled.
5. We know these cotton fibres to have been separated from the seeds.
6. To subject the fibres to further treatment certain preparatory operations
are necessary.
7. The seeds appear to have been separated from the fibres.
8. To make the fibres suitable for spinning all of the impurities should be
removed.
9. Cotton seems to take the leading place among textiles.
10. Flax is known to be a vegetable fibre.
11. To reduce the cost of production new machinery was introduced.
12. The yarns to be employed for this article must be dyed.
13. The dyes to be employed for this article must be of natural origin.
14. To give the fibres additional lustre certain treatment is to be applied.
15. The flax fibre is found to be recovered from the inner stem of the plant.
16. This seems to be in marked contrast to cotton.
17. We know cotton to be obtained from the boll the cotton plant.
18. To obtain silk fibre of the desired thickness several filaments should be
joined together.
19. Silk fibre is know to be covered by silk gum.
20. Silk gum is said to be brushed away before the end of the silk fibre can
be found.
21. To study the physical structure of fibres one must use a microscope.
22. The operation known as retting is commonly used to recover flax fibres
from the flax plant.
23. To impart the fibres additional strength the fibres have to be twisted.
24. These fabrics are treated by the kind of chemicals to be handled
carefully.
25. We suppose linen to be more expensive than cotton.
26. Flax seems to be grown extensively for many centuries.
27. We know the colour of the flax fibres at the stage of production to be
not white.
28. The part of the loom to be used for beating up the weft thread is called
the reed.
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29. The new machinery to be introduced here will certainly increase the
productivity of labour.
30. Cotton linters are sometimes used to produce chemical fibres.
31. All unwanted parts of the flax were removed in order to recover the
flax libres.
32. Wool is known to be very soft substance.
33. We know sheep to be extensively raised in South America.
34. To separate fibres from the stems of the flax plant the latter were
steeped in water.
35. The fibres to be tested were placed under the microscope.
36. The pelts of certain sheep are known to be used as furs.
37. The spinning solution to be forced through the spinnerets was placed in
a special container.
38. These are the raw materials to be transformed into the spinning
solution.
39. We know New Zealand to be one of the greatest sheep-breading
regions.
40. Heat and pressure treatment is necessary in order to transform wool
fibres into felt.
GERUND
1. Translate the sentences
1. Finishing the treads is very important in making them uniform and even.
2. We can increase the productivity of the looms by reducing their
stoppage time.
3. You can study the physical structure of fibres by observing them under a
microscope.
4. Making fabrics can be performed either by weaving or by knitting.
5. We cannot study the physical structure of fibres without using a
1. microscope.
6. Examining the fibres with such an old microscope may prove somewhat
difficult.
7. Great care is required in handling acids.
8. Attenuating the fibres is the first step in spinning them into yarn.
2. Translate the sentences
1. Due to their having a cooling effect cotton fibres can be used for
summer garments.
2. Additional lustre in fibres can be achieved by their being subjected to
the process of mercerization.
3. Silk filament being strong results in its being suitable for the production
of durable fabrics.
4. Careful examination of fibres revealed their being loosely constructed.
83
5. The destruction of the fabric resulted from its having been improperly
treated.
6. Mercerization resulted in the fibres possessing additional lustre.
7. We did not expect this test being so successful.
8. These fibres cannot be spun without some twist being imparted to them.
9. The failure of the test resulted from its having been improperly
prepared.
10. The use of short fibres resulted in fabrics being not sufficiently strong.
11. Finishing the threads is very important in making them uniform and
even.
12. We can increase the productivity of the looms by reducing their
stoppage time.
13. You can study the physical structure of the fibres by observing them
under the microscope.
14. Making fabrics may be performed either by knitting or by weaving.
15. We cannot study the structure of fibres without using a microscope.
16. Examining the fibres with such an old microscope may prove
somewhat difficult.
17. Great care is required in handling the acids.
18. Attenuating the fibres is the first step in spinning them into yarn.
19. Due to their having a cooling effect cotton fibres can be used for
summer garments.
20. Silk filament being strong results in its being suitable for the
production of strong fabrics.
21. Additional lustre in fibres can be achieved by their being subjected to
the process of mercerization.
22. Careful examination of fibres revealed their being loosely constructed.
23. The destruction of fabric resulted from its having been improperly
treated.
24. Flax being the oldest textile fibre is generally accepted.
25. Mercerization resulted in the fibres possessing additional luster.
26. We did not expect this test being so successful.
27. The failure of the test resulted from its having been unproperly
prepared.
28. The outcome of the study resulted in our having to reject the previous
theory.
29. Synthetic fibres being very strong makes them suitable for the
production of a very durable fabric.
30. The chance of imparting the fibres additional twist is a very poor.
31. The use of short fibres resulted in fabrics being not sufficiently strong.
32. These fibres cannot be spun without some twist being imparted to
them.
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33. Due to their having cooling effect cotton fibres are used for summer
clothes.
3. Translate the sentences. Сокращенный герундиальный оборот
с предлогом
1. On being picked cotton is thoroughly cleaned.
2. After being compressed the cotton fibres are sent to the spinning mill.
3. On being separated from the seeds the fibres can be subjected to further
treatment.
4. Before being spun the fibre have to be placed in a parallel position.
5. On being prepared the spinning solution is to be forced through
spinnerets.
6. After being picked cotton fibres should be separated from the impurities.
7. After being cleaned the fibres are ready for weaving.
8. On being prepared the spinning solution is to be forced through the
spinnerets.
9. Being rather valuable protein fibres are not widely used.
10. On being compressed into the bales the fibres are sent to the spinning
mills.
11. Before being bleached the fabric cannot be dyed into this colour.
12. This sort of fibres should not be spun into yarns without being sized.
13. Because of having been exposed to an acid the fibres lost some of their
strength.
14. This fabric cannot be put into commercial production without being
properly tested.
15. On being washed the fibres were placed into a parallel position.
4. Переведите предложения и укажите тип герундиальной
конструкции
1. Due to their being dirty the fibres have to be washed.
2. Steaming cocoons requires a great deal of care.
3. After being boiled the cocoons can be wound off into hanks.
4. The process of mercerization accounts for these fibres being lustrous
and smooth.
5. Natural fibres cannot be spun into yarns without their being subjected
to several preparations.
6. The physical structure of the fibres can be studied by examining them
under a microscope.
7. The chemical composition of fibres can be determined only after their
being subjected to a number of chemical reactions.
8. We succeeded in finding the end of the silk filament without having to
remove the outer covering of the cocoon.
85
9. We cannot spin this kind of fibres without having to give them some
degree of twist.
10. Because of its containing many impurities cotton cannot be spun into
yarn.
11. The destruction of fibres resulted from their having been improperly
treated.
12. Handling acids requires experience.
13. The appearance of some types of fabrics can be improved by subjecting
them to this treatment.
14. This new quality of the fibre resulted from its having been subjected to
the process of mercerization.
15. We cannot spin fibres into yarns without their being subjected to the
preparatory operations.
16. Additional luster can be achieved by their being subjected to the
process of mercerization.
17. The chemical composition of fibres can be studied only after subjecting
them to a number of reactions.
18. The fibres can be spun only after their being cleaned and placed in
parallel position.
19. These techniques aim at producing the same type of yarns but at
reduced costs.
20. Prior to subjecting the fibres to this treatment we must wash them
several times.
21. There is no way of imparting this property to the fabric.
22. Making the thread uniform in diameter is absolutely necessary.
23. Pressing the spinning solution through the spinnerets must be
performed slowly.
24. We cannot produce high quality thread without making it even and
uniform in diameter.
25. This treatment aims at increasing the luster in fibres.
26. Examining the fibres under the microscope revealed that it consists of
hairlike cylindrical filament.
27. Cotton being chemically cellulose permits cotton linters being used for
the production of chemical fibres.
5. Translate
1. Finishing the treads is very important in making them uniform and even.
2. We can increase the productivity of the looms by reducing their
stoppage time.
3. You can study the physical structure of fibres by observing them under a
4. microscope.
5. Making fabrics can be performed either by weaving or by knitting.
86
6. We cannot study the physical structure of fibres without using a
microscope.
7. Examining the fibres with such an old microscope may prove somewhat
difficult.
8. Great care is required in handling acids.
9. Attenuating the fibres is the first step in spinning them into yarn.
10. Due to their having a cooling effect cotton fibres can be used for
summer garments.
11. Additional lustre in fibres can be achieved by their being subjected to
the process of mercerization.
12. Silk filament being strong results in its being suitable for the
production of durable fabrics.
13. Careful examination of fibres revealed their being loosely constructed.
14. The destruction of the fabric resulted from its having been improperly
treated.
15. Mercerization resulted in the fibres possessing additional lustre.
16. We did not expect this test being so successful.
17. These fibres cannot be spun without some twist being imparted to
them.
18. The failure of the test resulted from its having been unproperly
prepared.
19. The use of short fibres resulted in fabrics being not sufficiently strong.
87
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
В соответствии с программными требованиями для бакалавров
третьего семестра обучения материал данного методического издания был
нацелен на изложение грамматического и лексического материала,
который им необходим для понимания английских текстов по
текстильному материаловедению и текстильным операциям, а также для
развития у них коммуникативной компетенции в своей области владения.
Некоторые из упражнений ориентировали учащихся на самостоятельную
поисковую деятельность, подготовку докладов и презентаций, развивая у
них навыки написания резюме, аннотации, делового письма и эссе.
Основные тексты каждого из уроков основаны на материалах, взятых из
современной англоязычной специализированной литературы и интернетсайтов. Поэтому в рамках изложения программного материала по английскому языку учащимся была предложена актуальная информация по
их специальности, что должно было способствовать расширению их
профессиональных знаний.
Таким образом, при успешном усвоении изложенного материала
обучаемые должны быть подготовлены к практической работе, связанной
с использованием английского языка в профессиональной сфере.
88
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
1. Collier, A. M. A Handbook of Textiles / A. M Collier. - N. Y.: Pergamon
Press, 2014.
2. Griffith, T. Inventive Activity in the British Textile Industry/Griffith Т //
Journal of Economic Industry. − 2013. − Vol. 72. − P. − 881−906.
3. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_industry#21century.
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ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ …………………………………………………………........3
UNIT 1………………………………………….…..………………..........4
UNIT 2………………………………....…………….…..………………..9
UNIT 3…………………………………...……….….…...........................14
UNIT 4………………………………………………................................20
UNIT 5…………………………………………….……………………...25
UNIT 6………………………………………….…………………….......30
UNIT 7………………………………………….………………………...37
UNIT 8……………………………………………….….………………..42
UNIT 9 ………………………………………….………………………..48
UNIT 10…………………………………………………..........................53
UNIT 11…………………………………………………..........................57
ADDITIONAL READING ........................................................................60
GRAMMAR APPENDIX ..........................................................................68
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ ….………………………………….……………..........88
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК …………………………............89
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