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Файл:Английский для студентов-энергетиков. Учебное пособие
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение высшего образования
«Воронежский государственный технический университет»
Т. А. Жданова, С. Р. Соловьева
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-ЭНЕРГЕТИКОВ
Учебное пособие
Воронеж 2023
УДК 811.111(075.8)
Ж422
ISBN 978-5-7731-1049-1
ББК 81.432.1я7
Ж422
кафедра английского языка гуманитарных факультетов
Воронежского государственного университета
(зав. кафедрой д-р филол. наук, профессор О. О. Борискина);
Е. В. Сарафанникова, канд. филол. наук, доц.
Воронежского государственного университета
Жданова, Т. А.
Английский для студентов-энергетиков: учебное пособие
[Электронный ресурс] – Электрон. текстовые и граф. данные (2,1 Мб) /
Т. А. Жданова, С. Р. Соловьева. – Воронеж. ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский
государственный технический университет», 2023. 1 электрон. опт. диск
(CD ROM); цв. – Систем. требования : ПК 500 и выше ; 256 Мб ОЗУ ;
Windows XP ; SVGA с разрешением 1024x768 ; Аdobe Acrobat; CDROM дисковод ; мышь. – Загл. с экрана
Рецензенты:
ISBN 978-5-7731-1049-1
В учебном пособии представлены аутентичные тексты, посвященные
отдельным аспектам электротехники, а также упражнения на английском языке.
Издание предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям
13.03.01 «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника» (профиль «Промышленная
теплоэнергетика»), 13.03.02 «Электроэнергетика и электротехника» (профили
«Электромеханика», «Электроснабжение» и «Электропривод и автоматика»),
27.03.04 «Управление в технических системах» (профили «Системы управления
объектами атомной энергетики» и «Управление и информатика в технических
системах») очной формы обучения.
Библиогр.: 12 назв.
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я7
Издается по решению редакционно-издательского совета
Воронежского государственного технического университета
© Жданова Т. А., Соловьева С. Р., 2023
© ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский
государственный технический
университет», 2023
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по
направлениям: 13.03.01 «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника» (профиль
«Промышленная теплоэнергетика»); 13.03.02 «Электроэнергетика и
электротехника» (профили «Электромеханика», «Электроснабжение» и
«Электропривод и автоматика»); 27.03.04 «Управление в технических
системах» (профили «Системы управления объектами атомной энергетики», а
также «Управление и информатика в технических системах» очной формы
обучения.
Пособие имеет практическую направленность и призвано помочь
студентам при чтении английских текстов по специальности, а также, при
изложении своих мыслей на английском языке.
Данное пособие состоит из четырех частей. Первый и второй разделы
включают шесть профессионально ориентированных англоязычных текстов. В
третьем и четвертом разделах содержится семь тем по указанным выше
профилям.
После тематического материала размещен грамматический справочник,
состоящий из шести сводных грамматических таблиц.
Следует отметить, что работа с грамматическими таблицами не
предполагает непосредственной привязки к определенному тематическому
разделу. Грамматический блок может использоваться как самостоятельно, так и
по мере возникновения потребности проработать то или иное грамматическое
явление.
Каждый тематический раздел включает в себя смежные по тематике
тексты, которые прорабатываются рядом упражнений. Разно плановость
материалов позволяет студентам расширить лексический запас, выводит на
интересные темы для обсуждения, что способствует развитию речевых
навыков.
В целом авторы придерживались определенного единообразия структуры
изложения материала и последующих заданий. При этом в каждом разделе есть
одно или два отличающихся задания. Они направлены на проработку лексики
по специальности, мотивируют студентов мыслить и говорить на заданные
темы, а преподавателю дают возможность варьировать занятия в зависимости
от уровня языковой подготовки студентов.
Авторы надеются, что настоящее пособие поможет преподавателям
развить у обучающихся навыки, необходимые им для дальнейшей успешной
профессиональной деятельности.
3
PART 1
1) electricians;
2) save;
3) voltage;
4) benefit;
5) century;
6) universe;
7) nerve cells;
8) autonomous power
supply;
9) elementary particles;
10) versatility
a) электрики:
b) экономить;
c) напряжение;
d) выгода, польза;
e) век;
f) вселенная;
g) нервные клетки;
h) автономное электроснабжение;
i) элементарные частицы;
j) универсальность;
UNIT 1
ELECTRICITY AND ITS ROLE IN OUR LIVES
ENTRANCE
Task 1. Study the words and phrases from text B:
Task 2. Read and translate text A:
«It is almost impossible now to imagine modern life without electrical
appliances and electricity. For several generations, they are surprised and do not
understand — how did people once lived without such a good of civilization —
electricians? The apartments have light, all household appliances and all
telecommunications are powered by an electrical voltage. But to create such comfort,
many scientists have worked for more than one century in order to obtain such a
necessary and at the same time such a dangerous invention.
When the inventor and scientist Rudolf Diesel was born, then no one could
imagine what benefit he would bring to mankind in the field of the power
supply. Thanks to such an invention as a diesel engine, people can easily afford an
autonomous power supply. And this makes it possible to regulate and not bad save
the use of electricity.
Electricity is one of the basic forms of energy. Electricity is associated with
electric charge, a property of certain elementary particles such as electrons and
protons, two of the basic particles that make up the atoms of all ordinary matter.
Electric charges can be stationary, as in static electricity, or moving, as in an electric
current.
Electrical activity takes place constantly everywhere in the. Electrical forces
hold molecules together. The nervous systems of animals work by means of weak
electric signals transmitted between neurons (nerve cells). Electricity is generated,
4
transmitted, and converted into heat, light, motion, and other forms of energy through
1) electrical appliances;
3) diesel engine;
4) mechanical power
5) static electricity
6) electric current
7) electrical voltage
8) flexible form of energy
a) гибкая форма энергии
b) электрическое напряжение
c) электрический ток
d) статичное электричество
e) механическая сила
f) дизельный двигатель
g) электроприборы
natural processes, as well as by devices built by people.
Electricity is an extremely flexible form of energy. It can be generated in many
ways and from many different sources. It can be sent almost instantaneously over
long distances. Electricity can also be converted efficiently into other forms of
energy, and it can be stored. Because of this versatility, electricity plays a part in
nearly every aspect of modern technology. Electricity provides light, heat, and
mechanical power. It makes telephones, computers, televisions, and countless other
necessities and luxuries possible» [8].
Task 3. Answer the following questions:
1. It is almost impossible now to imagine modern life without electrical
appliances and electricity, isn’t it?
2. Are all household appliances and all telecommunications powered by an
electrical voltage?
3. What is one of the basic forms of energy?
4. Can electric charges be stationary, as in static electricity?
5. Does electrical activity take place constantly everywhere in the universe?
6. How does the nervous systems of animals’ work?
7. Electricity is an extremely flexible form of energy, isn’t it?
8. Can electricity be sent almost immediately over long distances?
Task 4. Find the words in the text that have the following meaning:
1) to produce
2) to gain
3) to visualize
4) to adjust
5) to associate
6) to send
7) to save
8) to conduct
Task 5. Match the following words and word combinations from the text with
their Russian equivalents:
5
Task 6. Fill in the gaps using the following words from the text in the correct
1) concept
2) to surround
3) gravity
4) to draw
5) strength
6) tiny charge
7) vanishing
8) disturbing the main field
9) magnitude
10) to intervene
a) понятие
b) окружать
c) притяжение
d) очерчивать
e) сила
f) крошечный заряд
g) исчезающий
h) нарушение работы основного
поля
i) величина
j) вмешиваться
form: necessities, power, sources, heat, forces, charge, engine, energy.
1) Electricity is one of the basic forms of….
2) Thanks to such an invention as a diesel…, people can easily afford an
autonomous power supply.
3) Electricity is associated with electric…, a property of certain elementary
particles such as electrons and protons,
4) Electrical …hold molecules together. Electricity is generated, transmitted, and
converted into…, light, motion, and other forms of energy through natural processes,
as well as by devices built by people.
5) Electricity can be generated in many ways and from many different….
6) Electricity provides light, heat, and mechanical….
7) Electricity makes telephones, computers, televisions, and countless other …
and luxuries possible.
Unit 2
ELECTRIC FIELD
Task 1. Study the words and phrases from text B:
6
equivalents:
1) a device
2) a space
3) a charged
4) gravitational field
5) an inverse square
relationship
6) net charge
7) unit charge
8) outer surface
9) high-voltage equipment
10) lightning conductor
a) молниеотвод
b) высоковольтное оборудование
c) внешняя поверхность
d) единичный заряд
e) чистый заряд
f) соотношение обратных квадратов
g) гравитационное поле
h) заряженный
i) пространство
j) устройство
electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in
a force applied on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts
between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts
between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse
square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity
always acts only in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field
can result in both: attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally
carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the
dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker.
defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, tiny charge if
placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be
vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must
also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is
defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction,
so it follows that an electric field is a vector field.
The field may be visualized by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point
is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term
'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point
positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are
however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all
the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary
charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and
Task 2. Match the following words and phrases from the text with their Russian
Task 3. Read and translate text B:
«The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An
An electric field generally varies in space, and its strength at any one point is
The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics.
7
terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at
1) Поле пронизывает все
промежуточное пространство
между линиями.
2) Силовые линии, исходящие от
стационарных зарядов, обладают
несколькими ключевыми свойствами.
3) Во-первых, они возникают при
положительных зарядах
и заканчиваются при отрицательных
зарядах.
4) Во-вторых, они должны
входить в любой хороший проводник
под прямым углом, и в-третьих,
important when designing items of
high-voltage equipment.
places inside the body” - this is the
operating principal of the Faraday cage,
a conducting metal shell which isolates
its interior from outside electrical
effects.
charge on its outer surface
conductor at right angles, and third, that
right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves.
A hollow conducting body carries all its charge on its outer surface. The field
is therefore zero at all places inside the body. This is the operating principal of the
Faraday cage, a conducting metal shell which isolates its interior from outside
electrical effects.
The principles of electrostatics are important when designing items of highvoltage equipment. There is a finite limit to the electric field strength that may be
withstood by any medium. Beyond this point, electrical breakdown occurs and an
electric arc causes flashover between the charged parts.
The field strength is greatly affected by nearby conducting objects, and it is
particularly intense when it is forced to curve around sharply pointed objects. This
principle is exploited in the lightning conductor, the sharp spike of which acts to
encourage the lightning stroke to develop there, rather than to the building it serves to
protect» [7].
Task 4. Answer the following questions:
1. Is electric field created by an uncharged body in the space that surrounds it?
2. Does gravity act in attraction, drawing two masses together?
3. Can the electric field result in both: attraction or repulsion?
4. Do large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge?
5. Is electric field at a distance usually zero?
6. Was the concept of electric field introduced by Faraday or Adam Smith?
7. The strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) isn’t it?
8. What is called electrostatics?
Task 5. Match the following sentences from the text with their Russian
equivalents:
8
никогда не должны пересекаться и не
приближаться друг к другу.
5) Полое проводящее тело несет
весь свой заряд на своей внешней
поверхности.
6) “Следовательно, поле равно
нулю во всех точках тела” — это
принцип действия клетки Фарадея,
проводящей металлической оболочки,
которая изолирует ее внутреннюю
часть от внешних электрических
воздействий.
7) Принципы электростатики
важны при проектировании
высоковольтного оборудования.
they may never cross nor close in on
themselves.
charges and terminate at negative
charges.
charges have several key properties.
space between the lines.
1) the lightning stroke;
2) the sharp spike;
3) lightning conductor;
4) physical existence;
5) an electric arc;
6) electrical breakdown;
7) the force (per unit charge);
8) an inverse relationship;
9) gravitational field;
10) charged body
a) заряженное тело;
b) гравитационное поле;
c) обратная зависимость;
d) сила (на единицу заряда);
e) электрический пробой;
f) электрическая дуга;
g) физическое существование;
h) громоотвод;
i) острый шип;
j) удар молнии.
Task 6. Find the translation of the following word combinations into English:
Task 7. Fill in the gaps using the following words from the text in the correct
form:
objects, strength, equipment, field, charge, masses, gravity.
1. …is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker.
2. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that
the gravitational field acts between two….
3. A hollow conducting body carries all its …on its outer surface.
4. The …is therefore zero at all places inside the body.
5. The principles of electrostatics are important when designing items of high-
voltage….
6. There is a finite limit to the electric field …that may be withstood by any
medium.
9
7. The field strength is greatly affected by nearby conducting…, and it is
1) to experience
2) unit test charge
3) to measure
4) to expend
5) the path
6)a value for potential
difference
7) to state
8) reference point
a) точка отсчета
b) указать
c) значение разности потенциалов
d) путь
e) зд. потратить
f) измерять
g) тестовый заряд
h) испытывать
particularly intense when it is forced to curve around sharply pointed objects.
Task 8. Are the sentences True or False?
1. The electric field acts between three charges in a similar manner to the way that
the gravitational field acts between two masses.
2. Gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much
weaker.
3. An electric field generally varies in space, and its strength at any one point is
defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, tiny charge if
placed at that point.
4. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both
magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field.
5. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called economics.
6. The principles of electrostatics are important when designing items of lowvoltage equipment.
7. There is no finite limit to the electric field strength that may be withstood by any
medium.
8. The field strength is greatly affected by nearby conducting objects.
Unit 3
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
Task 1. Match the following English words and phrases from text C with their
Russian equivalents:
equivalents:
Task 2. Match the following sentences from the text with their Russian
10
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