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Файл:Английский для студентов-энергетиков. Учебное пособие
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Task 5. Find antonyms for the following words from the text:
1) Mining;
2) Combustion;
3) Pollutants;
4) Leaks;
5) Variations;
6) Assessment;
7) Construction;
a) Creation;
b) Valuation;
c) Differences;
d) Outflows;
e) Toxins
f) Burning;
g) Removal;
1) Flue gases
a) (EIA) is a process of evaluating the
likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or
development, taking into account inter-related socio
economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both
beneficial and adverse.
2) fossil fuel
combustion
b)… is the scientific study of the movement,
distribution, and management of water on Earth and
other planets, including the water cycle, water
resources, and environmental watershed
sustainability.
3) nuclear power
c) such turbine is a combustion engine that can convert
natural gas or other liquid fuels to mechanical energy.
This energy then drives a generator that produces
electrical energy. A simple cycle gas turbine can
achieve energy conversion efficiencies ranging
between 20 ...
4) nuclear waste
d) In electrical engineering the load factor is defined
as the average load divided by the peak load in a
specified time period.
5) load factor
e) …is a type of hazardous waste that contains
radioactive material.
6) gas turbine
f)…is the use of nuclear reactions that
release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most
frequently is then used in steam turbines to
produce electricity in a nuclear power plant. Nuclear
power can be obtained
from nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion reactions.
ANTONYMS:
Task 6. Match the following words from the text with their definitions:
41
7) hydrology
g)…fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas, are
created when organic matter declines and becomes
compressed beneath layer upon layer of sand, earth, rock
and ocean. ... Burning fossil fuels yields carbon dioxide,
water energy; the process of burning fossil fuels is
known as “combustion”
8) environmental
9) impact
assessment
h)…combustion product gases are called flue gases.
i) They are exhausted to the outside air. Flue gases are
produced when coal, oil, natural gas, wood or any other
fuel is combusted in an industrial furnace, a power
plant's steam-generating boiler, or other large
combustion device.
Task 7. Use the following words to complete the sentences 1-8: capital,
climate, centers, areas, regimes, plants, power, source
1) Unlike uranium, hydroelectricity is also a renewable energy….
2) If the project has a storage basin, it can be transmitted to generate …when
needed.
3) Hydroelectric …can be easily regulated to follow variations in power demand.
4) Hydrological data up to 50 years or more is usually required to determine the
best sites and operating …for a large hydroelectric plant.
5) In many …the most cost effective sites have already been broken.
6) New hydro sites tend to be far from population …and require extensive
transmission lines.
7) Long-term energy yield may be affected by …change.
8) Utilities that primarily use hydroelectric power may spend additional … to
build extra capacity to guarantee that sufficient power is available in low water years.
Task 8. Read the statements and decide whether you agree or disagree with
them. Say to what extent you agree or disagree and try to give your arguments:
-agree strongly
-agree
-not sure
-disagree
-disagree strongly
1) Hydroelectricity includes the flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion,
including pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, dust,
and mercury in the coal.
42
2) Hydroelectricity avoids the hazards of coal mining and the indirect health
1) renewable
2) stream
3) moderate
4) low-impact
5) reservoir
6) to convey
7) valley floor
8) a penstock
9) terawatt-
hours
10) tidal flow
a) приливно-отливное течение
b) терават-часы
c) затвор
d) дно долины
e) передать по адресу
f) водохранилище
g) маломощный
h) умеренный
i) поток
j) возобновляемый
hydroelectricity plants
5) tidal power
6) Renewable Power
7) thermal energy
8) moderate sea swell
9) economic feasibility
10) to capture the
a) улавливать энергию
b) экономическая целесообразность
d) тепловая энергия
e) возобновляемая мощность
f) энергия приливов
g) проточные
h) плотины гидроэлектростанций
i) малоэффективное развитие
g) Медленно струящийся поток
effects of coal emissions.
3) Compared to nuclear power, hydroelectricity generates nuclear waste.
4) Hydroelectricity is a nonrenewable energy source.
5) Compared to wind farms, hydroelectricity power plants have a less predictable
load factor.
6) If the project has a storage basin, it can be transmitted to generate power when
needed.
7) Hydroelectric plants can’t be regulated to follow variations in power demand.
8) Unlike fossil-fuel combustion turbines, construction of a hydroelectric plant
requires a long lead-time for site studies, hydrological studies, and environmental
impact assessment.
Unit 6
HYDROPOWER
Task 1. Match the following English words from text E with their Russian
equivalents:
Task 2. Match the following word combinations from text E with their Russian
equivalents:
43
Task 3. Read and translate text E.
«At the end of 2019, worldwide renewable hydropower capacity was 1,190
GW. Since water is about 800 times denser than air, even a slow flowing stream of
water, or moderated sea swell, can provide considerable amounts of energy. There are
many forms of water energy:
Historically, hydroelectric power came from constructing large hydroelectric
dams and reservoirs, which are still popular in developing countries. The largest of
them are the Three Gorges Dam (2003) in China and the Itaipu Dam (1984) built by
Brazil and Paraguay.
Small hydro systems are hydroelectric power installations that typically
produce up to 50 MW of power. They are often used on small rivers or as a lowimpact development on larger rivers. China is the largest producer of hydroelectricity
in the world and has more than 45,000 small hydro installations.
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity plants derive energy from rivers without the
creation of a large reservoir. The water is typically conveyed along the side of the
river valley (using channels, pipes and/or tunnels) until it is high above the valley
floor, so it can have allowed to fall through a penstock to drive a turbine.
This style of generation may still produce a large amount of electricity, such as
the Chief Joseph Dam on the Columbia river in the United States. Many run-of-theriver hydro power plants are micro hydro or pico hydro plants.
Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region
generating 32 percent of global hydropower in 2010. For countries having the largest
percentage of electricity from renewables, the top 50 are primarily hydroelectric.
China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production
in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. There are now
three hydroelectricity stations larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China,
Itaipu Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and Guri Dam in Venezuela.
Wave power, which captures the energy of ocean surface waves, and tidal
power, converting the energy of tides, are two forms of hydropower with future
potential; however, they are not yet widely employed commercially. A demonstration
project operated by the Ocean Renewable Power Company on the coast of Maine,
and connected to the grid, connects tidal power from the Bay of Fundy, location of
world's highest tidal flow. Ocean thermal energy conversion, which uses the
temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer surface waters, currently has
no economic feasibility» [11].
44
SYNONYMS
- to generate
- to provide
- to create
- to represent
- to convert
- to connect
-to renew
SYNONYMS
- to renovate
- to link
- to transform
- to demonstrate
- to assemble
- to deliver
- to produce
ANTONYMS
- typically
- low-impact
- creation
- renewable
- allowed
- employed
- cooling
ANTONYMS
- hitting
- unemployed
- prohibited
- unrenewable
- distraction
- high-impact
- untypically
Task 4. Answer the following questions:
1. What was worldwide renewable hydropower capacity at the end of 2019?
2. Why can a slow flowing stream of water, provide considerable amounts of
energy?
3. Where did hydroelectric power come from?
4. What are small hydro systems?
5. Do run-of-the-river hydroelectricity plants derive energy from rivers without the
creation of a large reservoir?
6. Is hydropower produced in 3 or 150 countries?
7. Has ocean thermal energy conversion, economic feasibility?
Task 5. Find synonyms and antonyms for the following words in the text. The
words are given in the same order as in the text:
Task 6. Use the following words to complete the sentences 1-8:
producer; percentage; electricity; plants; hydroelectricity; systems; forms;
capacity
1) At the end of 2019, worldwide renewable hydropower …was 1,190 GW.
produce up to 50 MW of power.
2) There are many …of water energy.
3) Small hydro …are hydroelectric power installations that typically
45
4) China is the largest producer of...in the world and has more than 45,000
1) issue
a) ядерная энергетика
2) development
b) безобидна
3) society
c) стержень
small hydro installations.
5) Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity …derive energy from rivers without
the creation of a large reservoir.
6) This style of generation may still produce a large amount of… such as
the Chief Joseph Dam on the Columbia river in the United States.
7) For countries having the largest …of electricity from renewables, the
top 50 are primarily hydroelectric.
8) China is the largest hydroelectricity….
Task 7. Read the statements and decide whether you agree or disagree with
them. Say to what extent you agree or disagree and try to give your arguments:
-agree strongly
-agree
-not sure
-disagree
-disagree strongly
1) There are now 5 hydroelectricity stations larger than 10 GW.
2) Large hydro systems are often used on small rivers or as a low-impact
development on larger rivers.
3) Since water is about 800 times denser than air, even a slow flowing
stream of water, or moderated sea swell, can produce considerable amounts of
energy.
4) Historically, hydroelectric power came from constructing small
hydroelectric dams and reservoirs, which are still popular in developing countries.
5) Wave power, which captures the energy of ocean surface waves, and
tidal power, converting the energy of tides, are two forms of hydropower with future
potential.
6) Ocean thermal energy conversion, which uses the temperature difference
between cooler deep and warmer surface waters, currently has a great economic
feasibility.
7) China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of
production in 2010.
Unit VII
ELECTRICAL POWER INDUSTRY
Task 1. Match the following English words and phrases from text F with their
Russian equivalents:
46
4) prominent sources
d) энергетика
5) a light bulb
e) создание
6) foundation
f) лампочка
7) power Industry
g) известные источники
8) backbone
h) общество
9) harmless
i) развитие
10) nuclear power
j) выпуск, издание
Task 2. Read and translate text F:
«Using energy has been a key issue in the process of the development of our
human society since the old times when people started to control fire. But one of the
most prominent sources that changed the life of the whole world was the discovery of
the most efficient energy source – the electricity. In our modern world electricity is
used for industry and agriculture, communication and transportation, and for
everyday use.
The development of electricity dates back to the late 17th century and the great
discovery of the power source of energy was made by William Gilbert. A great
number of further important discoveries were made over the next two centuries –
among them are a light bulb and electromagnetic induction principle. The start of the
electrical industry began in 1881 when the first power station in the world was
constructed at Godalming in England. Then in 1882 the great inventor Thomas
Edison and his Edison Electric Light Company started their first steam-powered
station in New York. That was the beginning of the new era of electricity that
changed the way people lived. By 1890 there were thousands of power systems in
Europe and the USA.
But what is the electricity? From the scientific point of view, the electricity is a
particular set of physical phenomena which is characterized by the presence and the
distinctive flow of electric charge. It is created when the small particles – electrons
move between the atoms. This process creates an electric current. And this current is
used to energize different kinds of equipment. Electrical Power Industry can be fair
enough called a backbone of the modern industry and everyday life.
We use electrical power for heating, cooling and lighting our houses, for
cooking food, and for numerous devices and gadgets such TV-sets, computers and
smartphones. Electrical power has become the essential necessity for the modern
society. But unfortunately not all people in the world have an access to this source of
47
energy. Millions of people in poor countries have to survive without the advantages
1) key
2) modern
3) further
4) next
5) inventor
6) first
7) cheap
8) disastrous
a) catastrophic
b) low-cost
c) primary
d) creator
e) following
f) advance
g) contemporary
h) main
of electrical power.
Besides the obvious advantages that electrical power brings to our life there is
a definite set of threats that this modern technology causes. The process of electricity
generation on different kinds of power stations often is not so harmless to the nature.
One of the most efficient but dangerous means of electricity generation is a nuclear
power station. Though this is one of the most effective ways to generate electricity
for the needs of the society, the disastrous catastrophes in Chernobyl and Fukusima
showed us how dangerous nuclear power is.
The process of nature friendly electricity generation has been developing
greatly these days. Wind power, solar power and the power of the ocean are used to
generate safe and cheap electricity that will be able to bring our life to the next level
of evolution» [10].
Task 3. Answer the following questions:
1. Using energy has been a key issue in the process of the development of our
human society, hasn’t it?
2. What for is the electricity used in our modern world?
3. What discovery was made by William Gilbert?
4. When did the start of the electrical industry begin?
5. When did the great inventor Thomas Edison and his Edison Electric Light
Company start their first steam-powered station?
6. Were there thousands of power systems in Europe and the USA by 1890?
7. Can Electrical Power Industry be called a backbone of the modern industry
and everyday life?
Task 4. Find synonyms for the following words from the text:
SYNONYMS:
48
ANTONYMS:
1) efficient
2) modern
3) late
4) important
5) start
6) small
7) harmless
8) friendly
a) unfriendly
b) disastrous
c) big
d) finish
e) unimportant
f) early
g) old
h) inefficient
Task 5. Complete the sentences using the following words or phrases from the
text in the correct form: industry, equipment, atoms, charge, electricity, station,
principle, discovery
1) But one of the most prominent sources that changed the life of the whole world
was the …. of the most efficient energy source – the electricity.
2) A great number of further important discoveries were made over the next two
centuries – among them are a light bulb and electromagnetic induction….
3) The first power ….in the world was constructed at Godalming in England.
4) The new era of …. changed the way people lived.
5) Electricity is created when the small particles – electrons move between the
….Electric current is used to energize different kinds of….
6) Electrical Power Industry can be fair enough called a backbone of the
modern …and everyday life.
Task 6. Are the sentences True or False?
1) The start of the electrical industry began in 1777 when the first power station in
the world was constructed at Godalming in England.
2) In 2020 the great inventor Thomas Edison and his Edison Electric Light
Company started their first steam-powered station in New York.
3) By 1520 there were thousands of power systems in Europe and the USA.
4) The development of electricity dates back to the late 20th century.
5) We use electrical power for heating, cooling and lighting our houses, for
cooking food, ets.
6) Electrical power has become the essential necessity for the modern society.
7) The process of electricity generation on different kinds of power stations is not
so harmless to the nature.
8) One of the most efficient but dangerous means of electricity generation is a
nuclear power station.
9) The disastrous catastrophes in Chernobyl and Fukusima showed us how
dangerous nuclear power is.
49
Task 7. Talk about the advantages that electrical power brings to our life and a
1) value of current
2) electric cell
3) current-carrying capacity
4) a terminal
5) to connect
6) to substitute
7) a capacitor
8) a short
9) a plate
10) a fixed capacitor
a) конденсатор постоянной емкости
b) пластина
c) короткое замыкание
d) конденсатор
e) заменить
f) подключать
g) электрод
h) допустимая нагрузка тока
i) электрический элемент
j) значение силы тока (в цепи)
set of threats that this modern technology causes.
Part 3
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Unit 1
PARTS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Task 1. Match the following English words and phrases from text A with their
Russian equivalents:
Task 2. Read and translate text A:
Resistor
«A resistor is one of the most common elements of any circuit. Resistors are
used:
1. to reduce the value of current in the circuit;
2. to produce IR voltage drop and in this way to change the value of the
voltage.
When current is passing through a resistor its temperature rises high. The
higher the value of current the higher is the temperature of a resistor. Each resistor
has a maximum temperature to which it may be heated without a trouble. If the
temperature rises higher the resistor gets open and opens the circuit. The resistor
power is rated in watts. The watt is the rate at which electric energy is supplied when
a current of one ampere is passing at a potential difference of one volt. A resistor is
rated as a l-W resistor if its resistance equals 1,000,000 ohms and its current-carrying
capacity equals 1/1,000,000 amp, since P=E x I = IR x I = I2R where P - power is
given in watts, R -resistance is given in ohms and I-current is given n amperes. If a
resistor has a resistance of only 2 ohms but its current-carrying capacity equals 2,000
amp, it is rated as an 8,000,000-W resistor.
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