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Файл:Инновационное развитие отраслей АПК на основе технико-технологической модернизации методологические положения
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȺɉɄ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: [20]
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ȺɉɄ ɜ ɊɎ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɇɂɈɄɊ; ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɟɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ
ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ [20].
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ: ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ
ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ; ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ; ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɭ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɫɮɟɪɭ; ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ; ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ȺɉɄ.
Ɉɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
11
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɠɟ ɜ
ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧ.
Ɉɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɨɤɚ ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȺɉɄ ɢ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ, ɫɥɚɛɨ
ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɚɟɦɨɣ ɥɢɞɟɪɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɝɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ,
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ȺɉɄ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɦɟɪ.
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤɢɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤɨɜ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧ ɧɚɰɟɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɷɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ,
ɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ 200 ɇɂɂ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɊȺɇ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ, ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɇɂɂ, ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ
Ɇɢɧɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɧɟ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ȿɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɤɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɡɤɢɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ, ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ [20]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ȺɉɄ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.
Ɉɩɵɬ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
12
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɸ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ.
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ:
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ;
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɜ ȺɉɄ;
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ;
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ.
ȼ ɋɒȺ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɝɞɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɋɒȺ. ɐɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ
ɋɒȺ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ:
1. Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ.
2. Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
3. Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ.
4. Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɦɚɥɨɢɦɭɳɢɦ ɫɥɨɹɦ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
5. Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ
ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ȺɉɄ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ, ɬɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɤ ɰɟɧɚɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɋ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 43%, ɜ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɢ – 82%, ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ - 10%.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ. ɂɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȺɉɄ ɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɡɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȺɉɄ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
13
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ:
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ:
x ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ȺɉɄ;
x ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ ȺɉɄ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ, ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɚɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ;
x ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɜ ȺɉɄ;
x ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ, ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɢ
ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ȺɉɄ;
x ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȺɉɄ;
x ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ȺɉɄ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ;
x ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɬɚ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ;
x ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ;
x ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ (ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɧɱɭɪɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ);
x ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
x ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ
14
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ;
x ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɢ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ;
x ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨ-ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɨɣ,
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨ-ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɚɪɢɮɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ.
Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɤ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ, ɤɚɤ: ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ), ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɢ
ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɤ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ȺɉɄ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤ, ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ
ȺɉɄ. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ȺɉɄ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ,
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ȺɉɄ.
15
ɁȺɊɍȻȿɀɇɕɃ ɈɉɕɌ ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə
ɈɌɊȺɋɅȿɃ ȺɉɄ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɟɬ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ,
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ
ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ.
Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɜɲɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ ɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɢɯ ɩɨ-ɫɜɨɟɦɭ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ
ɨɛɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. ɗɬɨ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɨɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜ
ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɯ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɥɢ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ. ȿɺ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ: ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɬɨɪɝɨɜɭɸ ɢ
ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɝɨ
ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ [36]. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɦɟɪ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ (ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ
ɥɶɝɨɬɵ, ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɟ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ, ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɢ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪ.).
ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ
ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
16
ɩɨɞɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɤɚɤ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ, ɫɥɭɠɚɳɭɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. Ʉɚɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɚɹ, ɷɬɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ, ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɵ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ». Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ
ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɢ «ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɦɢ,
ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨɪɦɵ, ɩɪɚɜɨ» [21, ɫ.6].
ȼ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɲɢɯ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɩɪɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɚ
ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɝɨɞ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ,
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜ ɜ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ «ɧɚɭɤɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ-ɛɢɡɧɟɫ». Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɭɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɨɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ
17
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣ. Ɉɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɣ ɢ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ (Ƚɑɉ), ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹɯ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɵ, ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢ ɱɟɬɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɭɸ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɤɚɤ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ.
Ɉɩɵɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧ.
Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ. ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɡɚɧɹɬ
ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɞɰɟɜ, ɜ 2014ɝ. ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 113,8 ɦɥɪɞ. ɤ. ɞɨɥɥ. ɋɒȺ – 6,6% ɨɬ ȼȼɉ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ - 55 ɦɥɪɞ. ɤ. ɞɨɥɥ. ɋɒȺ,
ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ Ʉɚɧɚɞɭ ɩɹɬɵɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɟɪɨɦ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ.
ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɪɬɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ,
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
18
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɤɚɧɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 50 ɥɟɬ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɤ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɫɟɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ, ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɩɪɨɫɟ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 2000-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ (ɪɢɫ.2).
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ (ST@I), ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣ. Ⱥɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ, ɚ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɭɤɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢɯ
ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
Agriculture and Food Canada (AAFC) – ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ - ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɟɧ ɡɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɋɨɜɟɬɨɦ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɢ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ
(NSERC, SSHRC, CIHR, Genome Canada ɢ CFI), ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ
ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ.
ɉɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ,
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ.
19
2018
.
Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ
CALGARY -
ɩɪɟɚɦɛɭɥɚ ɤ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
NAPF
2016.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ (NAPF)
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ ɢ
ɍɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
2014.
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ST@I
Cɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ
2013.
Growing Forward 2
ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ
ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ
ɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɟ
Growing Forward
Ⱥɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɭ ɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
«Ⱥɝɪɨɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ»
2008.
20
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 - ɗɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ Ʉɚɧɚɞɟ (2003-2018 ɝɝ.)
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: [104]
1
ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
2003.
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