Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Инновационное развитие отраслей АПК на основе технико-технологической модернизации методологические положения
.pdf
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, 7 – ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ (ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ). ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ 554 ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 3 ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɧɚ
ɨɞɢɧ ɰɟɧɬɪ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɤɚɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɰɟɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɜ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɟ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ,
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ [29] .
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ,
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ȺɉɄ, ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜ 2018 ɝɨɞɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɨ 1649 ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ (+36 ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ 2017 ɝɨɞɨɦ). 1578 (+190) ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ
ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ. ȼɫɟɝɨ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɨ 3227 ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɧɚ 276 ɱɟɥ. (8,5%) ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 2017 ɝɨɞɚ.
ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ
ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ (48,9%) ɞɨɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ-ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜ ɜɭɡɚɯ ɢ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ȾɉɈ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɥɚɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ȽȻɍ ȾɉɈ «ɋɚɪɚ-ȺɊɂɋ» ɢ
111
ɈȾɉɈ «ɐɟɧɬɪ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ɇɨɪɞɨɜɢɹ ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɯ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 7 – ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ
ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ȺɉɄ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ɜ 2018 ɝɨɞɭ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: [30]
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (23,4%) ɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (15,2%). ɉɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ 2017 ɝɨɞɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ (ɫ 10% ɞɨ 13,9%). ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫ
ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ
ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ 52,5% ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɚɝɪɨɧɨɦɚɦɢ
ɢ ɡɨɨɜɟɬɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ
ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ
112
ɫɥɟɞɭ
ɸ
ɇ
ɫɂɆ
ɥ
ɥ
ɫ
ɦ
Ɇ
ɩ
ɟ
ɟ
ɧ
ɟ
ɚ
:
ɪ
%
ɰ
ɤ
ɞ
ɨ
ɨ
ɧ
ɧ
ɚ
ɹ
ɧ
ɶ
ɰ
ɟ
ɚ
ɱ
ɫ
ɵ
ɟ
ɬ
ɪ
ɹ
ɭ
ɧ
ɫ
Ʉ
ɫ
ɪ
ɜ
ɢ
ɱ
ɤ
ɤ
ɛ
ɩ
ɥ
ɨ
ɥ
%
ɜ
ɷ
ɜ
ɫ
ɦ
ɬ
ɳ
ɩ
ɜ
ɜ
ɰ
ɥ
ɩ
%
5
ɩ
ɫ
Ɍ
ɭ
ɫ
ɝ
ɢ
ɮ
ɨ
ɧ
ɛ
ɟ
0
ɨ
ɤ
Ⱥ
8
ɨ
ɰ
ɰ
ɪ
ɨ
ɥ
ɹ
ɭ
ɢɧɮɨɪ
Ɋɢ
ɳɢɟ
ɦɚɰɢɨɧ
ɚɩɪɚɜɥ
ɭɧɨɤ 8
ɢ ɪ
ɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɨɫɧɨ
ɭɸ; ɢɧ
ɧɢɹ ɤɨ
– ɇɚɩɪ
ɡɜɢɬɢ
[30]
ɜɧɵɟ
ɨɜɚɰɢɨ
ɫɭɥɶɬɢ
ɜɥɟɧɢ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤ
ɮɭɧ
ɧɧɭɸ, ɨ
ɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɫɭ
ɢɯ ɬɟɪɪ
ɰɢɢ:
ɭɱɚɸ
ɪɟɞɫɬɚ
ɶɬɢɪɨ
ɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ɤɨɧɫ
ɭɸ.
ɥɟɧɵ ɧ
ɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɜ 2018
ɥɶɬɚɰɢ
ɚ ɪɢɫɭɧ
ɮɟɪɟ
ɨɞɭ
ɧɧɭɸ;
ɟ 8.
ɉɄ
ɨɤɚɡɚ
17,8%
ɢɧɮɨɪ
ɬɟɯɧɨ
ɜɨɩɪɨ
ɷɤɨɧɨ
ɭɱɟɬɭ,
ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɤɚɤ ɫ
(ɮɟɪɦ
ɧɨɝɨɨɬ
ɢ 19,3
- ɩɨ
ɦɚɬɢɡɚ
ɨɝɢɱɟɫ
ɚɦ ɩɪɟ
ɢɤɟ ɢ
5% - ɩɨ
ɨɧɢɬɨɪ
ɨɫɥɟɞɧ
ɥɶɫɤɨɯ
ɪɫɤɢɦ)
ɚɫɥɟɜɵ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥ
ɪɚɫɬɟ
ɢɢ ɫɟɥ
ɢɯ ɩɪɨ
ɨɫɬɚɜɥ
ɪɝɚɧɢɡ
ɸɪɢɞɢ
ɢɧɝ ɤɨɧ
ɢɟ ɝɨɞ
ɡɹɣɫɬɜ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫ
ɟ ɤɨɧɫ
ɶɬɚɰɢɨ
ɢɟɜɨɞ
ɫɤɨɝɨ
ɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɧɢɹ ɝɨ
ɰɢɢ ɩ
ɟɫɤɨɦ
ɭɥɶɬɚɰ
ɭɜɟɥɢ
ɧɧɵɦ
ɜɚɦ ɢ
ɥɶɬɚɰɢ
ɧɵɯ ɭɫ
ɬɜɭ, 6
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬ
ɪɨɦɟ
ɭɞɚɪɫɬ
ɨɢɡɜɨɞ
ɨɩɪɨɫɚ
ɨɧɧɵɣ
ɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡ
ɨɨɩɟɪɚ
ɧɧɵɟ
ɭɝ ɜ ɨɛ
-
ɚ, 4,1
ɬɨɝɨ, 1
ɟɧɧɨɣ
ɬɜɚ, 7,6
.
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɞɨɥɹ ɭ
ɚɰɢɹɦ,
ɢɜɚɦ.
ɟɧɬɪɵ
ɚɫɬɢ ɠ
ɨ ɰɢ
- ɩ
,6% ɤɨ
ɨɞɞɟɪɠ
– ɩɨ
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɥɭɝ, ɩɪ
ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɚɤ, ɜ 2
ɜ 201
ɜɨɬɧɨɜ
ɪɨɜɢɡɚ
ɦɟɯɚɧ
ɫɭɥɶɬɚ
ɤɢ, 9,0
ɭɯɝɚɥɬɟ
ȺɉɄ ɩ
ɞɨɫɬɚɜ
ɤɪɟɫɬɶ
18 ɝɨɞ
ɝɨɞɭ
ɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɢɢ ɢ
ɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɢɣ ɩɨ
% - ɩɨ
ɫɤɨɦɭ
ɤɚɡɚɥ,
ɹɟɦɵɯ
ɧɫɤɢɦ
30,7%
113
ɤɨɧɫɭ
ɥ
ɢ
ɪ
ɥ
ɥ
ɫ
ɤ
ɜ
ɢ
ɟ
ɧ
ɂ
Ɉ
ɧ
ɟ
ɢ
ɤ
ɦ
ɫ
ɧ
,
,
ɧ
ɢ
ɥ
ɟ
:
ɩ
ɦ
ɬ
ɧ
ɢ
ɪ
ɭ
Ʉ
ɨ
ɟ
Ɏ
ɟ
ɞ
ɡ
ɟ
ɭ
Ʉ
ɨ
Ʉ
ɡ
ɯ
ɦ
ɚ
ɦ
ɵ
ɨ
ɧ
ɧ
ɱ
ɭ
ɥ
ɜ
ɨ
ɵ
ɫ
ɚ
ɚ
ɯ
ɤ
ɡ
ɢ
ɛ
,
ɨ
ɝ
ɦ
ɟ
ɟ
ɚ
ɵ
ɜ
ɹ
ɩ
ɟ
ɜ
0
ɫ
ɬ
ɬ
ɨ
ɢ
ɪ
ɣ
ɢ
ɮ
ɭ
ɨ
ɧ
Ⱦ
ɫ
ɧ
ɟ
ɫ
ɯ
ɫ
ɧ
ɨ
ɜ
1
ɩ
ɢ
ɳ
ɧ
ɭ
Ⱥ
ɨ
ȼ
ɦ
ɪ
ɜ
ɚ
ɯ
ɜ
8
ɭ
ɦ
ɞ
ɟ
Ⱥ
ɜ
ɧ
ɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧ
ɤɨɨɩɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜ
ɤɨɧɫɭ
ɯɨɡɹɣ
ɫɟɥɶɫ
ɩɪɨɢɡ
ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɤɨɦɩɥ
ɶɬɚɰɢɨ
ɡɚɰɢɹɦ
ɚɬɢɜɚɦ
ɟɧɢɹ.
ɶɬɚɰɢɨ
ɬɜɨɜɚɧ
ɨɯɨɡɹɣɫ
ɟɥɢ 56,
ɞɥɹ ɫɟ
ɤɫɧɵɟ
ɧɵɯ
35,3 3,9 %
ɇɟɨɛɯ
ɧɵɟ ɰ
ɹ (Ʉ
ɬɜɟɧɧɵ
5% ɩɪɨ
ɶɫɤɨɯɨ
ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨ
ɫɥɭɝ ɛ
(Ɏ)ɏ,
ɞɪɭɝɢɦ
ɞɢɦɨ
ɧɬɪɵ
ɏ ɢ
ɨɪɝɚ
ɭɤɰɢɢ
ɹɣɫɬɜɟ
ɦɤɢɟ,
ɥɨ ɨ
18,4% -
ɨɪɝɚɧɢ
ɨɬɦɟɬ
ɛɫɥɭɠɢ
ɩɨɬɪɟ
ɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤ
ɧɵɯ ɨɪ
ɟɦ ɞɥɹ
ɚɡɚɧɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫ
ɚɰɢɹɦ
ɬɶ, ɱ
ɜɚɸɬ ɩ
ɢɬɟɥɶɫɤ
ɤɨɬɨ
ɝɨ ɯɨɡɹ
ɚɧɢɡɚɰ
ɚɥɵɯ
ɟɥɶɫɤɨ
ɜɚɦ ɧɚ
ȺɉɄ, 8
ɨ ɦ
ɦɢɦɨ
ɟ ɤɨ
ɵɟ
ɫɬɜɚ [
ɣ, ɤɚɤ
ɨɪɦ ɯɨɡ
ɨɡɹɣɫɬ
ɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
,8% - ɨ
ɨɝɨɨɬɪ
ɦɚɥɵ
ɩɟɪɚɬɢ
201
30]. ɉɪ
ɪɚɜɢɥɨ
ɹɣɫɬɜɨɜ
ɟɧɧɵɦ
2,9% -
ɪɝɚɧɚɦ
ɫɥɟɜɵɟ
ɮɨɪɦ
ɵ) ɢ
ɝɨɞɭ
ɢ ɷɬɨɦ
, ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɢɫɭ
ɜɵɡɜɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩ
ɡɚɞɚɧ
ɫɟɥɶɫ
ɧɚɛɥɸ
ɧɚɛɥɸ
ɷɤɨɧɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣ
ɨɤ 9 –
ɜ ɫɮ
ɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɫɬɪɚɹ
ɚ ɬɟ
ɱɟɧɧɨɫ
ɸ Ɇɢ
ɨɯɨɡɹɣɫ
ɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɚɥɚɫɶ
ɢɫɬɚɦ
ɬɜ), ɚɝ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬ
ɪɟ Ⱥɉ
[130]
ɨɬɪɟɛɧ
, ɱɬɨ
ɢ Ⱥɉ
ɫɟɥɶɯɨ
ɬɜɟɧɧɵ
ɨɫɬɪɚɹ
ɧɚɢ
(33 ɧ
ɨɧɨɦɚ
ɪɚ ɩɨ
ɢ ɪɚɡ
ɫɬɶ ɜ ɤ
, ɩɨ
, ɤɨɬɨɪ
ɚ Ɋɨɫ
ɨɪɝ
ɧɟɯɜ
ɟɧɶɲɚɹ
100
ɢ (59
ɭɱɚɬɟɥ
ɢɬɢɹ ɫ
ɧɫɭɥɶɬ
ɞɚɧɧ
ɣ ɩɪɨ
ɢɢ ɎȽ
ɧɢɡɚɰɢ
ɬɤɚ ɫ
ɨɛ
ɨɡɹɣɫɬ
ɧɚ 10
ɣ ɤɨɧɫ
ɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɰɢɨɧɧ
ɦ ɦɨ
ɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ȻɈɍ
ɯ ɜ
ɟɰɢɚɥɢ
ɫɩɟɱɟɧ
), ɡɨɨɬ
ɯɨɡɹɣ
ɥɶɬɚɰ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬ
ɣ ɩɨɦɨ
ɢɬɨɪɢ
ɩɨ ɝɨɫ
ɉɈ Ɋ
ɧɚɫɬ
ɬɨɜ.
ɨɫɬɶ
ɯɧɢɤɚ
ɬɜ). ɉ
ɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɪɢɣ
ɢ, ɜɨɡ
ɝɚ ɤɚ
ɞɚɪɫɬɜ
ɄɈ
ɹɳɟɟ
2018
ɩɪɨɢɡ
ɢ (41
ɢ ɷɬɨ
ɫɥɭɝ
ɨɠɧɨ,
ɪɨɜɨɣ
ɧɧɨɦɭ
ɉɄ, ɜ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɝɨɞɭ
ɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɚ 100
11%
114
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [96].
Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ:
9 ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜ
ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ;
9 ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ;
9 ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɦɭ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ;
9 ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɯ:
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɨɜ, ɲɤɨɥ, ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ, ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɧɟɣ.
9 ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ;
9 ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ;
9 ɫɛɨɪ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ,
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ [31].
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ:
9 ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɚɭɤɢ;
9 ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜ;
9 ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ.
115
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ:
9 ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ;
9 ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ;
9 ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɚ (ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ) ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɦ (ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ)
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ;
9 ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ [32].
Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȺɉɄ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɩɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɢ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ
ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ, ɮɨɪɦɚɯ
ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɬɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ, ɜɟɞɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɞɚɬɶ
ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭ,
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ, ɪɵɧɤɚɦ ɫɛɵɬɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɟɡ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ. ɂɡɭɱɢɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ,
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ (ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ), ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
116
(ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ (ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ),
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.)
Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɹɫɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɵ
ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɢɡ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɣɨɧɚ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɬɚɤɚɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɤ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ,
ɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ - ɫɜɨɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɬɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɬ, ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɤ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ. Ɍɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ, ɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ
ɩɥɚɧɟ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ, ɩɟɪɟɧɢɦɚɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɚɦɢ ɨɩɵɬ [58].
Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɦ,
ɭɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɭɛɟɠɞɚɬɶ, ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɞɨɧɟɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ
ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ (ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ) ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɜ 2018 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ 429
ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɨɜ ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ 17 ɬɵɫ.;
ɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ – 625 ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɨɜ ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ
24 ɬɵɫ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ 420 ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ 408
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɨ-ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, 132 ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɞɧɹ.
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɜ 2018ɝ. ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ
ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɨ 866 ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ 363 – ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, 337 – ɜ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɥɫɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ (ɪɢɫ. 10).
117
Ɋɟɚɥɢ
ɡ
ɬ
ɭɨɤ
ɂ
ȼ
ɥ
ɩ
ɥ
ɬ
ɰ
ɦ
Ɉ
ɥ
ɫ
ɧ
ɪ
ɬ
ɨ
ɧ
Ⱦ
ɫ
–
ɸ
:
ɨ
ɧ
ɡ
ɯ
ɜ
ɦ
ɹ
ɣ
ɧ
ɠ
ɟ
ɟ
ɣ
ɯ
ɢ
ɟ
ɫ
ɫ
ɜ
ɩ
ɬ
ɨ
ɢ
ɢ
ɡ
ɫ
ɫ
ɜ
ɢ
ɢ
ɥ
ɨ
ɫ
ɟ
ɧ
ɟ
ɬ
ɚ
ɣ
ɰ
ɭ
ɢ
ɪ
ɸ
ɟ
ɂ
ɢ
ɢ
ɚ
ɟ
ɫ
Ⱥ
ɢ
ɩ
ɬ
ɧ
ɨ
ɚ
ɞ
ɢ
ɛ
ɬ
ɭ
ɩ
ɬ
ɳ
ɚ
ɤ
ɸ
ɧ
ɚ
ɦ
ɨ
ɨ
ɧ
ɥ
ɬ
8
ɳ
ɢ
ɢ
ɷ
ɧ
ɹ
ɧ
ɰ
ɨ
ɧ
ɵ
ɫ
ɧ
ɩ
ɬ
9
ɸ
ɨ
ɠ
ɱ
ɧ
ɤ
ɰ
ɦ
ɨ
ɚ
ɬ
ɢ
ɢ
ɚ
ɪ
ɨ
ɞ
ɛ
3
ɞ
ɬ
ɧ
ɪ
ɷɮɮɟɤ
Ɋɢɫ
ɤɨɧɫɭ
ɩɨɫɬɭ
ɧɨɜɲɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤ
ɩɨɬɟɧ
ɷɤɨɧɨ
ɤɨɧɫɭ
ɨɫɭɳɟ
ɧɚɢɦɟ
(ɢɧɮɨ
ɬɵɫ. ɫ
ɨɛɡɨɪ
ɪɚɞɢɨ
ɂɧɬɟɪ
ȺɉɄ
ɨɜɚɧɨ
ɨɦ ɧɚ
ɧɨɤ 10
ɚɡɵɜɚ
ɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɭɫɥ
ɶɬɚɰɢɨ
ɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ
ɨɝɢɹɯ,
ɢɜɧɨ
ɢɚɥ, ɜ
ɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɬɪɚɫɥɟ
ɶɬɚɧɬɚ
ɬɜɥɟɧɢ
ɨɜɚɧɢ
ɦɚɰɢɨ
ɚɬɟɣ ɜ
ɜ ɪɚɡɦ
ɢ ɫɸɠ
ɟɬ.
ɥɹ ɫɨɞɟ
ɧɟɨɛ
861
ɭɦɦɭ 2
Ɉɫɜɨ
ɳɢɯ ɭ
[58]
ɜɢɹɯ
ɧɚɹ
ɞɥɹ ɬɨ
ȺɉɄ, ɨ
ɚɧɢɦɚɟ
ɢɫɩ
ɵɛɪɚɬɶ
ɭɫɥɨɜ
ɵɟ
ɢ ɱɟɪɟ
ɤɨɧ
ɤɧɢɝ ɢ
ɧɵɟ ɥɢ
ɭɪɧɚɥɚ
ɳɟɧɨ
ɬɨɜ ɩɨ
ɫɬɜɢɹ
ɨɞɢɦɚ
ɧɧɨɜɚɰ
574,8 ɦ
ɧɨ ɢɧɧ
ɥɭɝɢ ɜ
ɬ
ɪɵɧɨɱ
ɥɭɠɛɚ,
ɚɪɨɩɪɨ
ɵɬɟ ɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɨ
ɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɨɩɬɢɦ
ɣ ɯɨɡɹ
ɧɧɨɜɚ
ɩɟɱɚɬɧ
ɭɥɶɬɚɰ
ɛɪɨɲɸ
ɬɵ, ɛ
ɯ. Ʉɪɨɦ
ɫɟɬɢ
ɬɟɥɟɜ
ɧɧɨɜɚɰ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧ
ɨɧɧɵɣ
ɧ. ɪɭɛɥ
ɜɚɰɢɣ
ɮɟɪɟ
ɪɪɢɬɨɪ
ɨɣ ɷ
ɨɛɟɫ
ɢɡɜɨɞɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ.
ɶ
ɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧ
ɢɢ
ɸ ɩɪɨ
ɨɧɧɨɣ
, 3 ɬɵɫ.
ɥɥɟɬɟɧ
ɬɨɝɨ,
ɧɬɟɪɧɟ
ɞɟɧɢɸ,
ɨɧɧɨɦ
ɹ ɩɪɨ
ɩɪɨɟɤ
ɣ.
ɩɨɦɨ
ɉɄ ɢ ɪ
ɣ
ɤɨɧɨɦɢ
ɟɱɢɜɚ
ɟɥɟɣ ɢ
ɟɧɢɹ, ɧ
ɂɧɮɨɪ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜ
ɞɥɹ ɤ
ɟ ɪɟɲɟ
ɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɭɤɰɢɸ.
ɞɟɹɬɟ
- ɞɪɭɝɨ
, ɛɭɤɥɟ
ɨɥɟɟ 1,
, ɜɵɩɭ
1284 ɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬ
ɚɝɚɧɞɚ
ɫ
ɶɸ ɤɨ
ɡɜɢɬɢ
ɢ ɢ
ɳɚɹ
ɮɨɪɦɚ
ɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɚɰɢɹ ɩ
ɞɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɤɪɟɬɧ
ɢɟ.
ɪɚ
ȼ 2018
ɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɣ ɩɟɱɚɬ
ɵ), ɧɚ
ɬɵɫ. ɫ
ɟɧɨ 8
ɞɟɥ ɫ
ɸ ɨɫɧ
ɞɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɧɨɦɢ
ɫɭɥɶɬɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫ
ɮɨɪɦɚ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟ
ɢɢ ɨɛ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧ
ɡɜɨɥɹɟ
ɨ-ɬɟɯɧ
ɯ ɩɪ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪ
ɝɨɞɭ ɜ
ɢɡɞɚɧ
ɨɣ ɩɪɨ
ɢɫɚɧɨ
ɚɬɟɣ ɢ
7 ɩɟɪɟ
ɠɟɬɨɜ
ɜɧɵɯ ɨ
ɟɧɢɣ
ɟɫɤɢɦ
ɬɨɜ,
ɢɯ
ɢɨɧɧɨ-
ɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɥɶɧɵɯ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɪɨɞɧɨ-
ɧɹɥɢɫɶ
ɚɦɤɚɯ
714
ɭɤɰɢɢ
ɨɥɟɟ 2
,3 ɬɵɫ.
ɚɱ ɩɨ
ɜ ɫɟɬɢ
ɪɚɫɥɟɣ
ɚɭɱɧɨ-
118
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ,
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɯ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɯ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ; ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ, ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɤ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɥɹɧ ɜɨ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ ɧɭɠɧɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [58].
ɂɦɟɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɤ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ
ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ȿɗɄ ɈɈɇ, ȼɇɂɂɄɏ ɢ ɲɜɟɣɰɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ «Ⱥɝɪɨɫɤɨɩ» ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɈɈɈ
«ɎȺɌ-ȺȽɊɈ» ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɢ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɋɟɜɟɪɨɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ ɜɨ
ȼɥɚɞɢɤɚɜɤɚɡɟ. ɐɟɧɬɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɥɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ «Ɋɨɫɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɰɟɧɬɪ» ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɭɛɨɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɭɛɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɫɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɢɦɦɭɧɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ
ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɰɢɢ
ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɢɪɭɫɚɦ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ [62]. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ
ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ «ɎȺɌ-ȺȽɊɈ» ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɟɺ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ
ɦɟɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɜ
119
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɹ ɫ ɥɭɱɲɢɦɢ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ
ɂɦɦɭɧɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ «ɎȺɌ-ȺȽɊɈ» ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ
ɫɤɪɵɬɭɸ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɪɭɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɹɦɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɂɎȺ – ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
(ȼɇɂɂɄɏ) ɢ ELISA – test (BIOREBA).
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜɨ ȼɥɚɞɢɤɚɜɤɚɡɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ ɩɨ ɫɟɦɟɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɡ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ «ɎȺɌ-ȺȽɊɈ» ɞɥɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɢ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ.
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ ɤɥɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ
ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ,
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɫɧɨɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ
ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɦɢɤɪɨɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɜɨɟɧ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɭɛɧɟɣ in
vitro ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɜɵɫɚɞɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɜ
ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɢɧɢ-ɤɥɭɛɧɟɣ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɷɬɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 500
ɬɵɫ. ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɜ ɝɨɞ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɦɢɤɪɨɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɭɛɧɟɣ in vitro ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɵɲɟ 3 ɦɥɧ. ɦɢɧɢ-ɤɥɭɛɧɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 50 ɝɚ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ
ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ: ɍɞɚɱɚ, ɀɭɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɧɧɢɣ,
ȼɨɥɠɚɧɢɧ ɢ ɇɢɤɭɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɥɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɡ Ȼɚɧɤɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ (ȻɁɋɄ)
ȼɇɂɂɄɏ. ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
120
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]