Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Введение в биомедицинскую инженерию. Учебное пособие
.pdf
gland and throat. __________. Knives and scalpels may be completely
eliminated one day.
A. They also have the advantages of increased precision and
reduced rates of infection and bleeding.
B. Other types of growths can also be removed.
C. Lasers are also used to open clogged arteries and remove
blockages caused by tumors.
D. The first successful optical laser was constructed by Maiman in
1960.
E. The invention of the laser was an important milestone in the
development of biomedical photonics.
2. Find information in the text to answer the questions.
1. What is laser?
2. What can you say about its invention?
3. Why are lasers ideal light sources?
4. How is laser action obtained?
5. What are its application areas?
Vocabulary
3. Find English equivalents of the following Russian word
combinations.
1) веха a) prostate gland
2) инвазивное лечение b) stimulated emission
3) опухоль c) milestone
4) характеристика (насыщенность)
d) in vivo
цвета
5) индуцированное излучение e) interventional treatment
6) предстательная железа (простата) f) to excite tissue
7) закупоренная артерия g) (mono)chromaticity
8) в организме h) tumor (tumour)
61
4. Match the words which are very close in their meaning.
1) to vanish a) blocked
2) to include b) advantage
3) to join c) to eliminate
4) to connect with d) to treat
5) to cure e) beam
6) clogged f) to relate to
7) profit g) to couple
8) ray h) to incorporate
Laser Application in Biomedicine
Intellectual medical system «Perfocor» for transmyocardial laser
revascularization
5. Put the missed sentences into the correct places in the text.
Over recent years, a totally new method of curing the ischemic
disease of heart, transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR),
is gaining ground in the clinical practice. In the course of an operation,
a laser pulse is employed to produce channels opening into the heart
cavity. __________________.
A laser beam is perforating the cardiac wall. It produces 20 to
50 holes of 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter.
62
As compared to coronary artery bypass grafting, the TMLR method
is easier in realization and much lower in cost. ____________________.
The TMLR method is most effective in the cases when all the other
techniques fail.
__________. The system comprises a specially developed highpower waveguide СО
-laser operating in the pulsed mode, a mechano-
2
optical manipulator for laser radiation delivery and focusing at an
object, and an information system for ECG and revascularization
process diagnostics.
The «Perfocor» system surpasses in its technical performances
(energy efficiency, perforated channel shape, weight, and compactness)
the only analog system «Heart Laser» of the PLC Medical System,
USA. ____________. (The «Perfocor» system was awarded the First
Class Diploma and a gold medal at the International Trade Exhibition
«INNOVATIONS-98» in Moscow, and a gold medal at the «III International Moscow Salon of Innovations and Investments» in 2003.)
63
The system has been patented in Russia (6 patents). In 2000, a
«Perfocor»-type system was produced for the Czech Republic, where
since then it has successfully passed clinical tests. _____________.
In 2001, the system was approved by the RF Ministry of Health for
serial production and clinical application. Since early 2004, the
«Perfocor» system has been successfully used in a series of surgical
operations at the M. F. Vladimirsky Research Clinical Institute
(MONIKI).
A. The system was highly appreciated by the leading cardiosurgeons of Europe.
B. They favor the restoration of blood stream in the ischemic zone
and prevent development of myocardial infarction.
C. In the period from 1997 to 2006, this system has been
successfully employed in more than 500 successful operations at the
A. N. Bakoulev Research Cardio-Vascular Surgery Center.
D. The operation is performed on the beating heart, and it is lowinvasive.
E. The intellectual laser medical system «Perfocor» has been
developed at ILIT RAS to perform TMLR operations.
6. Look through the text and find the words which mean the
same.
a) to influence in a positive way
b) to be better or to be more in quantity
c) cheaper
d) not to be a success
e) manner
Laser hyperthermia of cartilaginous tissues
A new method of non-invasive medicine named «laser thermal
plastics of cartilaginous tissues» has been developed which is based
upon the phenomenon of laser-induced thermal relaxation of stresses in
tissues discovered at ILIT RAS. Short-term overheating of tissue near
70 °C results in a change of inner mechanical stresses in such a way that
64
a new form of cartilage is obtained with no destruction of biological
tissue.
The new method is being successfully implemented in the clinical
practice. The phenomenon of laser-induced thermal relaxation of
stresses in cartilaginous tissue
and its regeneration is highly
promising for the development
of new kinds of operations and
procedures in otorhinolaringology and spinal surgery.
The technology has been
approved at the I. M. Sechenov
Moscow Medical Academy and
the N. N. Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute, where more
than 200 operations have been
performed.
ILIT RAS has developed a medical laser system to perform
hyperthermia of cartilaginous tissues, which comprises a fiber IR-laser,
a diagnostic system, and a kit of special instruments.
65
Opto-acoustic diagnostics
Contactless nondestructive methods of diagnostics are necessary in
solving the problems of intellectual medical technologies.
Optoacoustic laser scanner for non-invasive monitoring of
hypodermic tissues
Jointly with the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, ILIT
RAS has developed optoacoustic and optical laser devices for
application in medical diagnostics:
– a laser scanner for non-invasive monitoring of skin is intended
for visualization and diagnostics of skin and hypodermic tissues at the
depth to 4mm. The scanner produces real-time 2D patterns of optical
inhomogeneities distribution in biotissues with high spatial resolution
(20 µm);
– a laser tomograph for early diagnostics of breast cancer is
intended to reveal the tumor at early stages of neoplasm appearance.
The tomograph ensures 2D patterns of distribution of optical
inhomogeneities in biotissues in real time at the depth to 70 mm with the
spatial resolution of 0.5 µm.
The method of optothermoacoustic diagnostics depends on
stimulated laser excitation of surface acoustic waves and on registration
of the thermal response accompanying the dilatation in the acoustic
wave.
66
7. Mark the following statements as True (T) or False (F).
1. New era of modern technologies offers contactless
methods of diagnostics.
T/F
2. Laser application in hyperthermia method of tissue
regeneration makes the procedure less painful.
3. Optical laser devices used in diagnostics can penetrate
any depth of a human body.
4. Optoacoustic method allows to make accurate
diagnostics at early stages.
Active correction of eye aberration
8. Use the words from the list below to complete the text:
T/F
T/F
T/F
In cooperation with the M. V. Lomonosov MSU, ILIT RAS has
developed a unique technology permitting an investigation of eye _____
with the spatial resolution at the level of the size of individual
photoreceptors.
67
The technology makes use of the ________ of eye aberration active
correction to obtain the diffraction limited image quality. The analysis
of eye dynamic aberrations and their ________ with bimorph
deformable mirrors are performed in real time (30 measurements per
second). This allows almost complete ________ of distortions, and
generation of the retina images with the angular value of 15° to 20° and
the spatial resolution of 3 to 4 µm.
The produced images are recorded by a _______ fundus-camera of
ultra-high resolution (6 to 16 million points). The device permits high
resolution fundus __________ and simultaneous taking optometric
measurements. The obtained _______ can be used for correct
_________ of contact lenses, in studies of refractive pathologies
(e.g., keratoconus), for scheduling and planning the operations on laser
correction of vision.
а) data, b) imaging, c) elimination, d) adjustment, e) digital,
f) methods, g) retina, h) correction
Discussion point
1. Speak on laser applications both in surgery and in treatment.
2. What are the reasons of laser success in medicine?
Video
68
U n i t 6
LIFE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
Starting point
1. Before reading about life support equipment, think about
the subject in general:
1) What is life support equipment?
2) When and for what purpose is it used?
3) In what medical departments is life support equipment used?
4) What units of life support equipment do you know?
2. Now read the text quickly. Note all the words or phrases
which you don’t know or are not sure of clearly.
Life support, in medicine is a broad term that applies to any therapy
used to sustain patients’ life while they are critically ill or injured.
There are many therapies and techniques that may be used by clinicians
to achieve the goal of sustaining life. Some examples include: feeding
tubes, mechanical ventilation, heart-lung bypass, urinary catheterization, dialysis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, artificial
pacemaker.
These techniques are applied most commonly in the Emergency
Department, Intensive Care Unit and, Operating Rooms. As various life
69
support technologies have improved and evolved they are used
increasingly outside of the hospital environment. For example a patient
who requires a ventilator for survival is commonly discharged home
with these devices. Another example includes the now ubiquitous
presence of Automated external defibrillator in public venues which
allow lay people to deliver life support in a prehospital environment.
The ultimate goals of life support depend on the specific patient
situation. Typically life support is used to sustain life while the
underlying injury or illness is being treated or evaluated for prognosis.
Life support techniques may also be used indefinitely if the underlying
medical condition cannot be corrected but a reasonable quality of life
can still be expected.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_support
3. Now answer the questions before the text using the
information given in it. Try to give detailed answers.
4. Match the phrase on the left to the definition on the right.
Check the meanings using the dictionary.
1. Feeding tube a) It is a technique that temporarily takes
over the function of the heart and lungs
during surgery, maintaining the
circulation of blood and the oxygen
content of the body
2. Mechanical ventilation b) It is an emergency procedure for
people in cardiac arrest or, in some
circumstances, respiratory arrest
3. Heart-lung bypass c) It is primarily used to provide an
artificial replacement for lost kidney
function in people with renal failure
4. Urinary catheterization d) It is the definitive treatment for the
life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias,
ventricular fibrillation and pulseless
70
ventricular tachycardia
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]