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Файл:Введение в биомедицинскую инженерию. Учебное пособие
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• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
•
2. _____________ deals with root canal therapy and study of
diseases of the dental pulp.
• Periodontics
• Endodontics
• Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
3. ________________ deals with straightening of teeth and
modification of midface and mandibular growth.
• Pediatric dentistry
• Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
• Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics
4. _______________ dentistry for children, formerly known as
«pedodontics»
• Periodontics
• Pediatric dentistry
• Prosthodontics
5. Mark the statements true or false and prove your choice by
the text:
1. Dentistry has no relation to the complete overall health. T/F
2. The most common treatment in dentistry is teeth
extraction.
3. Decayed teeth can be filled with special materials. T/F
4. Oral diseases can indicate systemic, neural, or other
diseases.
5. In addition to general dentistry, there are about
19 recognized dental specialties.
T/F
T/F
T/F
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6. Read the text and fill in the blanks using the words from
the list:
A) Although most of the usual dental 1) _____ can be fixed with
the use of common dental 2) _____. Today dentists use a huge variety of
different instruments and techniques. Modern equipment allows dentist
to perform all sorts of 3) _____. X-ray systems, special magnifiers and
even 4) _____ cameras allow dentist to get better observation. The latest
5) _____ in materials allow producing dental implants that look just like
real teeth.
B) Dental laboratory equipment set includes many different
6) _____. The range of dental instruments can vary from 7) _____ like
chair, drills and air compressors in most simple cases to more complex
equipment to make work more 8) _____ and specialized.
The 9) _____ looks bright for dentistry and the nation’s oral health
in the 21st century. Post-natal stem cell research, gene therapy transfer
and links between oral health and systemic health (other body systems)
will 10) _____ dental practice in the 21st century.
a) equipment
b) achievements
c) simple sets
d) reshape
e) dentistry operations
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f) precise
g) systems and apparatus
h) problems
i) future
j) intra-oral
Vocabulary
1. Look at the following pictures and try to identify the items
of dentistry equipment:
1. PORTABLE AIR COMPRESSOR
2. PORTABLE CART
3. X-RAY
4. UNIT CASE
5. MANUAL CHAIR
a)
b)
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c)
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d)
e)
2. Look through the text to find the words which mean the
same:
paragraph 1
1) the act of preventing
2) the act of one body, object, etc), striking another
paragraph 2
3) secondary part
4) to enclose
paragraph 3
5) treatment with drugs or remedies
6) anything implanted
paragraph 4
7) a special or distinguishing feature or characteristic equivalent
8) the branch of medical science concerned with the occurrence,
transmission, and control of epidemic diseases
paragraph 5
9) to bring to a successful conclusion
10) an official document attesting the truth of the facts stated
3. Match the words with their synonyms:
1) third molar a) x-rays
2) adjacent b) difficult
3) decayed c) adjustment
4) radiographs d) certified
5) complex e) operational
6) therapy f) declined
7) modification g) wisdom tooth
8) surgical h) not compulsory
9) optional i) treatment
10) accredited j) close
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4. Match the words with their antonyms:
1) extracting a) general
2) precious b) patient
3) specialized c) standard
4) abnormality d) implanting
5) practitioner e) cheap
Discussion point
1. Choose the most suitable explanations for the reasons to be
a dentist:
1. Service to Others 6. Prevention/Education
2. Balanced Lifestyle 7. Detect Disease
3. Empower Your Patients 8. Be Creative
4. Technology and Research 9. Success Potential
5. Be a Leader 10. Self-Employment
a) Give patients smiles they are proud to wear
b) Help people maintain and improve their oral health, quality of
life and appearance
c) Be an educator on the importance of oral health
d) With the aging population and increase in access to care, the
demand and need for dentistry is on the rise
e) Be involved with the scientific advancement of dentistry
g) Earn respect from your family, friends and community
h) Own a dental practice and be your own boss
i) Use your artistic and scientific talents
j) Treat oral health and detect disease – including cancer and
cardiovascular
2. Think of the order of importance in the list of reasons to be
a dentist. Prove your point of view.
3. Work in small groups
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a) give the most detailed description of the dental surgery on
the picture using phrases from the box:
a complete workstation, air/water spray, possibility of control
with foot pedal, several working positions, disinfection using
cartridge of cleansing product, computerized system, dental chair,
cuspidor, instrument tray, aspiration support, light, x-ray and an
integrated camera, monitor, halogen lamp, comfortable headrest,
instrument panel, hygienic conditions
b) be ready to discuss possible advantages, disadvantages and
ways of improvement of the dental surgery
Video
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U n i t 8
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
Starting Point
1. Do you know what diagnostic is? When can it be used?
Is it useful in medicine? Is diagnostic important for patients and
doctors? Why do you think so?
Do you agree that:
a) all diagnostic tests should take place at an specialized imaging
centers;
b) patients who are claustrophobic may have difficulty taking the
tests;
c) the tests are dangerous for patients;
d) all the imaging tests are uncomfortable and painful for patients
2. What do you know about medical equipment? Can you call
some of medical equipment sets? Are there a lot of medical centers
in Russia? Is diagnostic expensive at the diagnostic centers?
3. Make a list of as many diagnostic investigations you know
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Reading
Read the text about diagnostic imaging. Call the main types of
diagnostic sets. Where are the tests performed?
Diagnostic Imaging
Diagnostic imaging refers to technologies that doctors use to look
inside a patient’s body for clues about a medical condition. A variety of
machines and techniques can create pictures of the structures and
activities inside the body. The technology a doctor uses will depend on
the symptoms and the part of the body being examined. X-rays, CT
scans, MRI scans and ultrasound are all types of diagnostic imaging.
Many imaging tests are painless and easy. Some require a patient to
stay still for a long time inside a machine, though, this can be
uncomfortable. Certain tests involve radiation, but these are generally
considered safe because the dosage is very low. The tests are performed
at a clinic.
1. Answer the following questions according to the text about
diagnostic imaging:
1. Why is diagnostic imaging important?
2. What can create pictures of the structures and activities inside
the body?
3. How can a doctor establish the technology of diagnostic?
4. Are imaging tests painless?
5. Are the tests uncomfortable for patients?
6. Are the tests dangerous?
2. Read the text about X-ray diagnostic and answer the
questions after it:
1. What does a radiograph allow to examine?
2. How does a doctor use a radiograph?
3. Where can be fluoroscopy used?
4. What is fluoroscopy?
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X-ray Diagnostic
The advantages of X-ray examination or a radiograph allows to
examine all body organs and systems. X-rays can be used to view any
part of the body, such as a joint or major organ system. In a radiograph a
technician passes a concentrated burst of low-dose ionized radiation
through the body and onto a photographic plate. Since calcium in bones
absorbs x-rays more easily than soft tissue or muscle, the bony structure
appears white on the film. Any vertebral misalignment or fractures can
be seen within minutes. Tissue masses such as injured ligaments or a
bulging disc are not visible on conventional x-rays. This procedure is
fast, noninvasive and painless.
Fluoroscopy is a type of x-ray that uses a continuous or pulsed
beam of low-dose radiation to produce continuous images of a body part
in motion. The fluoroscope (x-ray tube) is focused on the area of interest
and pictures are either videotaped or sent to a monitor for viewing.
A contrast medium may be used to highlight the images. Fluoroscopy
can be used to evaluate the flow of blood through arteries.
3. Read the text about CT scans diagnostic and find the
answers from the text:
1. What is a CT scan?
2. What can a CT scan detect?
3. How long does the procedure take?
4. In what cases EEG can be used by doctors?
5. How long does EEG take?
6. When do doctors use EMG?
7. How is the procedure of EMG performed?
8. What does ENG describe?
CT Scans Diagnostic
Computed tomography (CT scan), is a painless process used to
produce rapid, clear two-dimensional images of organs, bones, and
tissues. CT scans are used to view the brain and spine. They can detect
bone and vascular irregularities, certain brain tumors and cysts,
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