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Файл:Введение в биомедицинскую инженерию. Учебное пособие
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micro-implants, common imaging equipment such as MRIs and EEGs,
biotechnologies such as regenerative tissue growth, and pharmaceutical
drugs & biopharmaceuticals.
A. Recently, initiatives such as BIOMEDEA have sprung up to
develop BME-related education and professional standards.
B. Some students will major in biomedical engineering, while
others may major in chemical, electrical, or mechanical engineering
with a specialty in biomedical engineering.
C. While many engineering fields (such as mechanical or electrical
engineering) do not need graduate-level training to obtain an entry-level
job in their field, most BME positions do prefer or even require them.
D. Much of the work in biomedical engineering consists of
research and development, spanning a broad array of subfields.
E. Good communication skills are also important, because the
biomedical engineer provides a vital link with professionals having
medical, technical and other backgrounds.
F. They may also feature extensive collaborative efforts with
programs in other fields (such as the University's Medical School or
other engineering divisions), owing again to the interdisciplinary nature
of BME.
2. Scan the text and write the number of the paragraph where
you can find the following information.
• BME degrees
• BME work applications
• Choosing a BME career
• Educational approaches
• Getting basic professional knowledge
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3. Mark the following statements as True (T) or False (F).
1. Undergraduate study lets a BM engineer get
knowledge of biology and engineering, as well as some
working experience.
T/F
2. Creation of educational BME standards is a
troublesome jurisdictional process.
3. A BM engineer requires scientific knowledge,
communication skills, medical and engineering
experience to satisfy the needs of job market.
4. Life science course work is the main educational
difference of BME training from engineering one.
5. Biomedical engineering job market mainly doesn’t
require graduate education.
6. BME programs of study are currently becoming more
complicated and as a result less popular.
7. The U.S. has progressed a great deal in its
development of BME education and training
opportunities.
8. The particular graduate programs may emphasize
certain aspects in BME.
9. Since most BME-related professions involve scientific
research, graduate education is not necessary any more.
10. The improvements in medical technology cause the
rise of the number of biomedical engineers.
Vocabulary
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T/F
T/F
T/F
T/F
T/F
T/F
T/F
T/F
T/F
4. Find English equivalents of the following Russian word
combinations.
1) четко очерченные a) backgrounds
2) регенеративный рост ткани b) in-the-field experience
3) отображение магнитного
c) biocompatible
резонанса
4) овладение практическими
навыками
d) MRI (Magnetic Resonance
Imaging)
5) опыт e) regenerative tissue growth
6) электроэнцефалограмма f) working understanding
7) биологически совместимый g) EEG (Electroencephalogram)
8) профессионализм
h) well defined
(профессиональные качества)
5. Match the words which are very close in their meaning.
1) to look for a) appropriate
2) corresponding b) to major
3) useful c) to acquire
4) to define d) prominent
5) to gain e) array
6) to emphasize f) to seek
7) outstanding g) helpful
8) range h) to point
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6. Use the words from the list below to complete the text:
Certification and Employment
Engineering licensure in the US is largely optional, and rarely
specified by branch/discipline. As with other learned professions, each
state has certain (fairly similar) 1) _________ for becoming licensed as
a registered professional engineer («PE»), but in practice such a license
is not required to practice in the 2) _________ of situations (thanks to an
«exception» known as the private industry exemption – which
effectively applies to the vast majority of American engineers). This is
notably not the case in many other countries, where a license is as
legally necessary to practice engineering as it is for 3) _____ or
medicine.
Biomedical engineering is regulated in some countries, such as
Australia, but registration is typically only recommended and not
4) ________ .
In the UK, mechanical engineers working in the areas of Medical
Engineering, Bioengineering or Biomedical engineering can gain
5) _________ through the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
The Institution also runs the Engineering in Medicine and Health
Division.
Beyond governmental registration, certain private-sector
professional/industrial organizations also offer certifications with
varying 6) __________ . One such example is the Certified Clinical
Engineer (CCE) certification for Clinical engineers.
Biomedical engineers are employed in universities, in industry, in
hospitals, in research facilities of educational and medical institutions, in
teaching, and in government 7) __________. They often serve a
coordinating or interfacing function, using their background in both the
engineering and medical fields.
In industry, they may create designs where an in-depth
8) __________ of living systems and of technology is essential.
They may be involved in 9) _________ testing of new or proposed
products. Government positions often involve product testing and safety,
as well as 10) ________ safety standards for devices.
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In the hospital, the biomedical engineer may provide advice on the
selection and use of 11) _________ equipment, as well as
12) __________ its performance testing and maintenance. They may
also build 13) _________ devices for special health care or research
needs.
In research institutions, biomedical engineers supervise laboratories
and equipment, and participate in or direct research activities in
14) __________ with other researches with such backgrounds as
medicine, physiology, and nursing. Some biomedical engineers are
technical advisors for marketing 15) _________ of companies and some
are in management positions.
Some biomedical engineers also have 16) ___________ training in
other fields. For example, many biomedical engineers also have an M.D.
degree, thereby combining an understanding of advanced technology
with direct patient care or clinical research.
а) customized b) understanding c) advanced d) regulatory
agencies e) supervising f) performance g) departments h) collaboration
i) establishing j) medical k) requirements l) required m) Chartered
Engineering status n) law o) degrees of prominence p) majority
7. Choose the answer from the alternatives.
1. Engineering licensure is necessary:
a) to practice legally
b) only for biomedical engineers
c) if it’s required by government
2. Engineers can gain licensure through:
a) a government institution
b) a private organization
c) any establishment he (she) wants
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3. BM engineers are mostly involved in:
a) scientific activity
b) medical practice
c) a wide range of specializations
4. Medical application of BME implies:
a) doctors’ assistance
b) maintenance of medical devices and their building for patient
care
c) serving the work of medical devices
5. BM engineer coordinating function is mostly applied in:
a) medicine
b) industry, science
c) education, government
6. BM engineer can have further training to:
a) get a degree
b) get more experience of correlated fields
c) get a particular job
8. Read the text. Find an appropriate heading for each
paragraph.
Degree Requirements
• Technical Competence
• Professionalism
• Educational Program Objectives
• Citizenship
______. The educational program objectives of the Department of
Biomedical Engineering at the University of Southern California are
designed to promote technical competence, professionalism and
citizenship.
______. Graduates will have fundamental knowledge in science
and engineering and the ability to apply engineering principles to define
and solve problems in engineering and medicine.
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Graduates will have the ability to design and test devices,
components, processes and systems that meet desired needs in
biomedical engineering.
______. Graduates will be prepared professionally and personally
to practice engineering in biomedical and other technology-based
industries, as well as to succeed in medical school and advanced
graduate studies.
Graduates will have the leadership capabilities and communication
skills to succeed in multidisciplinary teams.
Graduates will understand that their professional responsibility
includes continued development of their knowledge and skills
throughout their careers.
______. Graduates will understand the societal consequences of
engineering decisions and will be committed to an ethical and socially
responsible professional practice.
9. Look through the text and find the words which mean the
same.
a) to get results in smth
b) results which follow some action
c) smth to be obtained as the result of some process
d) devoted to smth
e) the ability making a person a specialist
f) responsible for
g) to settle smth successfully
h) profound
Telemedicine
Telemedicine is a rapidly developing application of clinical
medicine where medical information is transferred through the phone or
the Internet and sometimes other networks for the purpose of consulting,
and sometimes remote medical procedures or examinations.
Telemedicine may be as simple as two health professionals
discussing a case over the telephone, or as complex as using satellite
technology and video-conferencing equipment to conduct a real-time
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consultation between medical specialists in two different countries.
Telemedicine generally refers to the use of communications and
information technologies for the delivery of clinical care.
Care at a distance (also called in absentia care), is an old practice
which was often conducted via post; there has been a long and
successful history of in absentia health care, which – thanks to modern
communication technology – has evolved into what we know as modern
telemedicine.
Telemedicine involves the exchange of medical information via
information technology, especially the Internet, to enable the people to
overcome the barriers of time and distance to obtain better health care
services. Telemedicine may involve the exchange of text, sound,
images, or even to remote operation of instruments. It has been used in a
variety of medical fields to aid in diagnosis as well as in direct treatment
and follow-up care.
Although the use of telemedicine is expanding both in the
developed and developing worlds, it is still in a relatively early phase of
adoption.
Telemedicine is most beneficial for populations living in isolated
communities and remote regions and is currently being applied in
virtually all medical domains. Specialties that use telemedicine often use
a «tele-» prefix; for example, telemedicine as applied by radiologists is
called Teleradiology. Similarly telemedicine as applied by cardiologists
is termed as telecardiology, etc.
Telemedicine is also useful as a communication tool between a
general practitioner and a specialist available at a remote location.
The first interactive Telemedicine system, operating over standard
telephone lines, for remotely diagnosing and treating patients requiring
cardiac resuscitation (defibrillation) was developed and marketed by
MedPhone Corporation in 1989. A year latter the company introduced a
mobile cellular version, the MDphone. Twelve hospitals in the U.S.
served as receiving and treatment centers.
Monitoring a patient at home using known devices like blood
pressure monitors and transferring the information to a caregiver is a
fast growing emerging service. These remote monitoring solutions have
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a focus on current high morbidity chronic diseases and are mainly
deployed for the First World. In developing countries a new way of
practicing telemedicine is emerging better known as Primary Remote
Diagnostic Visits whereby a doctor uses devices to remotely examine
and treat a patient. This new technology and principle of practicing
medicine holds big promises to solving major health care delivery
problems in for instance Southern Africa because Primary Remote
Diagnostic Consultations not only monitors an already diagnosed
chronic disease, but has the promise to diagnosing and managing the
diseases a patient will typically visit a general practitioner for.
The telemedicine links enable otherwise isolated doctors to learn
not only how to treat individual cases, but about the underlying
methodologies and mindsets on which their highly educated and
experienced colleagues’ practice is based.
NOTE! The terms e-health and telehealth are at times wrongly
interchanged with telemedicine. Like the terms «medicine» and «health
care«, telemedicine often refers only to the provision of clinical services
while the term telehealth can refer to clinical and non-clinical services
such as medical education, administration, and research. The term ehealth is often, particularly in the UK and Europe, used as an umbrella
term that includes telehealth, electronic medical records, and other
components of health IT.
1. Scan the text and find information to answer the questions.
• From what need has telemedicine appeared?
• What aspects does TM involve?
• What advantages of TM usage can you name?
• Is TM a new branch? In any case, give proof.
• Why is the remote monitoring gaining popularity in practicing
medicine?
• What is the use of TM for doctors?
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2. Mark the following statements as True (T) or False (F).
1. TM is widely applied both in consulting and treatment T/F
2. In absentia care means lack of qualified medical care T/F
3. TM is mostly needed in developing countries T/F
4. TM is a tool connecting a patient and a doctor T/F
5. Remote monitoring is a profitable and useful method
T/F
of treatment
6. Telehealth and health care both refer to diseases and
T/F
their treatment
3. Match the words which are very close in their meaning.
1) to deploy a) via
2) remote b) to develop
3) morbidity c) treatment
4) through d) opinion
5) caregiver e) ill health
6) to evolve f) to expand
7) to emerge g) nurse
8) care h) to conduct
9) mindset i) isolated
10) to monitor j) to appear
Telemedicine Systems
4. Use the words from the list below to complete the text:
The objective of telemedicine is to transfer and receive _______
from remote places where patients, doctors, and other medical service
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