Logistics and Supply Chain Management (Логистика и управление цепями поставок). Учебное пособие

warehouses that feed smaller local warehouses. These are often placed strategically throughout the country to take advantage of shipping routes from major cities. Warehouses are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns and villages. They usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, or commerce. Different warehouses are constructed for specific goods. While selecting the types of warehouse, one has to take into consideration the factors like the nature of goods, the quality and the climatic condition. From the point of view of structure, the following types of warehouses are found: classical warehouse is a single storey building divided into various big or small rooms to store of general nature, silo is a vertical structure room equipped with mechanical devices, bins are small cylindrical cabins of different sizes meant to store varieties of products, elevator is a big vertical premise and are of craned types, portable warehouse is a type of temporary warehouse which can be removed or set in a short time. A warehouse is typically divided into areas to support every day processes. First of all, there is the receiving area. That’s where all incoming goods arrive and documentation is checked and recorded. Goods are often unpacked and repacked here to make their format more suitable for warehouse handling. The back-up storage area holds most of warehouse inventory. In the order picking area the goods are selected in the right quantities that mean the quantities required by the customer. Here we also break the bulk. That means, for example, after receiving goods in large quantities (e.g. pallets), we need to pack them in smaller separate units for the customer. The sortation area deals with smaller order sizes. After picking, the goods are consolidated and made ready for dispatch. Some warehouses also provide some additional value beyond receiving, storing and shipping such as labeling, re-labeling product, applying price stickers, a special kitting process. This part of warehouse operations is called collation and value-added service. The final stage in warehouse operations is the marshalling and dispatch area. The goods are brought together to form vehicle goods and are then loaded onto vehicles for onward dispatch. There are several modern trends in managing storage of goods.

The JIT system promotes product delivery directly from suppliers to consumer without the use of warehouses. Recent retailing trends have led to the development of warehouse-style retail stores when the same building serves as both warehouse and retail store. Another trend relates to Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). This gives the vendor the control to maintain the level of stock in the store. In some cases, companies even bypass warehousing altogether by using cross docking. Cross docking is a method of moving products from the point of origin or manufacture directly to the consumer. Efficient picking and packaging rely heavily on the logistics management of the warehouse. The slotting profile, or arrangement of stored goods, can have a great impact on how safely and how quickly workers can pick orders and pack them. Warehousing is simple; it is about getting your products to your customers on time. Unfortunately, simple does not always mean easy. In fact, warehousing is arguably the demanding part of any product based business. An underperforming warehousing operation can cost a great deal of time and money. Inefficiencies and mistakes can lead to overstocking or understocking, late or damaged deliveries, customer credits and cash flow difficulties. And they will always lead to customer dissatisfaction.

6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below. Make up your own sentences with these words and phrases:

быть готовым к отгрузке; запас, управляемый поставщиком; местный склад; нераспакованный товар; облегчить процесс сортировки; отдел сортировки; отдел сосредоточения; оптимизация складской системы; отдельные блоки; перевозка; подходящее количество; подходящий формат; получать товар; приемлемая цена; распределять продукцию; сырье, маркировка, упаковывать заказ, упаковывать в картон.

7. Complete the sentence using words and expressions given below:

1. There are many different ways to manage storage of goods

2. These are often placed strategically throughout the country to take advantage of shipping routes from………2.

4. After receiving goods in large quantities (e.g. pallets), we need to pack them in smaller ……..4 for the customer.

2. What does receiving area mean?

4. What is the difference between order picking area and sortation area?

6. What mistakes in warehouse functioning can be the reason of customer dissatisfaction?

9. Translate the sentences using the text “Warehousing Today”:

4. После получения товара в больших количествах в поддонах необходимо распределить их в отдельные блоки для отправки заказчику.

5. После сортировки товар комплектуется и готовится к отправке.

6. Некоторые склады предлагают также дополнительные услуги, например маркировку.

7. Сквозная система складирования представляет собой процесс приема и отгрузки товара через склад напрямую без расположения груза в зоне долговременного хранения.

8. Некомпетентность и ошибки могут привести к созданию запасов сверх нормы или, наоборот, к недостаточному количеству запасов.

6. What are the European trailer charges?

1. She met Mr. Smith ………. ws responsible for consolidating the cargo.

5. Labeling and marking are the services ……… can be provided by some warehouses.

7. The warehouse logistics manager …….. I knew was a professional ……….. was able to do all things excellently: hiring, coaching, directing the staff of over 10 people.

8. The tasks ………. are performed by the warehouse supervisor include receiving, unpacking, checking and storing products and many others.

9. We should implement the Warehouse Management System (WMS) ……….. records all events and actions in the receipt, handling and storage of products and orders in a warehouse environment.

You run the warehouse management system at Schmidt Electronics Group Ltd. Company’s logo is “Identity to life”. Tell your partner about the system of warehousing. Matching the following words to the stages of the process will help to disclose the task easily: packing, shipping, inventory control, put away, issue purchase order to supplier, picking, goods receiving, issue shipping notes.

DOCUMENTS IN FOREIGN TRADE

1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words:

address, bank, certification, collection, commerce, contract, control, copy, date, documentation, export, firm, import, inspection, instrument, international, license, limit, local, method, organization, port, process, product, result, service, specialist, tare, tariff

транспортная накладная

listed, obligates the carrier to carry the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions. Bill of lading (BOL): A transportation document that is the contract of carriage containing the terms and conditions between the shipper (owner of the goods) and the carrier. The customer usually needs the original or a copy as proof of ownership to take possession of the goods. Bill of exchange: A written request from a creditor to a debtor ordering the debtor to pay a specified sum to a specified person or bearer at a certain date. Certificate of origin: An international business document that certifies the country of origin of the shipment (export item). Such certificates are usually obtained through a semiofficial organization such as a local chamber of commerce. Combined transport document: A consignment note for goods sent by more than one means of transport. Commercial invoice: It is an official document which includes basic information about the transaction, i.e. the name and address of the buyer and seller, the description of the product(s) being shipped, and their value for customs, insurance, the delivery and payment terms. The buyer needs the invoice to prove ownership and to arrange payment. Consular invoice: A document, required by some foreign countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information such as the consignor, consignee, and value of the shipment. Certified by the consulate of the foreign country to which the goods are being shipped and usually must be prepared in the language of that country, it is used by the country's custom for controlling and identifying goods. Customs invoice: Extended form of commercial invoice required by customs. Destination control statement: This statement appears on the commercial invoice, ocean or air waybill of lading, and Shipper’s Export Declaration to notify the carrier and all foreign parties that the item may be exported only to certain destinations. Dock receipt and warehouse receipt: It is used to transfer accountability when the export item is moved by the domestic carrier to the port of embarkation and left with the international carrier for export. Export license: A document which is granted by a government authority and states that specified goods can be exported.

Export packing list: Considerably more detailed and informative than a standard domestic packing list, an export packing list itemizes the material in each individual package and indicates the type of package: box, crate, drum, carton, and so on. It shows the individual net, legal, tare, and gross weights and measurements for each package. Inspection certification: Some purchasers and countries may require a certificate of inspection attesting to the specifications of the goods shipped, usually performed by a third party. Inspection certificates are often obtained from independent testing organizations. Insurance certificate: If the seller provides insurance, the insurance certificate states the type and amount of coverage. This instrument is negotiable. Letter of credit: An international business document that assures the seller that payment will be made by the bank issuing the letter of credit upon fulfillment of the sales agreement; a letter from a banker authorizing a person to draw money up to a specified amount, usually from another bank. Release for shipment: Documentation must be precise. Slight discrepancies or omissions1 may prevent merchandise from being exported, result in exporting firms not getting paid, or even result in the seizure of the exporter's goods by local or foreign government customs. The number of documents the exporter must deal with varies depending on the destination of the shipment. Because each country has different import regulations, the exporter must be careful to provide proper documentation. If the exporter does not rely on the services of a freight forwarder, there are several methods of obtaining information on foreign import restrictions: Foreign government embassies and consulates can often provide information on import regulations. The Air Cargo Tariff Guidebook lists country-by-country regulations affecting air shipments. The National Council on International Trade Documentation (NCITD) provides several low-cost publications that contain information on specific documentation commonly used in international trade.

phrases: