Logistics and Supply Chain Management (Логистика и управление цепями поставок). Учебное пособие

another through trade more and more with each passing year. What was once an arduous ordeal is now incredibly easy, if you take the advantage that comes with an experienced logistics company. And, though it can seem like an added expense to what is already a bloated budget, the money is more than worth it. Here are the top three things that an experienced international shipping logistics company can do for you and your shipment.

One of the most important things that an international shipping company can do for your shipment is to get it into the country of its destination without delay. There are more than 196 countries, each with its own unique customs and importation regulations. Make sure that when you are shipping to Russia or anywhere else, that your shipments are able to clear customs easily and efficiently.

And, another great feature that a logistics company offers is the ability to coordinate each and every part of your shipment, from the point of destination to the point of delivery, through sea, air and rail freight.

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How could a simple box become the eight wonder of the world? The answer is before our eyes every day – the container. “Container shipping has shrunk the planet and brought about a revolution because the cost of shipping boxes is so cheap,” says Martin Stopford at Clarksons, the shipping broker. “People talk about the contribution of Microsoft, but container shipping has got to be among the ten most influential industries over the past thirty years. The simple standardized box that transformed seaborne freight in the sixties has taken on a vibrant 21 Internet may add a knot or two to the speed. With the Internet, operators have been allowed to cut paperwork and reduce reliance on middlemen. It also lets customers track their consignments more easily. The shipping industry is booming, underpinned by solid economic growth. In the thirty years the boxes have been around, the amount of goods shipped in them has expanded at 8 to 10 per cent a year, and the industry is now worth an annual $ 100 bn. The expansion of container shipping far outstrips growth in the world economy, historically about 3 per cent a year, and even growth in world trade, which runs up by 5 per cent a year. Before container shipping, seaborne trade was slow and unreliable. In the early sixties, at Liverpool docks for example, ships were made to spend weeks, even months in port while they were being unloaded. And during that time a substantial proportion of the goods would be stolen, or get damaged by the weather. Today the goods are protected in a container during passage and in port. With cranes specially built to lift the containers, a ship can be in and out of a port in 10 hours, saving thousands n port charges and speeding up trade. The world’s container shipping fleet trebled in the nineties and it now accounts, by value, for more than half all cargo shipped. Ships can carry 7,000 standard containers compared with 2,000 in 1990. In 1980, to ship a 40 ft container from North America to Europe would have cost $2,500. Today that cost is $2,200. With vessels getting bigger, each new one adds to capacity.

Seaborne transport is so cheap it makes sense for Nike to have its trainers made in South East Asia. And companies in remote parts of the world can snatch business from under the nose of a local producer. In fact, if moving goods by container were not so inexpensive, trading many of the products shipped around the world today would not be worthwhile. Second-hand motorcycles are shipped from America to be sold in Europe where they fetch twice he price.

When Heathrow’s Terminal 5 was officially opened by the Queen in March 2008, operator BAA said it would put the airport at the cutting edge of global travel. The complex, which cost ₤4.5 bn., includes 50 new aircraft stands, a large car park as well as rail and underground links to London. It is designed to handle 12,000 bags an hour. BAA claimed that checking in for flights would be simplified for up to 30 million passengers a year by online check-in, fast baggage dropping facilities and sophisticated baggage handling. Two weeks later, on launch day, however, dozens of flights in and out of the new terminal had to be cancelled due to a breakdown of the baggage handling system. By the end of the first day, hundreds of passengers were

left stranded at the airport and there was a backlog of more than 15,000 bags. What had gone wrong? On launch day problems started almost immediately, when staff and passengers had trouble locating car parks. Delayed opening of check-in then led to long queues. Additionally, workers in the baggage sorting area had problems logging on to the computer system or could not handle the RMS (Resource Management System), which allocates baggage handlers to load or unload aircraft. At check-in staff were not aware of the situation, they continued to add luggage to the system. As a consequence, check-in had to be suspended in the afternoon. An aviation analyst later explained that the backlog of baggage was mainly caused by problems with the terminal’ three-stage baggage processing system. The first stage, the fast bag drop-off, was working as planned, but the second stage, an underground conveyor system, had become clogged up because baggage workers were not able to remove the bags quickly enough at the other end. BA said that they knew the first day would be critical because of the size and complexity of the move into Terminal 5, and that they were working hard to resolve these issues.

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