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Файл:Logistics and Supply Chain Management (Логистика и управление цепями поставок). Учебное пособие
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YES/NO QUESTIONS
“Is Anne going?” He asked whether Anne was going.
“Did she meet John?” He wanted to know if (whether) she had met John.\
QUESTION-WORD QUESTIONS
“Where does he live?” She asked where he lived.
“What time is it” She wanted to know what time it was.
We do not use inverted commas or questions marks in reported questions.
Deduction: modals “must have been/can’t have been”
MUST BE expresses a logical deduction
MUST HAVE BEEN expresses logical deduction about past events. It is
the past of MUST BE.
CAN’T HAVE BEEN expresses negative logical deduction about past
events. It is the past of CAN’T BE.
UNIT 10 Language notes: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a
noun. They are usually divided into two types – defining relative
clauses and non-defining relative clauses. Relative clauses are often
introduced by a relative pronoun (usually who, which, that, when,
where and whose). 'Who', 'whose' and 'that' can be used for people.
'Which' 'whose' and 'that' can be used for things.
Defining Relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or
restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information defining a
general term or expression. Object pronouns in defining relative
clauses can be dropped. Defining relative clauses are not put in
commas. Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions:
A logistician is a professional who works in the field of logistics
management is called
101
UNIT 11 Language notes: PHRASAL VERBS
The term “phrasal verb” is applied to English construction “verb +
preposition”. They form a single semantic unit. It cannot be understood
based upon the meanings of the individual parts in isolation, but rather it
must be taken as a whole, i.e the meaning is non-compositional and thus
unpredictable. Some phrasal verbs require a direct object
(someone/something), while others do not. Some phrasal verbs can be
separated by the object, while others cannot.
Who is looking after the kids? – Кто присматривает за малышами?
They picked on Billy – Они подтрунивали над Билли.
I ran into an old friend – Я столкнулся со старым другом.
She takes after her mother – Она похожа на свою мать.
Sam passes for a linguist – Сэм слывет лингвистом.
You should stand by your friend – Тебе следует поддерживать своего
друга.
UNIT 12 Language notes: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
When using one verb after another one, often the second verb is in the
infinitive form: We are continuing to cut our manufacturing costs.
Management agreed to offer generous redundancy terms to all staff
affected. These verbs are often followed by the infinitive: intend, mean,
want, seem, claim, attempt, try, pretend, fail, guarantee, promise,
arrange, hope, wish, plan, offer, forget, expect.
The use of the -ing form (Gerund) depends on the first verb: The decision
involves reducing our heavy losses. The verbs below are usually followed
by the gerund: admit, give up, enjoy, mean, can’t stand, resent, risk,
suggest, look forward to, appreciate, involve, consider, mind, detest,
delay, avoid, contemplate, deny, carry on, justify, remember,
recommend, miss, put off.
Some verbs can be followed by the gerund or the infinitive form without a
big change in meaning: She started loading the software/She started to
load the software.
With other verbs the meaning changes: We stopped to check the
machinery (We stopped what we were doing in order to check the
machinery). We stopped checking the machinery (We stopped our habit of
checking the machinery).
102
СБОРНИК ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ И ЗАДАНИЙ ДЛЯ
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS
1. Translate the text:
Logistics Support for NATO Operations
Logistics is of vital importance for any military operation. Without
it, operations could not be carried out and sustained. This is especially
evident with NATO’s out-of-area operations. The new missions of the
Alliance are radically different from those it faced during the Cold War.
NATO has now been involved in out-of-area operations for over a decade.
During the 1990s, these operations were still in Europe, but the September
11, 2001 attacks on the United States led to NATO foreign ministers
removing all geographical limits to NATO’s area of operations at their
meeting in Reykjavik in May 2002.
During the Cold War, NATO logistics was limited to the North
Atlantic area. The Alliance planned the linear defense of West Germany
with national corps supported by national support elements.
Lines of communication within Europe extended westwards and
northwards to Channel and North Sea ports. Planning called for
reinforcements and supplies to be sea-lifted from the United States and
Canada to these same ports and to be airlifted to European bases to pick up
pre-positioned equipment.
The NATO Pipeline System evolved to supply fuel to NATO forces in
Europe. The NATO Pipeline System (NPS) was set up during the Cold
War to supply Alliance forces with fuel. Although collectively referred to
as one system, the NPS actually consists of ten separate and distinct
military storage and distribution systems: Iceland, Italy, Greece, Turkey
(two separate systems – east and west), Norway, Portugal, the United
Kingdom, the North European Pipeline System (NEPS) located in both
Denmark and Germany, and the largest system, the Central Europe Pipeline
System (CEPS) in Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the
Netherlands.
The NPS in total consists of some 11 500 kilometers of pipeline
running through 13 NATO nations with its associated depots, connected air
bases, truck and rail loading stations, pump stations, refineries and entry
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points. Bulk distribution is achieved using facilities provided from the
common funded NATO Security Investment Program (NSIP). The
networks are controlled by national organizations, with the exception of
CEPS, which is a multinational system.
CEPS encompasses NATO assets for the movement, storage and
delivery of fuel in Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the
Netherlands. These are known as the host nations, with Canada and the
United States designated as user nations. The system is designed and
managed to meet operational requirements in central Europe in peace, crisis
and conflict, but is also used commercially under strict safeguards,
supplying jet fuel to several major civil airports.
In order to support the new missions of the Alliance, the emphasis
has shifted away from static pipeline infrastructure to the rapidly
deployable support of NATO’s expeditionary activities. To this end, NATO
has developed a modular concept whereby all fuel requirements can be
satisfied through a combination of 13 discrete but compatible modules
which can receive, store and transport fuel in any theatre of operation.
The NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) was
created in Luxembourg, initially to aid European countries in their Foreign
Military Sales purchase of US combat aircraft in the 1950s. NAMSA plays
a key role in logistics. The agency is the executive arm of the NATO
Maintenance and Supply Organization, which provides the structure for
logistics support of selected weapons systems in the national inventories of
two or more NATO nations, through the common procurement and supply
of spare parts and the provision of maintenance and repair facilities.
NAMSA’s task is to provide logistic services in support of weapon
and equipment systems held in common by NATO nations, in order to
promote materiel readiness, to improve the efficiency of logistic operations
and to effect savings through consolidated procurement in the areas of
supply, maintenance, calibration, procurement, transportation, technical
support, engineering services and configuration management.
Answer the questions:
1. Why is Logistics important for any military operation?
2. What kind of operations has NATO been involved in nowadays?
3. What did the attacks of September 11, 2001 lead to?
4. Why was NATO logistics limited to the North Atlantic area?
104
5. Where did the lines of communication within Europe extend to?
6. When was NATO Pipeline System set up?
7. In what countries are military and distribution systems located?
8. How many kilometers is the pipeline?
9. What does it include?
10. How is bulk distribution achieved?
11. What are the networks controlled by?
12. In what way and for what purpose is the system CEPS designed?
13. What change has been done concerning the pipeline
infrastructure?
14. What does the modular concept developed by NATO mean?
15. For what purpose was the NATO Maintenance and Supply
Agency created?
16. Why does NAMSA play a key role in logistics? What is its task?
105
UNIT 2
LOGISTICS COMPANY
1. Translate the text:
DHL Web Shipping
DHL owns its success for the efficiency with which the operations are
carried out. Here not only the company but the sender and sometimes the
receiver can track the goods through their information center. They are
given a certain password which they can use to trace via online or their
customer service helpline.
DHL web shipping is the on-line express shipping tool that helps customers
prepare documents, book pick-ups, store contact details and track their
deliveries. Ideal for busy office managers, business travelers or
receptionists, DHL WEB SHIPPING needs no special software or training.
Purpose of DHL Web Shipping:
DHL web shipping's new, simplified navigation guides customers, quickly
and easily, through the entire process. So they can respond to any shipping
request within minutes.
With a click of a mouse customers can: select the right shipping and valueadded services for each shipment, prepare air waybills and customs
documentation on-line, get the latest service bulletins and customs
information, book collections and track shipments on-line, save up to 300
customer addresses, access shipment records for 99 days, alert recipients
and other interested parties
DHL WEB SHIPPING is also perfect for telecommuters. You can order a
pick-up, check service availability or track your shipments from any
location, in real time, direct from your wireless laptop.
Answer the questions:
1. What is the reason of DHL success?
2. What does a web shipping service of DHL give to its clients?
3. Can you describe the navigation on its site? Is it easy or difficult?
106
UNIT 3
LOGISTICS TERMS AND ACRONYMS
1. Translate the article:
GPS Signals
Critical infrastructure, including air traffic communications,
electricity transmission, telecoms networks and emergency services are all
under threat from the increasing availability of “GPS jammers”, technology
experts are warning. “A portable jammer in a tall building could cover most
of London and aircraft approaching its airports,” said Professor David Last,
a past president of the Royal Institute of Navigation and now a GPS
consultant. Global Positioning System signals, which are extremely
delicate, are now relied upon by vital sectors, including transport, just-intime manufacturing and farming.
Prof Last told a symposium, organized by the Digital Systems
Knowledge Transfer Network, that by using GPS a single person could
today control a huge vessel sailing in crowded shipping lanes at 25 knots.
But as reliance on GPS for such tasks increases, traditional back-up systems
are falling into infrequent use and traditional navigational skills are
declining, leaving organizations vulnerable to interference with GPS
signals.
“The strength of a GPS signal is about as strong as viewing a 25W
light bulb from a satellite 10,000 miles away,” said Bob Cockshott, a
director of the Digital Systems KTN. “It’s no surprise then that GPS signals
are vulnerable to natural and, increasingly, criminal interruptions.” The
dangers can be unintentional, caused by solar flares or accidents, or
intentional, with a fast-growing criminal element.
Jamming devices that can disrupt GPS signals are sold on the
internet for less than £100. Prof Last said they could be used by thieves to
block transmissions from stolen vehicles protected by GPS tracking
systems, rendering them “invisible”. Crooks might even transmit a false
location using a “GPS spoofing” device. "These devices are selling;
terrorists have been arrested with them" he told the symposium. “GPS now
is like computers before viruses. But there are no big security companies
working to protect GPS.”
107
GPS vulnerability is being investigated by the Guardian project that
brings together industry and academia. Charles Curry, managing director of
Chronos Technology, is leading the investigation consortium and he
believes back-up systems are vital. “Our project creates a network of
sensors deployed at sites in the vicinity of applications that rely on the GPS
signal. We are then able to monitor any change in the signal due to natural
or criminal activity,” he said.
The Royal Institute of Navigation stresses the importance of
developing a ground-based back-up to global navigation satellite systems
(GNSS): “There is a necessity for robust, terrestrial based systems to
provide a concurrent, independent source of position and time information
to ensure navigational safety and environmental protection.”
Answer the questions:
1. Why is there a certain threat for air traffic communications,
electricity transmission, telecoms networks and emergency services?
2. What sectors are the Global Positioning System signals used in?
3. Today a single person can control a huge vessel sailing in
crowded shipping lanes at 25 knots. Is it true or false? Give the reasons
why.
4. Why are traditional back-up systems falling into infrequent use?
5. How much strength does a GPS signal have?
6. Why is there a danger dealing with GPS signals?
7. What can thieves do with the help of this means?
8. Can you explain the following point of view: “GPS now is like
computers before viruses”
9. What does Charles Curry think? Say some words about the
project of his company.
10. What is the point of view of the Royal Institute of Navigation?
108
2. Translate and explain the meaning of the following
Supply Chain Logistics Acronyms using the Internet. Make up
sentences with these acronyms:
ABM: Activity Based Management;
ABC: Activity Based Costing;
AOM: Advanced Order Management;
APS: Advanced Planning and Scheduling;
APS: Advanced Planning System;
ASP: Application Services Provider;
ATP: Available to Promise;
BPR: Business Process Reengineering;
BOM: Bill of Materials;
CMI: Co-Managed Inventory;
CPFR: Collaborative Planning and Forecasting Replenishment;
CRP: Continuous Replenishment Program;
CRP: Capacity Requirements Planning;
CRM: Customer Relationship Management;
DRP: Distribution Resources Planning;
DPP: Direct Product Profitability;
ECR: Efficient Customer Response;
EOQ: Economic Order Quantity;
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning;
FIFO: First in First Out;
FEFO: First Expire First Out;
JIT: Just-In-Time;
LIFO: Last In First Out;
MPS: Master Production Schedule;
MRO: Material Repair and Overhaul;
MRP: Material Requirement Planning;
MRP: Manufacturing Resource Planning;
NIFO: Next In First Out;
OMS: Order Management System;
POS: Point of Sale;
QR: Quick Response;
RMR: Retail Management Replenishment;
SCEM: Supply Chain Event Management;
SCE: Supply Chain Execution;
109
SCM: Supply Chain Management;
SCP: Supply Chain Planning;
SKU: Stock-Keeping Unit;
TMS: Transportation Management System;
TQM: Total Quality Management;
VMI: Vendor Managed Inventory;
WIP: Work in Process;
WMS: Warehouse Management System.
3. Make the dialogue: explain the meaning of
abbreviations using the following phrases and questions:
1. What do you mean by POS?
2. What is the difference between SCM and SCEM ?
3. What are the specific functions of BPR?
4. What do you understand by CPFR?
5. What is EOQ?
6. What does term Bill of Materials indicate?
APS stands for…..
ECR means……
ERP implies……
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