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Файл:Logistics and Supply Chain Management (Логистика и управление цепями поставок). Учебное пособие
.pdf
5. Чтобы эффективно продавать товар, торговый представитель
должен знать технику продаж, быть организованным человеком, уметь
ориентироваться на конечный результат и самостоятельно принимать
решения.
In these sentences two of the verbs are possible and one is
incorrect. Tick the two correct verbs (See Language Notes):
1. He ………... to maintain accounts.
a) promised b) delayed c) wanted
2. She ……… facilitating international freight movements.
a) undertook b) suggested c) recommended
3. I …………..to call on potential customers.
a) decided b) didn’t mind c) arranged
4. They ………to check fluid levels and tire pressure.
a) refused b) put off c) failed
5. We………….to provide coverage support for the import, export
related functions.
a) consider b) hope c) plan
Choose the most appropriate form of the verb form the brackets
to complete these sentences:
1. He stopped (coordinating/to coordinate) shipment from
origin to destination.
2. She did multiple tasks but this month she stopped
(running/to run) the warehouse.
3. Did you remember (loading/to load) items into the ship?
4. I can’t remember (establishing/to establish) routs to that
destination.
5. The carrier denied (giving/to give) the consignee a discount.
6. The driver forgot (checking/to check) the cargo.
Match these sentences halves:
1. The Board recommends
2. The firm can't afford
3. The Quality Department
should consider
4. The local government
a) to hold the inventory on the
same level
b) to reduce the transit costs
c) paying the debt
d) to accept the damaged goods
91
promised
5. The client stopped
6. The customer refused
SITUATION PRACTICE
Make up a dialogue:
e) outsourcing some logistics
functions to another company
f) changing the company’s view
on the reverse logistics
Choose any profession from the sphere of logistics (Ex. 3) and role
play the following situation: you are a procurement specialist, a sales
representative etc. Tell each other about the job you are engaged in
every day; what you do every day/week/month; name the personal
qualities you need to cope with your job. Think of the positive and
negative sides of your job. Share your thoughts with your partner.
Find required knowledge and skills for a separate profession in the
additional material (see Appendix, Unit 12).
Useful language:
In my job I oversee...,
For this job you need to be,
I’m engaged in,
I’m responsible for….,
This position requires…,
I need to carry out..,
In my job I have to….,
I oversee….,
I’m in charge of…,
My job involves…...ing,
I liaise with…..
92
POSITIVE
QUESTION
SHORT ANSWER
NEGATIVE
I/you /we/they
Does he work?
Yes, he does/No,
I don’t work. (I
POSITIVE
QUESTION
SHORT
NEGATIVE
I am typing (I’m
Is she talking?
Yes, she is/No,
I am not typing
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК
UNIT 1 Language notes: PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT
CONTINIOUS TENSE
We use the present simple for things we do regularly, always, sometimes,
every day, etc.
We use the present simple:
to give factual information (about company activities): Coach
outsources all its products.
to talk about routine activities: We always buy ABB Group
equipment. What about your company?
The question, short answer and negative are made with the present tense of
“to do”.
work in
Mancheter.
He/she/it goes
through here
every day.
We use the present continuous:
to talk about things which are happening while we are talking.
to talk about ongoing situations and projects: Sanyo is now reacting
to this demand.
To talk about temporary situations: We are testing a new pallet at the
moment.
The forms of this tense are made with the verb “to be” + participle (-ing).
typing)
You are eating
He/she s going
We are writing
They are meeting
Where do you
work?
Do they work
here?
You’re
coming, aren’t
you?
Where are you
going?
he doesn’t.
Yes, they do/No,
they don’t.
ANSWER
she isn’t
(No, she’s not)
Yes, I am (No,
I’m not)
do not work)
He doesn’t
work. (He does
not work)
(I’m not)
You are not eating
(You aren’t)
(He’s not /He
isn’t)
93
(We’re not/We
aren’t)
(They’re not/They
aren’t)
UNIT 2 Language notes: PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND TIME
Prepositions are a class of words which express relationship.
Prepositions of place are a grammatically distinct class of words whose
most central members characteristically express spatial relations (such as
the words at, in, on, under, through, from, to) or serve to mark various
syntactic functions and semantic roles (such as the English words of, for,
with).
In general, we use:
at for a POINT
in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
on for a SURFACE
Examples:
Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
The shop is at the end of the street.
My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours
late.
When will you arrive at the office?
Do you work in an office?
I have a meeting in New York.
Do you live in Japan?
There are no prices on this menu.
You are standing on my foot.
There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.
Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard
expressions:
at in on
at home in a car on a bus
at work in a taxi on a train
94
at school in a helicopter on a plane
at university in a boat on a ship
at college in a lift (elevator) on a bicycle, on a motorbike
at the top in the newspaper on a horse, on an elephant
at the bottom in the sky on the radio, on television
at the side in a row on the left, on the right
at reception in Oxford Street on the way
Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
We use:
at for a PRECISE TIME
in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
on for DAYS and DATES
Examples:
I have a meeting at 9am.
The shop closes at midnight.
Jane went home at lunchtime.
In England, it often snows in December.
Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
Do you work on Mondays?
Her birthday is on 20 November.
Where will you be on New Year's Day?
Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard
expressions:
at night The stars shine at night.
at the weekend I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time We finished the test at the same time.
at present He's not home at present. Try later.
Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common
expressions:
95
POSITIVE
QUESTION
SHORT ANSWER
NEGATIVE
I/you/
Did you
Yes, I did. No, I
I didn’t do it.
in on
in the morning on Tuesday morning
in the mornings on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s) on Monday evening
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
I went to London last June. (not in last June)
He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)
UNIT 3 Language notes: PAST SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE
We use the past simple to tell stories about the past. We also use it when the
time something happened in the past is known or important:
Last year only 18% of US consumers visited a leading department store.
The question, short answer and negative are made with the past tense of the
verb “to do”.
he/she/it/we/they
worked in
Manchester
from 1978 to
1982.
We use the present perfect for a past action which has an effect on the
present. What happened and its effect on the present is more important than
the time it happened:
We have made a lot of changes since 2003.
type it
yesterday?
He made it
didn’t he?
Where did
he go n
Monday?
didn’t.
Yes, He did. No,
He didn’t.
96
She didn’t
make it.
POSITIVE
QUESTION
SHORT ANSWER
NEGATIVE
She has already
Have you
Yes, I have.
They have not
This tense is made with the present tense of the verb “have” + past
participle.
typed the report.
I know about
Rome because
I’ve been there.
done it yet?
Where have
you been?
No, He hasn’t.
come yet.
He has never
been there.
UNIT 4 Language notes: TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE
We can use different language forms to talk about the future.
1) “going to” to talk about what we intend to do an have already
decided to do: We’re going to attend the seminar in France next week. Are
you going to book the tickets for the flight?
When we can see that something is likely to happen:
The company is going to get profit from this transaction.
2) “will” or “’ll” to tell something we have decided to do at the time
of speaking: The flight’s late. I’ll call the office to cancel the meeting.
When we make predictions: It will outsource shipping services.
3) “The present continuous” to talk about a fixed arrangement:
I’m travelling to Germany next week. Are you flying on the same flight as
your boss?
4) “The present simple” to talk about a timetable or programme:
The train leaves Rome at 2 p.m tomorrow. It doesn’t stop at Milan.
Examples:
We have a lesson next Monday.
The train arrives at 6.30 in the morning.
The holidays start next week.
It is my birthday tomorrow.
I’m playing football tomorrow.
They are coming to see us tomorrow.
We’re having a party at Christmas.
97
It will be a nice day tomorrow.
I think Brazil will win the World Cup.
I’m sure you will enjoy the film.
To mean want to or be willing to:
I hope you will come to my party.
George says he will help us.
I'll see you tomorrow.
We'll send you an email.
Tim will be at the meeting.
Mary will help with the cooking.
I’m going to drive to work today.
They are going to move to Manchester.
Be careful! You are going to fall.
Look at those black clouds. I think it’s going to rain.
UNIT 5 Language notes: PASSIVES
The passive is often used when the person who does an action is unknown
or not as important as what is done or what it is done to:
The Millennium Technology Prize was awarded to Tim Berners-Lee.
To be impersonal or formal (for example, in notices, announcements or
reports):
It has been agreed that the prototype will be tested next month.
If the person who does the action is mentioned, we use “by”:
The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee.
Tim Berners-Lee was named as one of the top 20 thinkers of the twentieth
century by Time magazine.
The goods were packed by Anne.
The passive is formed with the verb “to be” (in all tenses) + the past
participle.
98
Someone is packing the goods.
The goods are being packed.
Someone packs the goods.
Someone packed the gods.
Someone has packed the goods.
Someone will pack the goods.
Someone is going to pack the goods.
The goods are packed.
The goods were packed.
The goods have been packed.
The goods will be packed.
The goods are going to be packed.
UNIT 6 Language notes: MODALS OF ADVICE, OBLIGATON AND
NECESSITY
1) Advice
We can use “should” and “shouldn’t” to give or ask for advice. You
should learn a song to sing before going to Korea.
For strong advice we can use must mustn’t. You mustn’t refuse an
invitation to dinner in Italy. It may cause offence.
2) Obligation/Necessity
We often use “must” when the obligation comes from the person
speaking or writing. We must buy a gift for our visitor.
We use “mustn’t” to say something is prohibited or is not allowed.
You mustn’t use a mobile phone in an aeroplane.
We often use “have to” to show that the obligation comes from another
person or institution, not the speaker.
You have to get a visa to enter the country. (This is the law.)
3) Lack of obligation/Lack of necessity
Don’t have to and mustn’t are very different: don’t have to = it is not
necessary.
UNIT 7, UNIT 8 Language notes: DEGREES OF COMPARISON
There are three degrees of comparison in English:
1. Positive degree. 2. Comparative degree. 3. Superlative degree.
99
Positive
Comparative degree
Superlative Degree
Short words
small
smaller
the smallest
Longer
crowded
more crowded
the most crowded
Irregular
good
better
the best
When we speak about only one person or thing we use the Positive
degree: This house is big.
When we compare two persons or two things with each other we use
both the Positive degree and Comparative degree:
This plant is bigger than that one. (Comparative degree)
This warehouse is not as big as that one. (Positive degree)
This manual is more complicated than that.
When we compare more than two persons or things with one another
we use all the three Positive, Comparative and Superlative degrees:
This is the biggest plant in this district. (Superlative)
This truck is bigger than any other truck in the company’s truck fleet.
(Comparative)
No other pallet in this area is as big as this one. (Positive)
Degree
adj. + - er
adj.+ -est
(one-syllable,
- two-syllable
ending in -y)
adjectives
forms
UNIT 9 Language notes: REPORTED QUESTIONS. DEDUCTION:
MODALS “MUST HAVE BEEN/CAN’T HAVE BEEN”
If we put a question into Reported speech there are some like changing of
the person, backshift of tenses, changing of expressions of time. In
Reported speech there is no question anymore, the sentence becomes a
statement. That's why the word order is: subject – verb. The tense changes
in reported questions are the same as those in reported speech
large
friendly
bad
far
lager
friendlier
worse
further
100
the largest
the friendliest
the worst
the furthest
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