Logistics and Supply Chain Management (Логистика и управление цепями поставок). Учебное пособие

Ordering is a costly process. Smaller shipment sizes typically carry high unit cost of transportation, and if the shipment size is smaller than a full vehicle load, the load must be picked up at the origin by the freight carrier and consolidated before shipment, then deconsolidated and delivered at the destination end. Most LTL carriers, parcel carriers and airfreight systems perform consolidation/deconsolidation of smaller shipments into full vehicle loads. These processes are also expensive, sometimes exceeding the cost of linehaul transportation. The determinants of the choice of transport mode are:

2. Commodity attributes: The density of a product influences the choice of vehicle either by loading "heavy," in which case payload is important, or loading "light," in which case cube is more important. Shelf life influences choice of mode by placing a premium on transit time, where longer travel time leads to less time available on the grocer's shelf before the product spoils. Loss and damage may lead to a need for emergency shipments.

3. Transport attributes: These include availability of equipment, transit time, reliability, loss and damage experience. The most important single issue in freight transport is how to achieve a better balance between road transportation, airfreight, rail transportation, sea freight and inland shipping (haulage) taking into account differences in cost, quality of service, safety and environmental impact, and the need to build additional infrastructure. The emerging freight transport system trends demonstrate the importance and necessity of intermodal freight transport systems. In addition, new technologies, and organizational concepts, like City Logistics and third party logistics (3PL), have been introduced in order to cope effectively with the new freight transport demand requirements. Electronic commerce: In business to consumer (B2C) transactions, the Internet provides new opportunities for managing demand, i.e. provision of

services 24 hours a day and seven days a week forming real-time connections between corporations and their distributors, resellers, suppliers (B2B transactions). Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): The development of identification technologies (Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS), Automatic Vehicle Location/Identification (AVL)/AVI) systems with vehicle routing/scheduling software) facilitate further logistics information exchange and acquisition and allow the fast and accurate tracking and tracing of shipments leading to substantial benefits, i.e. a) time savings, b) increased level of service, c) better utilization of resources, and d) better supply chain integration. In addition the provision of real-time information increases flexibility and responsiveness.

6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below:

влияние на окружающую среду, время транзита, дополнительная инфраструктура, надежность поставки, комплектование грузов, плотность продукта, полная загрузка судна, связь в реальном времени сделка, срочные поставки, стоимость транспортировки.

7. Complete the sentence using words and expressions given below:

transportation; sea freight; time; shipment; transit; load; freight; utilization; costs; door to door; shelf; chain; consolidated; reliability; rail, truck; road, airfreight

5. Excess inventory can be avoided by ordering product more frequently in smaller ……………

transport.

What are the prices for the airfreight comparing other means of

transportation?

What are advantages and disadvantages of every mode of transport? What are the factors influencing a shipper's choice of transport mode? Why is ordering a costly process? What is the foreign trend in freight transport industry? What does

9. Translate the sentences using the text “Variables Affecting Choice of Supplier, Shipment Size and Mode in Freight Transportation”:

4. Факторы, влияющие на выбор вида транспорта, – это стоимость, общее время в пути и надежность поставки.

5. Многие перевозчики выполняют консолидацию и деконсолидацию сборных грузов.

6. Мультимодальные перевозки, как и интермодальные, являются многовидовыми. Но главной отличительной чертой таких перевозок является то, что их выполняют несколько разных компаний.

10. This table shows the comparative speed and cost of sending a consignment of cloth from London to Madrid (See Language Notes):

1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words:

audio, camera, component, container, control, cylindrical, distance, granular, identification, instrument, intermodal, lift, material, million, product, proportion, synthetic, transport, transit.

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B:

2) container ship

“Containerization”:

морских перевозок

внутрискладского перемещения продуктов

Many big ports today are containerized, for example, in Britain Tilbury (London) and Southampton can handle containers. The handling of containers has many advantages over conventional cargo. It takes fewer men to handle containers than to load and unload conventional cargoes because it’s quicker. A hundred men take about three weeks to unload and load a conventional ship, so it takes only fifteen men about four days to unload and load a container ship. Also there is special loading equipment. There are special container carriers in all kinds of transport: road-trailers, special railway wagons, and container ships. There are also containers specially designed to fit in airplanes. At his place of business the exporter packs the goods into a container which is not opened until it arrives at its destination. On the other hand fewer goods are stolen and fewer goods are damaged when they are sent in containers. A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitous corrugated boxes. Corrugated box: Corrugated boxes are commonly used as shipping containers. They are made of corrugated fiberboard which is light weight, recyclable, and strong enough to ship a variety of products. Crate: It is a large container, often made of wood, used to transport large, heavy or awkward items. A crate has a self-supporting structure, with or without sheathing. Drum: Drums are cylindrical shipping containers made of steel, plastic or fiber. They are often used for liquids and granular materials. Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container (FIBC): It is a big bag, bulk bag, or super sack is a standardized container in large dimensions for storing and transporting and storing granular products. It is often made of a woven synthetic material. Insulated shipping containers: They are a type of packaging used to ship temperature sensitive products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. They are used as part of a cold chain to help maintain product freshness and efficacy.

Intermediate bulk shipping container, a typical IBC: It is a container used for transport and storage of fluids and bulk materials. The construction may be plastic, composite, steel, stainless steel, etc. Some are foldable (collapsable). Intermodal freight containers: A spine car with a 20 ft tanktainer and an open-top 20 ft container with canvas cover. Freight containers are a reusable transport and storage unit for moving products and raw materials between locations or countries. There are approximately seventeen million intermodal containers in the world and a large proportion of the world's long distance freight generated by international trade is transported inside shipping containers. Specialized shipping containers: These are the custom containers used for shipments of products such as weapons and aviation components. Often, these shipping containers are reusable. Transit and Flight Case: Flight cases and transit cases are usually custom designed for shipping and carrying fragile equipment: audio visual, camera, instruments, etc. Although generally light in construction, they tend to have reinforced edges and corners. Unit Load Device: ULD is a container used to cargo on commercial aircraft. It allows a large quantity of cargo to be bundled into a single unit. Each ULD has its own packing list, manifest, or tracking identification to improve control and tracking of contents.

габариты; жидкость; коммерческий самолет, контейнер в форме цилиндра; лекарственные препараты; международная торговля; нержавеющая сталь; обеспечивать сохранность и свежесть продукта; обеспечивать тарой; перевозка и транзит; погрузить контейнер на судно; прослеживание перемещения товара; специальный погрузочный контейнер; список комплектующихся товаров; тара из гофрированной фибры; упаковывать груз в контейнер; хрупкий груз.

fluids and bulk materials.

plastic or fiber.

freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft.

10. Wooden box is sometimes specified for shipments of

1. What are the advantages of shipping goods in containers over

2. What does shipping container mean?

3. What are the characteristics of containers, boxes, crates and

4. What container is suitable for carrying nearly all kinds of

5. What containers are used for transporting: foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals; large and heavy item; raw materials; liquids and granular materials; weapons and aviation components; fluids and bulk materials; audio visual equipment?

2. Для погрузки груза в самолет существуют специальные контейнеры.

3. Специальная техника для погрузки контейнеров довольно дорога, и многие порты до сих пор еще не готовы к владению таким оборудованием.

4. В мире существует около 17 миллионов интермодальных контейнеров.

5. Ящик из гофрированной фибры легок, выдерживает большое количество килограммов, к тому же он пригоден для повторного использования.

6. Решетчатая клеть – это огромный контейнер, часто сделанный из дерева и используемый для транспортировки громоздких и тяжелых грузов.

9. При перевозке в контейнерах любой груз может разбиться, также его могут похитить.

1. Was it .......... to send containers by sea? a) reliable b) mor e

reliable c) the most reliable.

2. We believe delivering this important paper by plane would be

3. Insulated shipping containers are environmentally……………… for transporting pharmaceuticals and chemicals than intermediate bulk shipping containers. a) safest b) safer c) more safe d) the safest e) the most safest

6. The delivery of audio visual, camera, instruments in the transit and flight case is the………………way. a) preferable b) more preferable c) preferable d) most preferable