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Файл:Logistics and Supply Chain Management (Логистика и управление цепями поставок). Учебное пособие
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IMO Number
: Х
Arrival
Departure
1.Name and
description of ship
2.Port of
3.Date of
4.
Nationality
5.
Name
of
6.Port arrived
7.Certificate of registry (Port;
8.Name and address of ship’s
9.Gross
10.Net register
11.Position of the ship in port
12.Brief particulars of voyage (previous and subsequent ports of call;
13.Brief description of the cargo
14.Number
15.Number of
16.Remarks
Attached Documents
(indicate number of copies)
17.Cargo
18.Ship’s Stores
19.Crew List
20.Passenger List
21.Date and signature by master,
22.Crew’s
23.
Maritime
IMO GENERAL DECLARATION
arrival/destinati
on
of ship
master
from/Port of
destination
Date; Number)
agent
register tons
tons
(berth of station)
state where remaining cargo will be discharged)
of crew
passengers
arrival/Destin
ation
Declaration
Declaration
authorized agent or officer
Effects
Declarat
Declar. of Health
______________Capt._____________
(signature) (master’s name)
_____________
131
9. Work out the answers to these questions. Take any
information you need from the text in Exercise 6:
1. The charge by volume is £33. The charge by weight is £300.
Which rate will Kevin pay?
2. When he sent the goods in a container, Kevin got a 10 % discount
on the conventional cargo price. How much did he pay?
3. Containers come in two main sizes (a) a 20-foot (6-metre)
container is 2.4 x 2.4 x 5.9m (b) a 40-foot (12-metre) container is 2.4 x 2.4
x 12m. Which size container did Kevin use? Draw the container and draw
how you think the cases were packed in it.
4. I want to send some goods which weigh 100k and which measure
30 m3. The cost is 50p per kilo or per cubic metre. How much will the
freight be?
5. I want to send a cargo which weighs 5 tonnes and which
measures 10 m3. The charge is $1 per tonne or 50c per cubic metre. How
much will it cost?
6. Do you think these goods are usually charged by weight or by
volume? (a) fruit (b) potatoes (c) bags of sand (d) shoes
7. The freight rate from Beeton to Norton for one consignment is
£1.50 per kilo or per cubic metre. The freight rate from Easton to Ayton for
another consignment is £2. What reasons can you think of for the different
freight rates?
8. Can you think of any advantages or disadvantages for sending
goods in containers or as conventional cargo?
132
EXW
-
CIP
-
UNIT 9
INCOTERMS
1. Which modes of transport can different Incoterms be applied
to? Fill in the blanks with the capital letters denoting the modes of
transport:
FCA-
FAS -
FOB-
CFR -
CIF -
CPT -
Use abbreviations: RO - road transport; RA - rail transport; S - sea
transport; A - air transport (e.g.: RO; RA; A)
2. Explain the meaning of Incoterms on the picture below. Name
4 groups of Incoterms. Point out which type of transport they are valid
for:
Incoterms 2000: Transfer of risk from the seller to the buyer
CIF transport & insurance paid
CFR transport paid
FOB loading destination DES
The seller port port The buyer
First carrier
FAS DAF
DEQ
EXW FCA frontier DDU
transport paid
CPT DDP
transport & insurance paid
CIP
DAF -
DES -
DEQ -
DDU -
DDP -
Table
133
3. Translate information and fill in the table:
Jane Long at Transworld arranged four different export consignments of
different goods to different destinations. The cost of each was different and
the terms were different.
From the information below, can you complete the table and answer the
questions?
CONSIGNMENT
DESTINATION
PRICE
TERMS
a. The motorbikes cost £1,000. They were not sent ex works.
b. The consignment which cost £2,000 was sent C+F Hamburg.
c. The Greek consignee arranged and paid directly for all his own
transportation and insurance costs.
d. Jane had to arrange the insurance and some of the transportation
costs for the consignment of typewriters to Rome.
e. The shoes cost £2,000 more than the Portuguese consignment and
£1,000 less than the typewriters.
Questions: 1) How much did the stationery cost? ...................
2) Which consignment was sent to Lisbon? ..........
Athens
FOB
134
UNIT 10
WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE
1. Translate the text:
Warehousing In the EU and the USA
Warehousing in the EU is complex as different companies not only have to
think about storing and distributing goods around the country but they have
to also think about other countries in the EU. In addition, they have to
receive goods that are imported from other countries.
The question of warehousing imported goods has been resolved with the aid
of bonded warehouses run by Customs department of each country. Once
all the fees and payments are made, the goods can be transported directly
from the bonded warehouse to the end customer.
However, the problem arises when goods have to be stored and dispatched
to all corners of the EU. Earlier companies only had to concentrate on
Western Europe and they have managed to establish warehouses and
distribution centers in strategic locations. However, with many Central and
Eastern European countries now joining the EU, companies now have to
cover larger areas to distribute goods. And, most companies do not want to
spend money to shift warehouse locations from Western Europe to Central
and Eastern Europe. In addition, quality warehouses are scarce in these new
markets and what are available are out-dated and old. That is why in the
new logistics market of Central and Eastern Europe new warehousing and
distribution facilities are be build. As mentioned earlier, warehouses in the
EU are located strategically so that lead time is decreases and all orders are
processed as fast as humanly possible. Many of the warehouses in the EU
have cross-docking facilities. Basically this means that the goods received
are not stored. Rather the moment they are received, the goods are sorted
out and then dispatched.
Warehousing in the EU is slowly turning from the storage model to the flow
model. However, the flow model is still in its infancy and older
warehousing operators are a little tentative about adopting it as it requires
high amount of coordination between the warehouse and the entire supply
chain, and this is not feasible for all industries.
Warehousing in the USA is not something new. It has been in existence
from the colonial times when there were storehouses to store all the goods
135
brought in from England. However, from then to now, warehousing and
distribution in the USA has undergone several changes and technological
advancement. One of the main causes of change is the expansion in
business. Earlier companies used to have their own warehouses and
distribution center all in one location and it was from this location goods
were dispatched. However, now companies have production all over the
world and this has now given way to third-party logistics companies.
Warehousing and distribution in the USA done by third-party logistics
companies concentrate on moving goods in the most cost efficient manner
from the place of manufacture to the distribution center and finally to the
end customer. Today warehouses are selected based on their locations and
only those locations are selected where the cost of transportation and labor
is cheap. This is primarily due to rising cost of gas. In addition, most
warehouses are close to ports, which are entry points. However, the
location of the warehouses and distribution centers depend on the type of
product and end customer. In addition, companies are also taking into
account the available market around the location of the warehouse. More
and more companies in the US are now selecting warehouses and
distribution centers based on sustainable building practices. Companies
want buildings that are built according to standards set by environmental
and energy agencies while still fulfilling their ultimate aim of being able to
stack and store goods. Due to rising land prices, it is envisaged that the US
will soon adopt multi-story warehouses and distribution centers like those
present in Japan as these use the buildings more efficiently without causing
a need to build or lease another warehouse and distribution center in the
vicinity.
Answer the questions:
What has happened after the EU’s enlarging?
What is the tendency in Central and Eastern Europe?
What is the model of warehousing in the EU?
When did warehousing process begin?
What is the 3-d party logistics in the US?
What is the criterion of selecting warehouse in the USA?
Retell the text
136
UNIT 11
DOCUMENS IN FOREIGN TRADE
1. Translate the text:
Bill of Lading: Negotiability
Bill of Lading is as a document of title. It is proof of ownership, so the
person who owns the B/L may claim the goods. Look at the B/L in Exercise
2. Under the heading 'Consignee' is the word 'ORDER'. This word means
that the B/L is negotiable — it can be sold. If you sell the goods you give
the buyer the B/L so it
can be used to claim the goods. The advantage of this is that the importer
can sell the goods while the ship is still at sea. The buyer then presents the
B/L and collects the goods when the ship arrives at the port of destination.
The first importer has the money to start another transaction.
Credit is normal in export trade. When a B/E has been signed by the
importer, the exporter usually has to wait about 90 (or sometimes 180) days
before it can be exchanged for money. Because a B/E is negotiable, the
exporter may discount (sell) the bill at his bank before the 90 days have
passed. The exporter has the money to start another transaction immediately
and the bank collects the money when the B/E is paid, the bank may
rediscount the bill to a discount
house which specialises in this work.
Notes:
Bill of Lading - коносамент
negotiable - оборотный документ (инструмент)
Give short answers to these questions about the passage:
1. What are the two functions of a B/L that you know?
2. Which words on a cheque mean that it is negotiable?
3. Do you think an exporter discounts a B/E when the transaction is
'documents against payment'?
4. When a bank discounts a B/E, do you think it pays (a) more than
(b) the same amount as (c) less than the face value of the bill?
137
LINER
BILL OF LADING
B/L no.
2
SHIPPER
NUMBER
OF O
RIGINAL
B/L
VESSEL
CONSIGNEE
(IF '
ORDER'
PORT
OF
PORT
OF
NOTIFY
PARTY
FREIGHT
MARKS
&
NO & K
IND OF
GROSS
MEASUREMENT
FREIGHT
PAID
Place
and d
ate of issue
2. Translate the Bill of Lading:
TITAINER LINE
AUSTRALIAN SHIPPING SERVICE PTY
MELBOURNE -25 KOALA STREET
TEL: 74245 TELEX: 15925 AA
1
STATE NOTIFY PARTY)
ORDER
3
NOS
9
PACKING
DESCRIPTION OF
GOODS
10
4
5
LOADING 6
DESTINATION 7
PAYABLE AT 8
WEIGHT
IN KILOS
11
IN M3
12
IN LIVERPOOL 13
Smith & Jones Co Ltd Signed (for the master) by
Smith & Jones Co Ltd
Per P. Jackson as agents P. Jackson
138
Exchange
for £750
London
14
July 2008
3. Decide which numbers these bits of information replace on
the Bill of Lading above:
a)
8 CASES MICROPROCESSORS
b) GLM ENGINEERING
LTD10 OAK WAY
HALIFAX
c) LIVERPOOL
d) LIVERPOOL
e) LIVERPOOL 19 July 2000
f) THREE (3)
g)
MELBOURNE
h) BJT (Pty)
i) OUTBACK STREET
MELBOURNE
j) GLM/BJT MEL 1/8
k) 139.2K
l) X2053
m) 1.16 cu.m
n) “AUSTRALIAN QUEEN”
4. A Bill of Exchange is a sort of post-dated cheque. Look at this
Bill of Exchange and in pairs ask and answer questions about it, like
this:
Ask who wrote the B/E.
P: Who wrote the Bill of Exchange? R: Sheila Baker
Bill of Exchange
At 90 days pay this solo Bill of Exchange
To the order of ourselves
The sum of seven hundred and fifty pounds sterling
___________________________________________
Value goods
To DOM KK Signed Sheila Baker
705 3-chome Yamaguchi For BOS Ltd
Osaka 13 Mill Street
Japan Accepted Harlow
M Satsuma Essex cm20 2TR
For DOMKK
Answer the questions:
1. Ask which company will receive the money.
2. Ask which company Sheila Baker works for.
3. Ask what date the Bill was written.
139
4. Ask how much the Bill is for.
5. Ask how many copies of the Bill there are.
6. Ask what date the Bill will be paid.
7. Ask whether the Bill will be paid in pounds or in yen.
8. Ask which company will pay the Bill.
9. Ask whether this transaction is ‘documents against payment’ or
’documents against acceptance’.
10. Ask who M Satsuma works for.
5. Read the text:
Letter of credit (L/C)
Bruce Stevens of Harbour Imports Pty, Melbourne, Australia, wanted to pay
Peter Weaver of Clothco Ltd, Manchester, UK, for some cloth. Bruce wrote
to his bank on a special form and asked them to open an irrevocable
documentary credit. This is a Letter of Credit from Bruce's bank
guaranteeing payment in Britain at a later date. If it is irrevocable, it cannot
be cancelled. Neither Bruce nor his bank can change their minds and refuse
to pay. Peter's bank knows Bruce's bank very well and they know they will
receive the money, so they confirmed the Letter of Credit. This means that
they guaranteed to pay the money so Peter was sure he would be paid.
However a Letter of Credit is not negotiable, so Peter had to wait until the
Letter of Credit was paid before he received his money.
Notes:
irrevocable letter of credit - безотзывный аккредитив
Give short answers to these questions about the text:
1. Was Peter paid immediately for the cloth?
2. Who applies for a L/C, the importer or the exporter?
3. Who issues a L/C?
4. If a L/C is not irrevocable, who might not pay?
5. If a L/C is not confirmed, who might not pay?
6. Can you discount a L/C?
7. Do you think an exporter would rather be paid by B/E D/P or by
L/C?
8. How many reasons can you think of why importers or banks
might not pay a B/E or an unconfirmed revocable L/C?
140
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