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Файл:English for students of graphic design. Учебное пособие
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decoration to it;
6. sewing machine f. either of the two round soft parts at the top of a
person’s legs;
7. department store g. to make clothes, etc. from wool, cotton or other
thread using two long thin knitting needles or a
machine;
8. bust h. a permanent fold in a piece of cloth, made by sewing
the top or side of the fold;
9. waist i. large shop that is divided into several parts, each part
selling a different type of goods;
10. buttock j. living in a very informal way without following
accepted rules of behaviour, and often involved in the
arts;
11. pleat k. a machine that is used for sewing things that are
made of cloth;
12. embellish l. the area around the middle of the body between the
ribs and the hips, often narrower than the areas above
and below;
13. tailor m. a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular
subject or profession;
14. bohemian n. the condition of being new and modern.
6.1.8 Match a word from the text with the definition:
1. flounce a. a type of needlework in which small pieces of cloth are
sewn or stuck in a pattern onto a larger piece;
2. bow b. the top part of a dress, above the middle part of the body;
3. apron c. material that is used to decorate clothes, furniture, cars, etc.,
especially along the edges, by being a different colour, etc.;
4. bodice d. a part of a piece of clothing that covers all or part of your
arm;
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5. corset e. a knot with two loops and two loose ends which is used for
decoration on clothes, in hair, etc. or for tying shoes;
6. sleeve f. patterns that are sewn onto cloth using threads of various
colours; cloth that is decorated in this way;
7. blouse g. the part around the neck of a shirt, jacket or coat that
usually folds down;
8. lace h. a piece of cloth that is sewn around the edge of a skirt,
dress, curtain, etc.;
9. trim i. a fold that is sewn into a piece of clothing or cloth, either
for decoration or to change the shape of it;
10. embroidery j. a very thin material made from threads of cotton, silk, etc.
that are made into a pattern with holes;
11. appliqué k. a piece of clothing worn over the front of the body, from
the chest or the waist down, and tied around the waist. They
also can be worn over other clothes to keep them clean, for
example when cooking;
12. tuck l. a piece of women’s underwear, fitting the body tightly,
worn especially in the past to make the middle part look
smaller;
13. collar m. a piece of clothing like a shirt, worn by women.
6.1.9 Make up 9 sentences with the words and phrases from the vocabulary
exercises given above.
6.2 Grammar exercises
6.2.1 Work with the text. Find and underline all the predicates in the text.
Identify the verb forms, their tense and voice.
6.2.2 Make up five sentences with some verb forms from the text.
6.2.3 Open the brackets. Use the proper tense and voice form.
1. By the end of the 1800s the bustle (to reduce) to a small pad that (to carry)
into the Edwardian era.
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2. The early bustle of 1870s (can, to describe) in terms of the lightness of
material and lack of decoration.
3. The 1800s (to be) a time of modernity. The needle trade (to grow)
exponentially due to technological advances.
4. Baartman (to consider) an exotic curiosity because of the exaggerated
scale of her posterior in relationship to the rest of her frame.
5. The current assemblage better (to compare) to a film montage, because it
(to be) in perpetual in motion.
6. Bertin, who later (to become) known as the Ministre de la Mode, (to be)
instrumental in generating a passion for the latest fashions thanks to her work for
the French queen Marie Antoinette, whom she (to dress) from 1770 until she (to
dethrone) in 1792.
7. A keen historical awareness (to provide) an advantage as the twenty-first
century tests their facility at producing fashions that (to serve) as a conduit for selfexpression in a culture where anything (to go).
8. The conservative Victorian era (to know) for a prudish societal focus on
moral values, especially female purity.
9. It often (to create) through the manipulation of the fabric that (to drape) in
the rear, using pleats, flounces, and bows.
10. By the 1820s women’s fashion (to move) away from the classically
influenced empire style and (to return) to the corseting and full skirts of the
previous era.
11. Saartjie “Sarah” Baartman (to exploit) as a sideshow attraction called the
Hottentot Venus.
12. The silhouette, called the S-bend or S-curve, (to achieve) by tight-lacing
the corset.
13. A fascination with novelty and the uneasy suppression of sexuality (can,
to see) to come together in the Victorian bustle.
14. Today fashion cycles (to run) their course at breakneck speeds.
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15. She (to become) an icon of the era, so the “Gibson Girl” (to mean) to
caricature the sense of competition, independence, and athleticism that (to define)
this new woman – not necessarily traits that (to encourage) for genteel ladies.
16. It further (to accentuate) with heavier fabrics and more ornate
decoration.
6.2.4 Insert necessary prepositions.
1. When Edward VII ascended … the throne of England … 1901 fashion
favored the mature figure … ample curves and rounded bust line.
2. The conservative Victorian era is known … a prudish societal focus …
moral values, especially female purity.
3. … a short time, … 1878 … 1883, the bustle disappeared … lieu of a more
natural, flat-backed dress.
4. … designers, a keen historical awareness provides an advantage as the
twenty-first century tests their facility … producing fashions that serve as a conduit
… self-expression … a culture where anything goes.
5. … the same time, standard paper patterns became available … mail order.
6. Baartman was considered an exotic curiosity … the exaggerated scale of
her posterior … relationship … the rest of her frame, a genetic characteristic of the
Khoisan people of South Africa, … particular the women.
7. … year … year, season … season, and even week … week, the fashion
industry borrows and blends … all manner of garments and every conceivable
historical reference.
8. … the end of the 1800s the bustle had been reduced … a small pad that
carried … the Edwardian era.
9. … some customers, his constant flux of fashion constitutes a never-ending
race to keep up … trends.
10. … the decline of the bustle, sleeves gained more prominence,
culminating … the mid-1890s … gigantic leg-o’-muttons offset … a tiny waist.
11. Contributing … the wide dissemination of fashion trends … the end of
the century was the rise … popularity of fashion plates and journals.
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12. Clothing, however, was … to give way to a new streamlined silhouette,
and the Edwardian era marks the last moment … fashion history that, … today’s
standards, could be regarded as costume.
13. The needle trade grew exponentially … technological advances.
14. Whereas … recent decades one could describe any composition of
various styles as a collage, the current assemblage is better compared … a film
montage, because it is … perpetual … motion.
15. Bertin was instrumental … generating a passion … the latest fashions …
her work … the French queen Marie Antoinette, whom she dressed … 1770 until
she was dethroned … 1792.
6.2.5 Do the task using appropriate form of the word in brackets.
1. Baartman was considered an exotic (curious) because of the exaggerated
scale of her posterior in (relative) to the rest of her frame, a (gene) characteristic of
the Khoisan people of South Africa, in particular the women.
2. It was further (accent) with (heavy) fabrics and more ornate (decorate).
3. From year to year the fashion industry borrows and blends from all
manner of garments and every conceivable historical (refer).
4. The early bustle of 1870s can be described in terms of the (light) of
material and lack of (decorate).
5. Parallel to mainstream fashion, a (move) emerged in the 1860s and 1870s
known as (artist) and, (late), aesthetic dress.
6. It was often created through the (manipulate) of the fabric that was draped
in the rear, using pleats, flounces, and bows.
7. Tailored traveling suits were a (fashion) and practical (variant) of the new
look.
8. Although she became an icon of the era, the “Gibson Girl” was meant to
caricature the sense of (compete), (depend), and athleticism that defined this new
woman – not (necessary) traits that were encouraged for genteel ladies.
9. The front of the silhouette had the (appear) of an apron.
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10. For (design), a keen (history) (aware) provides an advantage as the
twenty-first century tests their facility at producing fashions that serve as a conduit
for (express) in a culture where anything goes.
11. For a short time, from 1878 to 1883, the bustle (appear) in lieu of a more
(nature), flat-backed dress.
12. In protest against crinolines and (restrict) corsets, as well as the idea of
mass-produced clothing, a group of artists, (write), and actors, most (famous)
associated with Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Morris, promoted this (loose),
distinctly bohemian style that embraced many medieval and Renaissance
(sensibility).
6.2.6 Make up special questions (or WH-questions) to the following
sentences.
1. For some customers, this constant flux of fashion constitutes a never-
ending race to keep up with trends.
2. The conservative Victorian era is known for a prudish societal focus on
moral values, especially female purity.
3. Today fashion cycles run their course at breakneck speeds.
4. The embellished blouse became a signature of the Gibson Girl, featuring
details like lace inserts and trim, embroidery, appliqués, faggoting, tucks, and
pleats.
5. For a short time, from 1878 to 1883, the bustle disappeared in lieu of a
more natural, flat-backed dress.
6. From year to year, season to season, and even week to week, the fashion
industry borrows and blends from all manner of garments and every conceivable
historical reference.
7. By the 1820s women’s fashion had moved away from the classically
influenced empire style and returned to the corseting and full skirts of the previous
era.
8. A fascination with novelty and the uneasy suppression of sexuality could
be seen to come together in the Victorian bustle.
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9. The American artist Charles Dana Gibson captured the ideal in his
satirical illustrations of the modern woman.
10. Isaac Singer patented the first home-scaled sewing machine and
distributed it widely.
11. For designers, a keen historical awareness provides an advantage as the
twenty-first century tests their facility at producing fashions that serve as a conduit
for self-expression in a culture where anything goes.
12. The early bustle of 1870s can be described in terms of the lightness of
material and lack of decoration.
13. The silhouette, called the S-bend or S-curve, was achieved by tight-
lacing the corset, which pushed the hips back and thrust the bust forward to form a
monobosom.
6.3 Reading comprehension
6.3.1 Read the text and give the main idea using the following cliché.
The text is devoted to…
The text deals with the topic…
The text raises/brings up the problem…
The main idea of the text is…
The text includes…
It can be divided into …parts: …
6.3.2 In pairs answer the questions.
1. Why is the dressmaker and stylist Rose Bertin considered to be one figure
of special note in the eighteenth century?
2. What are the reasons for calling the 1800s a time of modernity?
3. What is the conservative Victorian era known for?
4. How is female purity expressed in clothes for women?
5. Who is Saartjie “Sarah” Baartman? What is she famous for?
6. How can the early bustle of 1870s be described?
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7. What happened in 1878 and 1883 in fashion industry?
8. What was the movement emerged in the 1860s and 1870s?
9. Tell a story about the “Gibson Girl”.
10. What happened in fashion industry when Edward VII ascended to the
throne of England in 1901?
11. How can you characterize fashion in the modern world?
12. What do fashion and the constant flux of fashion mean for customers?
13. What do fashion and historical awareness mean for designers?
6.3.3 Make up a plan to the text. Write down the words and phrases to each
point of the plan. Retell the text using the plan.
6.3.4 Work in pairs and discuss how fashion has been changing throughout
years. Draw conclusions from what you have discussed and share them with your
groupmates.
6.3.5 Work in group of four. Prepare a project called “Costume History”.
The main idea is to present how costumes were changing during the twentieth
century. You can use your own drawings to show the costumes. Use the
vocabulary from the texts about costume history. Present your project and discuss
it with your groupmates.
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Unit 7 Graphic Design
Graphic Design
Graphic design is the art of creating and arranging visual elements to
communicate a message effectively.
While the term “graphic design” was coined in the 1920s, the art form itself
has long been an essential part of visual communication. Early examples of graphic
design can be seen in ancient manuscripts and even prehistoric cave paintings.
Today, the graphic design industry spans many different disciplines and
specializations. It's an exciting field that’s constantly evolving. Its adaptive nature
can make it hard to understand exactly what graphic design is and what types of
work graphic designers do.
Graphic design is the art of composing visual elements – such as
typography, images, colours, and shapes – to communicate information or convey
a message effectively. Designing the layout of a magazine, creating a poster for a
theatre performance, and designing packaging for a product are all examples of
graphic design.
In fact, almost everyone today practices some form of graphic design in their
daily life – whether it’s adding text to an image for social media or colour-coding a
spreadsheet for work. Basically, if you’re creating visual content, you’re practicing
some form of graphic design.
The objective of graphic design is to convey or enhance a message.
Good graphic art streamlines communication. Picture a spreadsheet with
data analytics. A graphic designer might use different colours to highlight which
metrics are rising and which are dropping, making it easier for the viewer to
quickly understand what’s going well and what they need to adjust.
Well-executed graphic design can also elicit an emotional response from the
viewer or even motivate them to take action. The “sign up” page on a website, for
example, typically entices visitors to join an email list or start a free trial.
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Meanwhile, food packaging design aims to make the food inside seem more
appealing to eat.
As visual communicators of ideas, information, and messages, graphic
designers use their artistic skills and technical expertise to undertake a variety of
tasks and responsibilities, depending on the specific role or project they’re working
on.
A graphic designer’s responsibilities range from brand and visual identity
design to marketing design and advertising, web design, illustration, type design,
infographic design, textile and surface design, packaging design, editorial or
publication design, motion graphic design, and user interface design. Each of these
aspects requires visual communication and team collaboration from graphic
designers.
Visual communication is the foundation of graphic design, and it's the first
step for each project you’ll take on. Graphic designers start this step by working
alongside their client, department, or team to understand the project, its
background, audience, goals, and other items provided by the client and/or brief.
What follows is a collaborative brainstorm of ideas and visual concepts until it’s
time to start the design, layout, and composition.
7.1 Vocabulary exercises
7.1.1 Transcribe and translate the following words and phrases from the text
above: communicate, messages, coin, ancient manuscripts, essential, cave
paintings, compose, visual elements, layout, packaging, spreadsheet, objective,
convey, enhance, highlight, elicit, undertake, responsibilities, identity, advertising,
illustration, type design, infographic design, textile design, surface design,
packaging design, editorial design, publication design, motion graphic design, user
interface design, collaboration, brainstorm composition, typography.
7.1.2 Make up expressions with the words from the previous exercise.
7.1.3 Fill in the gaps using vocabulary list of Exercise 7.1.1. Translate the
sentences into Russian.
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