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Файл:English for students of graphic design. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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What’s your vision for the project? This isn’t some pie in the sky hope, but a
vision statement, which envisions a problem that needs resolution. That means
clarifying the reason for the project. The vision statement is a formal document
that states the project’s potential. It’s presented to stakeholders to show the
viability of the project and its benefits.
It isn’t a long, detailed document. You can have a short, idealistic vision in
terms of the outcome of the project; after all, this is how you sell the project. So,
paint a picture of the project’s success, and place it in a larger context.
To support that vision document, you need to identify a problem that needs
solving. Therefore, a needs assessment is often required, so you can see the
obstacles the business is encountering. This will align the problem you’re
addressing with the organization and its strategy. It will also provide you with the
necessary data to design an optimal solution for the problem.
To begin, what information are you gathering? What sources are there for
that information, and how will you then gather the information? Next, analyze and
determine the problems that your project is being created to resolve. Collect those
results in a document.
Next, you need to recognize the necessary resources to get the project done.
Resources are anything from people to equipment to the facilities necessary to
complete the project successfully.
A good way to figure out the resources is the same way journalists approach
a news story, with the Five W’s: who, what, where, when and why. Who do you
need to execute the project, what resource management tools are required, where
will the work be done, when will the project start and end, and why are these
resources needed?
You can’t achieve your goals if you’ve not first identified them. A goal is
something at the end of the project that is both observable and measurable. A goal
coincides with the resolution of a problem.
Create a goal statement that explains how the goals are addressed in the
project. To do this well, apply the SMART method, which stands for specific,
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measurable, achievable, realistic and time-relevant. Each goal should be defined by
these terms.
Use the plan to analyze the components of the project, the outcomes and the
impacts. Outcomes are measurable changes, while impacts are how well the project
goals are being achieved. Therefore, the evaluation plan is a detailed document that
defines criteria to determine the project’s effectiveness and efficiency by tracking
progress on all aspects of the project.
3.1 Vocabulary exercises
3.1.1 Transcribe and translate the following words from the text above:
project design, major, step, strategic, purpose, goal, rely on, pitfall, maintain,
achieve, clarify, avoid, suit, schedule, budget, rush through, a preliminary stage,
experience, backend, responsibility, stakeholder, responsible for, complete,
outcomes, deliverable, estimate, evaluate, outline, needs, implementation strategy,
problem, reason for, vision statement, viability, assessment, obstacle, envision,
data, gather, facility, equipment, execute, observable, measurable, time-relevant,
terms, effectiveness, efficiency, determine.
3.1.2 Make up expressions with the following verbs using the nouns from
Exercise 3.1.1: to determine, to achieve, to rely on, to avoid, to rush through, to be
responsible for, to complete, to estimate, to evaluate, to outline, to suit, to envision,
to clarify, to gather, to execute.
3.1.3 Find 4 verbs in Exercise 3.1.1 which collocate with the word “project”.
3.1.4 Work with the dictionary. Find the difference between the following
words: goal, purpose, aim, target.
3.1.5 Find the synonyms in the text to the given words and phrases: to be in
charge of, timetable, to make a strong decision, difficulties, the result, goal, to
finish the project, the process of judging, important, ability to work, to perform,
conditions, to collect, information, a detailed plan, money, a stage.
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3.1.6 Do the word-building task. Be careful, not all the words have multiple
forms.
Verb Noun Adjective
to determine
to complete
to evaluate
to execute
effectiveness
implementation
strategy
responsible
observable
measurable
deliverable
3.1.7 Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the
vocabulary in Exercise 3.1.1.
1. Чтобы успешно завершить проект, нужно четко распланировать и
продумать каждый шаг, выбирая эффективную стратегию реализации
проекта.
2. Он не ответственен за реализацию проекта.
3. Если продумать все возможные препятствия, которые могут
задержать завершение проекта, то поставленные цели будут достигнуты.
4. Перед тем, как приступить к проектированию, стоит собрать
необходимую информацию о целевой аудитории и ее потребностях,
бюджете, сроках.
5. Результаты реализации проекта должны быть видимыми и
измеримыми.
6. Цель – это конечный результат, который нацелен на достижение
желаемого.
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7. Разработка проекта является важным шагом на пути к успешной
реализации проекта.
8. Руководители проекта не должны спешить и опускать
предварительные этапы проекта, поскольку любой опытный менеджер
скажет, что, чем больше сил и времени вы потратите на разработку проекта,
тем лучше будут ваши результаты на выходе.
9. Ресурсы – это все, начиная от людей, задействованных в
проектировании, заканчивая оборудованием и средствами, необходимыми
для успешного завершения проекта.
10. Вы не сможете достичь своих целей, если сначала не определите их.
11. План надежности (оценивания) представляет собой подробный
документ, определяющий критерии для определения эффективности проекта
при помощи тщательного отслеживания прогресса по всем аспектам
проектирования.
12. Хороший способ определить необходимые для проекта ресурсы –
это применение метода, который любят использовать журналисты в своей
работе с новостным сюжетом, а именно, поиск ответов на 5 вопросы: кто,
что, как, почему, когда.
3.1.8 Make up 9 sentences with the words and phrases from Exercise 3.1.1.
3.2 Grammar exercises
3.2.1 Identify the following verb forms and their voice: need to identify, will
be reached, are addressing, should be defined, are being achieved, coincides, have
not identified, are made, would be done, will align, is being created.
3.2.2 Open the brackets using Active or Passive Voice.
1. Outcomes (to be) measurable changes, while impacts (to be) how well the
project goals (to achieve).
2. Each goal should (to define) by these terms.
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3. In this stage of the project, the decisions about how to manage and govern
(to make).
4. You can’t (to achieve) your goals if you (not to identify) them.
5. To support that vision document, you need (to identify) a problem that
(need) solving.
6. A project plan (to create) and centers on the needs of the stakeholders, the
organization and the project itself.
7. It (to present) to stakeholders to show the viability of the project and its
benefits.
8. The vision statement (to be) a formal document that (to state) the project’s
potential.
9. It (to describe) when these goals, outcomes and objectives will (to reach),
and the major deliverables, products or features that will (to complete).
10. This document will then (to use) to manage all further stages of the
project.
11. Who do you need to execute the project, what resource management
tools (to require), where will the work (to do), when will the project (to start) and
(to end), and why (need) these resources?
12. A goal (to coincide) with the resolution of a problem.
13. Next, analyze and determine the problems that your project (to create) to
resolve.
3.2.3 Make the following sentences negative.
1. Therefore, a needs assessment is often required, so you can see the
obstacles the business is encountering.
2. Who do you need to execute the project, what resource management
tools are required, where will the work be done, when will the project start and
end, and why are these resources needed?
3. Create a goal statement that explains how the goals are addressed in the
project.
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4. Any seasoned project manager can tell you from experience that the more
you put in the front end of a project, the better your results will be on the backend.
5. It describes when these goals, outcomes and objectives will be reached,
and the major deliverables, products or features that will be completed.
6. There can be more than one design presented to stakeholders, who can
then choose which they think best suits their needs.
7. Therefore, you want to involve your team and stakeholders in the process
to make sure you’re covering all the bases.
8. The vision statement is a formal document that states the project’s
potential.
9. A goal coincides with the resolution of a problem.
10. You can achieve your goals if you’ve first identified them.
11. You can have a short, idealistic vision in terms of the outcome of the
project; after all, this is how you sell the project.
12. This will align the problem you’re addressing with the organization and
its strategy.
3.2.4 Insert necessary prepositions.
1. There are steps to take … defining projects and developing an
implementation strategy.
2. A project plan is created and centers … the needs … the stakeholders
3. Resources are anything … people … equipment … the facilities necessary
to complete the project successfully.
4. Project design is a major first step … a successful project.
5. A goal coincides … the resolution of a problem.
6. Some might rush … the preliminary stages of a project.
7. You can have a short, idealistic vision … terms … the outcome … the
project.
8. Project managers rely … a good design to avoid pitfalls.
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9. A goal is something … the end … the project that is both observable and
measurable.
10. That means clarifying the reason … the project.
11. It will also provide you … the necessary data to design an optimal
solution … the problem.
12. Any seasoned project manager can tell you … experience that the more
you put … the front end … a project, the better your results will be … the backend.
13. Each goal should be defined … these terms.
14. The project design includes everything … who is responsible …
completing the project … a description of the project, its goals, outcomes and
objectives.
3.2.5 Make up special questions (or WH-questions) to the following
sentences. Ask your partner these questions.
1. Project managers rely on a good design to avoid pitfalls and provide
parameters to maintain crucial aspects of the project.
2. To support that vision document, you need to identify a problem that
needs solving.
3. The project design includes everything from who is responsible for
completing the project to a description of the project, its goals, outcomes and
objectives.
4. The vision statement is a formal document that states the project’s
potential.
5. Any seasoned project manager can tell you from experience that the more
you put in the front end of a project, the better your results will be on the backend.
6. It will also provide you with the necessary data to design an optimal
solution for the problem.
7. A project plan is created and centers on the needs of the stakeholders, the
organization and the project itself.
8. A good way to figure out the resources is the same way journalists
approach a news story, with the Five W’s: who, what, where, when and why.
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9. Project design is one of the first responsibilities of the project manager for
a given project.
10. The project design estimates the budget and outlines how to monitor and
evaluate progress.
3.3 Reading comprehension
3.3.1 Read the text and give the main idea using the following cliché.
The text is devoted to…
The text deals with the topic…
The text raises/brings up the problem…
The main idea of the text is…
3.3.2 Complete the sentences with the information from the text. Work in
pairs and compare the sentences.
1. Project design is …
2. Project managers rely on a good design to …
3. A project plan is created and centers on …
4. The project design includes …
5. The project design describes … and estimates …
6. There are steps to take for defining projects and developing an
implementation strategy. They are …
7. The vision statement is …
8. A good way to figure out the resources is …
9. A goal is … and it coincides with …
10. Outcomes are …
11. The evaluation plan is …
3.3.3 Read the text once again and make up a short plan how to work with
project design. In a group of three discuss the plan. Retell the text using the plan.
3.3.4 Imagine that you’ve got a letter from your friend Tom who writes:
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Dear friend,
I feel so sorry I haven’t been in touch for so long. But I have great news! I
successfully graduated from the university. I applied for jobs in different
companies. After sending out a lot of CVs and having some interviews, I got a job
as a project manager. My boss gave me a personal task to prepare a design project
of a new educational platform that provides an engaging learning experience. To
impress him I am going to do my best but I need your help to succeed in fulfilling
the task. I know you know a lot about project design. What shall I start with? What
are the main steps of defining a project and developing an implementation
strategy? Can you give me some tips how to make up an evaluation plan?
You’re my last chance. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon!
Love, Tom
Write a letter of 200-250 words sharing the tips for working with project
design.
3.3.5 Write a dialogue between a client and a project manager. Present the
dialogue in the group. Discuss the strong points of each dialogue. Choose the
dialogue that seemed most realistic to you. Prove your choice.
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Unit 4 Computer Technology and Art Design
Computer Technology and Art Design
Art design is a highly comprehensive subject, involving society, culture,
economy, market, science and technology and so on. Besides, it is a strong
independence of artistic discipline, which includes production and design of arts
and crafts, environmental design, graphic design, and multi-media design. In the
final analysis, art design is the embodiment of the designer’s own comprehensive
quality.
The application of computer technology can play a significant role in the art
design, thereby promoting the overall development of art design and giving full
play to its true level. Such a success is achieved because the computer technology
itself has a very high value and proper use of it can push art design forward.
Nowadays, all fields are inseparable from the application of computer
technology, and its status becomes increasingly important. This phenomenon is
mainly due to the features of computer technology itself. Application of computer
technology in art design has the following features.
The application of computer technology in art design will speed up the
development process of art and design. The introduction of computer technology
into the art design changes the manual activities such as graphic design, animation
design, three-dimensional design, etc., which not only saves time and reduces the
loss of labor, but also greatly improves the work efficiency of the art design.
The application of computer technology prevents a lot of trouble for the
previous manual art design and simplifies art and design. Most of the art design
work is completed by inkjet machines, which is different from the previous
complicated process and reduces the burden. By using computer technology, art
design can be conducted in a quick and simple manner.
Computer technology has great advantages in art design. It makes art design
more efficient, faster and more accurate and is a major innovation in the art design.
Advantages of computer technology are embodied in the following aspects.
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