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Файл:English for Senior Students. Part 1. Учебное пособие
.pdf
―Why did you leave your last position?‖ Sometimes interviewers
curriculum vitae
night shift
impression
flextime
pay and conditions
interview
shift work
child care
clock in and out
qualifications
also try to get to know the applicant better. They ask questions
about the applicant‘s personal background, family, and hobbies.
Interviewers expect applicants to talk profoundly, confidently,
and truthfully about their work experience, skills, goals, and
abilities. When the interview is over, the applicant stands up,
shakes hands with the interviewer, and says thank you for the
time the person has offered.
Job applicants who can show they are capable, well-prepared,
punctual, polite and honest have a better chance of getting the
job they‘re looking for.
Ex. A. Complete the text below with the words from
the list:
When applying for a job, it is extremely important to create
the right 1) …………. . Your prospective employer will already
have read your 2) …………. – information about your experience
and 3) …………. – and decided to invite you to a (an) 4) ………….
if you appear suitable.
During this meeting you should try to speak clearly and
confidently as this will impress the interviewer. If your job
involves 5) …………. , you will be informed of the different times
you‘ll begin work each day. Some jobs, such as lorry driving, may
also involve working 6) …………. , so you will have to adjust your
sleeping patterns. Other jobs offer the opportunity to work
7) …………. and are particularly suitable for people with other
responsibilities such as 8) ……………. . You will probably have to
use a card to 9) …………… so that a record of your hours can be
kept.
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Finally, it is very important to ask any questions about
10) …………..…, so that there are no misunderstandings once you
start your new job.
Ex. B. Complete the text below with the correct words
derived from the words in bold.
Sadly, losing one‘s job and becoming 1) …………… (employ)
is a common occurrence for many people these days. As a result,
the queues at local job centres have 2) ………… (gradual)
lengthened, as people on unemployment benefit seek new
employment. People usually end up on the dole because they
have been made redundant – their 3) ……………. (employ)
decided that their services were no longer required.
Alternatively, they may have been given the sack for doing
something wrong at work. In both cases, the unemployed person
can claim social security, which is money from the 4) ……………
(govern) that helps cover the cost of 5) ………….. (day) living –
food, heating bills and rent. However, social security cannot be
claimed if a person has resigned, in other words, left his or her
job by 6) …………… (choose).
Task 7. Read the text and complete the gaps with the
correct prepositions.
Articles about redundancies frequently focus … numbers and
statistics and tend to ignore the psychological impact … job losses.
Naturally, reactions … redundancies vary … one individual …
another and depend … age and the number of years spent with
the company, among other factors. However, most of the victims
initially feel disbelief, then anger and depression. Indeed, such a
change in their professional circumstances can have a devastating
effect … their home lives and family relationships. Very often, for
example, losing one‘s job means having to relocate, sometimes far
away … one‘s relatives and close friends. In addition,
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redundancies also have long-lasting effect … those who survive.
Survivors often feel guilty … being luckier than those who had to
go, betrayed … management, and frightened … being the next.
Task 8. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. Labor law is the body of laws, administrative rulings and
precedents, which address the legal rights of and restrictions on
working people and their organizations.
2. Workers‘ organizations, such as trade unions, can
transcend purely industrial disputes and gain political power,
which some employers may oppose.
3. The rights and obligations of the worker and the employer
between one another are mediated through the contract of
employment between the two.
4. In the USA majority of state laws allow for employment to
be ―at will‖, meaning the employer can terminate an employee
from a position for any reason, so long as the reason is not an
illegal one, including a termination in violation of public policy.
5. One of the crucial concerns of workers and those who
believe that labor rights are important, is that in a globalizing
economy common social standards ought to support economic
development in common markets.
6. The opposing view suggests that free competition for
capital investment between different countries increases the
dynamic efficiency of the market place.
7. Countries are incentivized to invest in education, training
and skills in their workforce in order to obtain a comparative
advantage.
8. The International Labor Organization, whose headquar-
ters are in Geneva, is one of the oldest surviving international
bodies, and the only surviving international body set up at the
time of the League of Nations following the First World War.
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9. A collective labor law relates to the tripartite relationship
between an employee, an employer and a union.
10. An individual labor law concerns employees‘ rights at
work and through the contract for work.
Task 9. Translate the text into English.
Существуют несколько видов занятости:
Постоянная занятость
Неполная занятость
Нерегулярная занятость
Постоянная занятость – это занятость работника, которая
гарантирована ему в течение всей его жизни. Она не
включает в себя разовые, временные или сезонные работы.
Постоянная занятость распространена в государственном
секторе,
Обычно «постоянные» работники работают на одного
работодателя, который выплачивает им зарплату напрямую.
В дополнение к зарплате они часто получают другие
преимущества, такие как медицинская страховка, оплачиваемые отпуска, выходные на праздники и прибавку к пенсии.
В целом работники больших предприятий лучше защищены
как в своей трудовой практике, так и на случай увольнения.
Неполный рабочий день – форма занятости, при которой
длительность рабочего времени работника меньше, чем
установлено работодателем. Согласно данным Международной Организации Труда за последние 20 лет число
работников с неполным рабочим днѐм увеличилось с 1/4 до 1/2
в большинстве развитых стран. Существует много причин
распространения такой модели занятости, например личные
убеждения работника, сокращение времени работодателем
или неспособность найти работу на полный рабочий день.
Нерегулярная занятость – модель занятости, практикуемая в Австралии и предусматриваемая трудовым законо-
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дательством Австралийского Союза, при которой работник
получает большую почасовую оплату своего труда (по крайней
мере, на 20%) в качестве компенсации отсутствия гарантии
занятости и других положенных ему преимуществ, например,
отпуска по болезни.
Если в какой-то момент времени отсутствует
необходимость в работе, работодатель может законным
образом расторгнуть трудовой договор
Фрилансер – это частный специалист (внештатный
работник). Будучи вне постоянного штата какой-либо
компании, фрилансер может одновременно выполнять заказы
для разных клиентов. Термин фрилансер впервые
употребляется Вальтером Скоттом в романе «Айвенго» для
описания «средневекового наѐмного воина».
Фрилансер чаще всего сам предлагает свои услуги – через
интернет (онлайн-работа), газетные объявления или
пользуясь «сарафанным радио», то есть личными связями.
Фриланс особенно распространѐн в таких областях
деятельности, как журналистика, юриспруденция,
компьютерное программирование, архитектура, дизайн
перевод, разного рода экспертная и консультационная
деятельность. Рынок фриланс-услуг в настоящее время уже
достаточно развит в Западной Европе и США и стремительно
развивается в России и странах СНГ.
Task 10. Read the article and answer the questions.
1. In which way are employees and employers trying to
adjust to new relations on the labour market?
2. What does the expression ―business of one‖ mean?
3. How does the Internet help freelancers nowadays?
45
A Business Of One: 5 Strategies For Successful
Freelancing.
By Fabio Rosati
Just a generation ago, a typical employee could get a job
right out of college with a big company, and reasonably expect to
stay there for his or her entire career. Contrast that with this
startling statistic from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: as of
2010, the average time an American worker stays at a job is less
than four and a half years.
What‘s more, the old way of matching available jobs with
qualified employees is not effective anymore. Companies are
limited to employees who live close enough to commute, and
workers are forced to adapt their unique skills to whatever
opportunities they happen to find in the local help-wanted ads.
Employees and employers alike end up trying to adjust.
As the idea of a pension and gold watch at retirement fades
away, an increasing number of workers are taking matters into
their own hands by becoming a ―business of one.‖ By declaring
their independence – and joining the growing number of freelance
workers – they can match specific skill sets with an endless
global pool of opportunities. Independent workers are offered the
flexibility of working on their own terms, setting schedules and
controlling workloads that fit their lifestyles.
None of this would have been possible just a few years ago.
Freelancers used to rely on exchanging business cards at
networking events, putting up flyers at local shops and sending
out postcards to nearby businesses.
Today, the opportunities for independent workers have
exploded. With a few keystrokes, freelancers can build a
professional online presence and connect with business opportunities anywhere, at any time. And all the paperwork and red tape
is now handled automatically by many online services, freeing
contractors up to focus on growing their businesses.
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But as with new companies of all sizes, building a successful
―business of one‖ takes time and careful planning. Relying on the
Internet for business leads opens contractors up to a world of
opportunity, but also a world of competition. The most successful
freelancers are the ones who stand out from the crowd. Here are
a few tips if you‘re looking to get started:
Be human
Every hiring decision is a personal one, so make sure your
personality comes through when you contact potential employers.
You are much more likely to be hired if you‘re enthusiastic about
why the position is right for you.
Highlight your product
The traditional resume is dying. Talented professionals
can‘t describe their skills on a single sheet of paper, which is
why many are turning to digital portfolios that go well beyond the
written word.
Build your reputation
In the past, freelancers relied on word of mouth and
reference letters. The Internet works in much the same way,
except that everything is magnified. Contingent, project-based
work allows freelancers to assemble a varied work history with
verifiable feedback from past clients.
Don‘t be shy
One of the myths of the Internet is that if you build a Web
presence, people will come. As a ―business of one‖ you can‘t sit
back passively. Most employment sites allow you to contact the
job poster directly to show your interest and explain why you are
a great fit for the position.
Embrace the new job marketplace
Online employment sites effectively connect contractors with
companies in need of specific talents. Freelancers can also gain a
real-time view of market trends, the skills that are most indemand and the competition they face. And as the online
47
employment marketplace matures, independent workers can find
demand for practically any white-collar skill.
If the old way of working feels out of date in today‘s digital
world, it may be time for you to take the leap and become a
―business of one‖ [2].
Ex. A. Find the highlighted expressions in the text that
mean the following.
1) surprising or astonishing
2) travel some distance between one's home and place of
work on a regular basis
3) act in order to achieve the desired fit, appearance, or
result
4) fact of leaving one's job, usually due to age
5) ability to adapt to the situation
6) arise or develop suddenly
7) rules and formalities, especially in public business
8) manipulate
9) curriculum vitae
10) those who work in an office or other professional environment
Ex. B. Decide whether these statements are true or
false.
1. Personality is not taken into account while considering
candidates.
2. Nowadays it is not enough to describe your skills on paper.
3. Many sites allow the applicants to address the employer
in order to get more information.
4. As compared to the past, nothing changed significantly in
the way freelancers can get the job.
5. If you build a Web presence, people will immediately
find you.
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Ex. C. Complete the table with the information from
Factors
The Past
Nowadays
Proximity to the
work place
was not important;
matching available
jobs with qualified
employees was the
main factor
Retirement
Flexibility
Opportunity to
advertise your
skills
the text.
Ex. D. Now compare the past and current situations on
the job market using the information from the table. What
is different?
Task 11. Read the article and translate it into Russian.
How to Behave On a First Job Interview
1. Planning.
Before going to your interview, it is important that you read
and search about the company and familiarize yourself with their
operational activities. If that is too difficult, make sure you know
the name of the owners, or the industry they operating in.
Having got a broad knowledge of the company you will prove
extremely beneficial.
Moreover, you must prepare yourself for the interview. This
will include asking yourself questions, relating to your skills, and
49
experience. Ask your friends or family members for help or
anyone who had prior knowledge about the company you have
applied in.
2. Dress adequately.
Most companies have a dress code and your business attire
will provide a fair reflection of your personality. If you are
applying for a full-time job at a big investment or financial
organization, make sure that you avoid any casual wear.
However, semi-formal dressing will do if you work for a trade
apprenticeship or creative work.
3. Be on time
Make sure that you arrive for your first interview 10 to 15
minutes earlier. Keeping your prospective employers waiting
will not make a good first impression. Moreover, plan your
travel so that you don‘t get stuck in traffic jam or transport
delay.
4. Bring your paperwork with.
Print a new resume and put it in a folder. If the company has
inquired about your academic qualifications or any internship
experience, make sure that you have all the necessary documents
with you.
5. Sell your skills.
If the position requires certain skills, and expertise, it is
always important to relate them with your own experience and
academics. If you have performed a task in that particular field,
don‘t hesitate to share. Let the interviewer know that you have
the necessary skill set for this particular opening.
6. Ask some questions.
Before leaving, it is important that you ask some questions
relevant to that particular job. This is recommended and will
show the interviewer that you have researched well [12].
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