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Файл:English for Senior Students. Part 1. Учебное пособие
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company for wage talks.
2. Someone‘s wages are the money that
they are paid each week for the work
that they do.
perk
n.
Fringe benefit, something extra, such as
a car or free accommodation, which you
may receive in addition to your salary.
e.g. There are nice perks with the job
such as help with your mortgage.
curriculum
vitae
n.
A brief account of a person‘s education,
qualifications, and previous occupations, typically sent with the job
application
e.g. Send a curriculum vitae and the
names of two referees.
night shift
n.
1. A period of time worked at night in a
factory, hospital, etc.
e.g. He‘s a doughnut-maker on the
night shift at a bakery.
2. The employees who work during the
night shift
e.g. At 8 a.m. the night shift goes home
flextime
n.
A system of working a set number of
hours with the starting and finishing
times chosen within agreed limits by
the employee
e.g. a 35-hour week with flextime.
shift work
n.
Work comprising recurring periods in
which different groups of workers do
the same jobs in relay.
e.g. He prefers shift work.
clock in and
To fix or check the time of coming to
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out
work and leaving the work
e.g. His responsibility is to note clock in
and out of the workers.
familiarize
v.
To learn about something, to know
much about the subject.
e.g. She familiarized her colleagues
with the principles
experience
n.
1. Event(s) of which one is cognizant
e.g. It was an experience he would not
soon forget.
2. Activity which one has performed.
e.g. I know this from my experience.
research
n.
1. Diligent inquiry or examination to
seek or revise facts, principles,
theories, applications, etc., laborious
or continued search after truth
e.g. The first step I took in this so
necessary a research, was to examine
the motives, the justice, the necessity
and expediency of the revolution.
research
v.
1. To search or examine with continued
care; to seek diligently
e.g. scientific research
2. To make an extensive investigation
into.
e.g. He has been researching this
problem for a long period of time.
relevant
adj.
1. Directly related, connected, or
pertinent to a topic
e.g. His mother provided some
relevant background information
concerning his medical condition.
32
2. Not out of date; current
e.g. relevant events
expertise
n.
Great skill or knowledge in a particular
field or hobby e.g. The scientist has
expertise in the nuclear field.
attire
n.
1. One's dress, what one wears, one's
clothes e.g. He was wearing his formal
attire.
folder
n.
1. An organizer that papers are kept in,
usually with an index tab, to be stored
as a single unit in a filing cabinet.
e.g. I keep all my schoolwork in a yellow
folder.
delay
v.
1. To put off until a later time, to
distract. e.g. the plain was delayed for
unknown reasons.
2. To retard, to stop, detain, or hinder
for a time.
e.g. The mountains may delay the
army‘s advance
delay
n.
A period of time before an event occurs,
the act of delaying, procrastination,
lingering inactivity
e.g. The delay before the echo of a
sound.
apprenticeship
n.
The system by which a person learning a
craft or trade is instructed by a master
for a set time under set conditions e.g.
I‘m supposed to have served a five-year
apprenticeship.
beneficial
adj.
Effective, helpful or good to something
or someone e.g. Recycling and reusing
33
garbage can be beneficial to the
environment.
impression
n.
1. The overall effect of something, e.g.
on a person e.g. What is your
impression of Beatles' music?
2. The indentation or depression made
by the pressure of one object on or into
another.
resume
v.
1. To take back possession of something
e.g. She was ready to resume her
duties.
2. To summarize e.g. He resumed the
conversation.
resume
n.
A summary of education and employment experience e.g. send a resume.
personality
n.
1. A set of qualities that makes a person
(or thing) distinct from another one.
e.g. Your personality is your nature.
2. Individuality existing in itself, but
with a nature as a ground. e.g. He was
named Radio Sports Personality of the
year.
3. An assumed role or manner of
behavior. e.g. He is a strange
personality.
inquire
v.
1. To ask about something
e.g. He inquired if it was possible to
leave earlier.
2. To make an inquiry or an
investigation.
e.g. He went to the station to enquire
about the times of trains.
34
internship
n.
A job taken by a student in order to
learn a profession or trade. e.g. I‘ve
been an internship for already a year.
Work is the grand cure of all the maladies
and miseries that ever beset mankind.
(Th. Carlyle)
Diligence is the mother of good fortune, and
idleness, its opposite, never brought a man to the
goal of any of his best wishes.
(S. Cervantes)
Employment is a process determined by
individual characters, job characteristics and
appearance
(Unknown)
To help the unemployed is not the same thing
as dealing with unemployment.
(Herbert Samuel)
Task 2. Discuss the following questions.
1. Have you ever applied for a job?
2. What steps are involved in an application?
3. Have you attended a job interview?
4. What sort of questions is usually asked at a job interview?
5. How would you organize the recruitment process?
Task 3. Agree or disagree with the quotations.
Task 4. Give Russian equivalents to the following
proverbs.
1. No pains, no gains.
2. Business before pleasure.
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3. Every man is an architect of his own fortune.
4. Jack of all trades and master of none.
5. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
Task 5. Read and translate the text.
Race Bias in Britain’s Workplaces
Undercover job hunters reveal hug race bias in Britain‘s
workplaces. Government employees create false identities to send
CVs to hundreds of employers in operation to uncover
discrimination
A government operation targeting hundreds of employers
across Britain has uncovered widespread racial discrimination
against workers with African and Asian names. Researchers sent
nearly 3,000 job applications under false identities in an attempt
to discover if employers were discriminating against jobseekers
with foreign names. Using names recognizably from three
different communities – Nazia Mahmood, Mariam Namagembe
and Alison Taylor – false identities were created with similar
experience and qualifications. Every false applicant had British
education and work histories. They found that an applicant who
appeared to be white would send nine applications before
receiving a positive response of either an invitation to an
interview or an encouraging telephone call. Minority candidates
with the same qualifications and experience had to send
16 applications before receiving a similar response. The alarming
results have prompted Jim Knight, the employment minister, to
consider barring certain companies from applying for government
contracts. ―We suspected there was a problem. This uncovers the
shocking scale of it,‖ he said.
―Candidates with an Asian or African name face real
discrimination and this has exposed the fact that companies are
missing out on real talent.‖ Researchers sent three different
36
applications for 987 vacancies between November 2013 and
May 2014. Nine occupations were chosen, ranging from highly
qualified positions such as accountants and IT technicians to less
well-paid positions such as care workers and sales assistants. All
the job vacancies were in the private, public and voluntary
sectors and were based in Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol,
Glasgow, Leeds, London and Manchester. The report concludes
that there was no plausible explanation for the difference in
treatment found between white British and ethnic minority
applicants other than racial discrimination. It found that public
sector employers were less likely to have discriminated on the
grounds of race than those in the private sector. The research is
also understood to have found that larger employers were less
likely to discriminate than small employers. Researchers have
refused to release the names of the guilty employers, but it is
expected that they will be contacted to let them know they had
been targeted.
The report has been welcomed by senior race advisers as
evidence of discrimination in the job market. Iqbal Wahhab, chair
of the Ethnic Minority Advisory Group, said: ―The evidence of the
report is unquestionable – we live in a society where racial
discrimination systematically occurs and mostly goes
unchallenged.‖ Wahhab said that the employers should not be
named, but instead persuaded to change.
The findings echo the experience of black and Asian
jobseekers contacted this weekend. James Nkwacha, 28, a
physics graduate whose family are from Nigeria, said he has
applied for 60 jobs this year but had only two replies. ―The jobs
are within my range. I am qualified for them. But for some
reason I have been overlooked,‖ he said. Navdeep Sethia, 24, an
unemployed architecture graduate from Chalk Farm, central
London, has submitted more than 400 job applications, but has
only heard back from 40 employers and has had fewer than 20
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interviews. ―I personally feel that my foreign-sounding name
makes a lot of difference.
Employers see my name and that is enough for them to put
my application aside,‖ he said. Peter Luff, a Conservative
politician praised the survey as a worthwhile exercise – as long
as the companies that have been targeted were not exposed to
public ridicule. ―The conclusions are deeply disturbing and
indicate the probability of significant discrimination which will
have to be analyzed closely once the full report is released this
week,‖ he said. ―I think this was a good exercise by the
government, and was worth the money.‖ Abigail Morris, from the
British Chambers of Commerce, said the research was flawed.
―There are limitations to the results. The researchers only used
nine occupations, and I am not sure that the number of replies
they received is a representative sample. We are concerned that
the results will allow people to say that most employers are
racist, whereas they prove no such thing.‖
Morris also questioned whether the government should be
involved in using an operation to uncover racism in the middle of
a recession and whether it was worth the money. ―Business is
struggling with the worst recession for a generation. Is this really
the time to be wasting government resources and the time of
hard-pressed companies with fake CVs?‖ she asked [1].
Ex. A. Answer the questions. Compare your the
answers with the partner.
1. How many false identities did the British government
employees create for the operation?
2. In which ways were the identities similar; in which ways
were they different?
3. How did the responses the false applicants receive differ?
4. What is the British Employment Minister considering
doing as a result of the operation?
38
5. In the article find examples of public sector jobs and
Noun
Verb
1)
apply
2)
qualify
3)
respond
4)
invite
5)
limit
6) submission
7)
graduate
8) occupation
9) creation
10)
discriminate
private sector jobs.
6. What do Iqbal Wahhab, Peter Luff, and Abigail Morris say
about the operation?
Ex. B. Complete the table with the words from the
article.
Ex. C. Project work.
1. Do you know anyone who has experienced racial
discrimination?
2. What other kinds of discrimination can you think of?
3. Apart from when applying for a job, in what other
situations are people likely to encounter discrimination (in your
country or in other countries you have visited)?
4. Web quest: look up the poem ‗And you calling me
coloured?‘ on the Internet and answer the questions below:
a) What is it about?
b) What do the colours signify?
c) Who wrote it and why?
39
Task 6. Read the text and answer the following
questions.
1. When you attend a job interview, is it always important to
be well-dressed?
2. Have you ever had a job interview? What have you worn?
3. How should we behave during the interview? Make a list
of things you should do during the interview and the
things you shouldn‘t do.
The job interview
When a job opening is advertised in the United States, there
are often a lot of people interested in applying. Many job hunters
send in their resumes and apply for the same position.
Sometimes a company will receive hundreds of resumes for a
single job opening. The job interview, therefore, is very
important. In the interview, an applicant must demonstrate that
he or she is the best person for the job.
Because job interviews are so critical, some job hunters read
books or take courses to help them make a good first impression.
These books and courses are full of advice and suggestions to
help job applicants prepare for their interviews. For example,
successful applicants dress appropriately and have a clean and
neat appearance. They take their resume or a sheet of paper
listing their education and work experience with them to the
interview. They also prepare a list of questions about the job or
the company. They go to the interview and are always on time.
At the beginning of the interview, the applicant shakes
hands firmly with the employer. The employer usually invites the
applicant to sit down. During the interview, it is appropriate to
smile often and to look directly into the eyes of the interviewer.
The applicant doesn‘t chew gum or smoke during the interview.
The applicant is prepared to answer questions about education
and previous jobs. More difficult questions are possible, such as:
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