Proteins and peptides, the building blocks of life have been implicated in various cel­lular functions such as gene expression, regulation, enzymatic activity, signal trans­duction, cell apoptosis, immunity, etc. They have also been known to take part in a myriad of diseases like cancer, hypertension, metabolic disorders, and neurological disorders to name a few. As a result, they form an indispensable part of the therapeutic regimen to counteract those disorders. Owing to their specic physiological proper­ties, proteins and peptides held a special place in the biopharmaceutical market ren­dering them one of the most effective drug deliveries (Jain etal. 2013). Therapeutic peptides usually consist of amino acids of molecular weight ranging from 500–5000Da, which have been arranged in a specic order (Henninot etal. 2018; Wang et al. 2022). The synthesis of insulin in 1921 paved the way for the further development of peptides, which culminated in the approval of more than 80 therapeu­tic peptides globally. With the advancement of protein purication and synthesis, structural elucidation, genetic sequencing, and biotechnological tools, peptide devel­opment has taken a giant stride from the 1950s to the 1990s. During this period, apart from natural peptides, synthetic vasopressin, oxytocin, and estrogen have emerged. With the arrival of the twenty-rst century, peptide drug development ushered into a new phase with rapid progress in structural biology, recombinant biologics, and new synthetic and analytic tools considerably speeding up the process. Since 2000, 33 non-insulin peptide medicines have been authorized globally (Wang etal. 2022).