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5 Surviving the Storm: How Candida Species Master Adaptation…
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155
Molecular Cues andMechanisms
ofPathogenesis inCandida
SomnathSahoo andKongaraHanumanthaRao
Abstract
In the clinical context, Candida albicans is the most often encountered fungal
pathogen in humans. Numerous elements are considered to be crucial for the
pathophysiology of Candida species. The main pathogenic factors of Candida
species include intricate transcriptional circuits, tissue-damaging extracellular
hydrolytic enzymes, metabolic exibility, adaptation to environmental pH uc-
tuations, biolm formation, resilient acquisition of nutrients systems, adherence
and invasions (through adhesins and invasins), stress response (oxidative,
osmotic, and temperature), genome plasticity, avoiding phagocytosis, escape
from the defenses of the host, harmonious coaggregation with resident microbi-
ota, resistance to common antifungal agents, etc. Through an analysis of the
pathogenic determinants of Candida species, this chapter explains some of the
fundamental elements and mechanisms involved in Candida pathogenesis.
Additionally, we included an illustration of the Candida pathogenesis network,
which connects important key factors that inuence its pathogenesis. With con-
tinued efforts in our comprehension and understanding of the processes behind
Candida pathogenesis, it will be possible to develop novel antifungal medica-
tions and more effective treatment strategies for the control of candidiasis.
6
Keywords
Candida albicans · Pathogenesis · Candidiasis · Metabolic exibility ·
Morphological switching · Phenotypic switching · Stress
S. Sahoo · K. H. Rao (*)
Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be
University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte
Ltd. 2024
S. Hameed, P. Vijayaraghavan (eds.), Recent Advances in Human Fungal
Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4909-6_6
157