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Brief Contents
Preface vii
User’s Guide xi
Reviewers xv
Acknowledgments xvii
CHAPTER 1: Welcome to the World of Massage Therapy! 1
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Professionalism 30
CHAPTER 3: Body Systems 55
CHAPTER 4: Kinesiology and Biomechanics 146
CHAPTER 5: Pathology and Pharmacology 226
CHAPTER 6: Communication and Documentation 253
CHAPTER 7: Assessment 295
CHAPTER 8: Treatment Plan 326
CHAPTER 9: Massage Strokes and Flow 349
CHAPTER 10: Therapeutic Applications 419
CHAPTER 11: Complementary Modalities 466
CHAPTER 12: Special Populations 515
CHAPTER 13: Professional Massage Practice 535
Glossary 589
Index 595
xix
Contents
Preface vii
User’s Guide xi
Reviewers xv
Acknowledgments xvii
CHAPTER 1: Welcome to the World
of Massage Therapy! 1
History of Massage 2
Ancient River ValleyCivilizations
(7000–1000
Ancient Greece
(750
BCE–500 CE) 6
Ancient Rome
(750
BCE–500 CE) 7
The Middle Ages
(400–1400) 8
The Renaissance (1450–1600) 9
The 18th Century 11
The 19th Century 11
The 20th Century 14
Contemporary Massage Therapy 14
Massage and Bodywork Modalities 14
Swedish Modalities 16
Deep Tissue Modalities 16
Neuromuscular Modalities 17
Circulatory Enhancement Modalities 17
Energy Modalities 17
Oriental/Eastern Modalities 18
Structural and Postural Integration
Modalities 18
Movement Modalities 18
Special Populations 18
Touch 19
Touch Physiology 19
Massage Research 19
Interpretation of Touch 22
BCE) 3
Massage as Part of the American Healthcare
System 22
Integrative Medicine Centers 22
Oncology Massage 23
Massage in the Spa Industry 23
History of the Spa Industry 24
Medical Spas 24
Spa Massage Education 24
Trends in Massage Education 26
Chapter Summary 26
Chapter Exercises 27
CHAPTER 2: Ethics and Professionalism 30
Characteristics of a Profession 31
Education 31
Body of Knowledge 32
Scope of Practice 32
Code of Ethics 33
Standards of Practice 34
Scope of Practice 37
Legal Regulations 37
Education 38
Competency 38
Limits of Practice 40
Ethics 40
Accountability 41
Ethics for the Profession 41
Professionalism 43
Conduct 43
Business Practices 44
Legal Requirements and Ethical
Responsibilities 44
Professional Associations 49
xxi
xxii Contents
Relationships 50
Physical Boundaries 50
Conceptual Boundaries 50
Client Relationships 52
Professional Relationships 53
Chapter Summary 53
Chapter Exercises 54
CHAPTER 3: Body Systems 55
Terms for Structure and Function 56
Anatomy 57
Physiology 57
Cells and Tissues 58
Cellular Functions 58
Components of
the Cell 59
Tissues 63
Tissue Membranes 74
The 12 Body Systems 76
Integumentary System 76
Skeletal System 82
Muscular System 96
Nervous System 104
Cardiovascular System 119
Lymphatic System 125
Respiratory System 127
Digestive System 130
Urinary System 133
Endocrine System 135
Reproductive System 137
Special Senses 142
Chapter Summary 143
Chapter Exercises 144
CHAPTER 4: Kinesiology and
Biomechanics 146
Anatomical Terminology 147
Kinesiology 152
Arthrology 152
Range of Motion 156
Myology: The Study of Muscles 156
Body Movements 162
Biomechanics 168
Components of Good Body Mechanics 169
Body Awareness 175
Improper Body Mechanics 176
Chapter Summary 177
Chapter Exercises 225
CHAPTER 5: Pathology and Pharmacology 226
Pathology 227
Pharmacology 227
Pathology, Pharmacology, and Massage 230
Abnormal Conditions of Cells and Tissues 230
Integumentary (Skin) Conditions 231
Skeletal System Conditions 233
Muscular System Conditions 236
Nervous System Conditions 240
Cardiovascular System Conditions 243
Lymphatic and Immune System Conditions 245
Respiratory System Conditions 246
Digestive System Conditions 248
Endocrine System Conditions 248
Reproductive System Conditions 250
Conditions of the Special Senses 251
Chapter Summary 251
Chapter Exercises 251
CHAPTER 6: Communication and
Documentation 253
Medical Terminology 254
Word Elements 255
Translating Terms 261
Spelling and Pronunciation 261
Communication 261
Effective Communication and Interviewing
Skills 263
Documentation 268
SOAP 270
Subjective Information 270
Objective Information 274
Contents xxiii
Activity and Analysis Information 276
Plan Information 277
Putting the SOAP Together 278
Progressive Case Study 1: Rob Blackwell 283
Progressive Case Study 2: Timothy Roberts 284
Progressive Case Study 3: Kirsten Van Marter 284
Chapter Summary 284
Chapter Exercises 293
CHAPTER 7: Assessment 295
General Assessments 296
Wellness versus Therapeutic Massage
Assessments 296
Fascia 297
Compensation Patterns 297
Assessment Documentation 301
Postural Assessment 302
Ideal Posture 304
Anterior Postural Assessment 305
Posterior Postural Assessment 305
Lateral Postural Assessment 305
Postural Deviations 306
Feet 308
Gait Assessment 308
Range of Motion Assessment 309
Active Range of Motion 310
Passive Range of Motion 311
CHAPTER 8: Treatment Plan 326
Planning Process 327
Initial Session 327
Subsequent Sessions 328
Future Treatment 329
Healing Time 329
Duration of Future Sessions 330
Frequency of Future Sessions 330
Length of Treatment 330
Techniques and Areas to Include or Avoid 331
Reevaluation 331
Self-Care Recommendations 331
Considerations for Self-Care 332
Hydrotherapy 332
Stretches 333
Rest 334
Nutrition 335
Body Awareness 335
Ergonomics 335
Referral to Other Healthcare Professionals 336
Follow-up Communication 336
Presenting the Treatment Plan 342
Treatment Recommendations 342
Progressive Case Study 1: Rob Blackwell 342
Progressive Case Study 2: Timothy Roberts 343
Progressive Case Study 3: Kirsten Van Marter 343
Chapter Summary 347
Appearance of Tissues 313
Palpation Assessment 313
Assessment of Skin Temperature 314
Textures and Movement of Soft Tissues 314
Rhythms 314
Functional Assessments 315
Posttreatment Assessment 316
Progressive Case Study 1:
Progressive Case Study 2: Timothy Roberts 317
Progressive Case Study 3: Kirsten Van Marter 317
Chapter Summary 318
Chapter Exercises 324
Rob Blackwell 316
Chapter Exercises 347
CHAPTER 9: Massage Strokes and Flow 349
Client Positioning 350
Supine Position 351
Prone Position 352
Side-Lying (Laterally Recumbent) Position 353
Determining Client Positioning and
Bolstering 354
Draping 354
Sheet Draping 355
Towel Draping 355
Communication for Client Positioning and
Draping 359
xxiv Contents
Assisting Clients on and off the Table 360
General Effects of Massage 365
Components of a Massage Stroke 369
Stationary Massage Strokes 369
Grounding 369
Centering 370
Resting Stroke 371
Basic Massage Strokes 371
Compression 372
Effleurage 373
Petrissage 376
Tapotement 378
Friction 380
Vibration 381
Joint Movement 382
Endangerment Sites 383
Flow 385
Flow Sequences for Different Client
Positions 385
Pain 423
Pain–Spasm Cycle 423
Principles of Therapeutic Techniques 424
Fascia 425
Direction of Ease 425
Lengthening and Stretching 426
Circulatory Enhancement 426
Arterial Enhancement 427
Venous Enhancement 427
Lymph Drainage 428
Neuromuscular Techniques 439
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Techniques 439
Myofascial Techniques 449
Trigger Point Techniques 455
Chapter Summary 457
Chapter Exercises 460
CHAPTER 11: Complementary Modalities 466
Sample Flow Sequences for Specific Areas 397
Supine: Chest, Neck, and Head 397
Supine: Arm 400
Supine: Abdomen 400
Supine: Leg and Foot 403
Prone: Back 404
Prone: Leg and Foot 404
Closing Sequence 404
Chair Massage 405
Safety and Sanitation for Chair Massage 406
Corporate Chair Accounts 413
Indications and Contraindications for Chair
Massage 413
Chapter Summary 413
Chapter Exercises 416
CHAPTER 10: Therapeutic Applications 419
Mechanisms of Injury and Tissue Repair 420
Healing: Phase I 421
Healing: Phase II 422
Healing: Phase III 422
Hydrotherapy 467
Effects of Hydrotherapy 468
Applications of Hydrotherapy 471
Medication and Hydrotherapy 481
Asian Bodywork Therapy 481
The Asian Bodywork Therapy Profession 481
Chinese Medicine 482
Principles of Treatment 489
Self-Care 494
Ayurvedic Healthcare 496
Five Elements 497
Doshas 497
Energy and Chakras 498
Reflexology 500
Incorporating Reflexology into a Massage
Session 501
Indications and Contraindications for
Reflexology 501
Polarity Therapy 511
Chapter Summary 513
Chapter Exercises 513
Contents xxv
CHAPTER 12: Special Populations 515
Athletes 516
Event Sports Massage 517
Restorative Massage 521
Maintenance Massage 523
Treatment Massage 524
Common Athletic Injuries 525
Self-Care for the Athlete 525
Pregnant Women 525
First Trimester 526
Second Trimester 526
Third Trimester 527
Considerations for Pregnancy (Prenatal)
Massage 527
Postpartum Massage 528
Infants 528
Infant Massage 529
Geriatric Clients 529
Geriatric Massage 529
Chronically Ill Patients 531
Hospice Massage 531
Disabled Clients 531
Visually or Hearing Impaired 531
Physical Disabilities 532
Paralysis 532
Amputation 532
Psychological Issues 533
Chapter Summary 533
Chapter Exercises 533
Lubricants 545
Oils 546
Lotions, Creams, Gels 546
Powders 546
Lubricant Storage 546
Application of Lubricants 547
Hygiene and Sanitation 547
Disease 548
Preventing Transmission of Pathogens 550
Cleaning and Sanitizing Procedures 553
Safety 555
Fire Safety 555
Primary Assessment in an Emergency
Situation 555
Artificial Respiration 556
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 556
Choking 556
Weather-Related Conditions 557
Becoming a Professional
Massage Therapist 558
Professional Concepts 558
Employment and Business Options 560
Business Start-up 563
Choosing a Place of Business 568
Advisors and Mentors 572
Finances 572
Marketing and Promotion 575
Networking—The Importance of Building
Relationships 577
Long-term Business Development 578
Self-Care 580
Chapter Summary 585
CHAPTER 13: Professional Massage
Practice 535
Equipment 536
Equipment Specifications 536
Tables 537
Massage Chairs 543
Massage Mats 544
Bolsters 544
Massage Tools 544
Chapter Exercises 585
Glossary 589
Index 595
Plantar Fasciitis in Brief 231
Acne Vulgaris in Brief 232
Scar Tissue in Brief 232
Fungal Infections in Brief 233
Postural Deviations in Brief 233
Sprains in Brief 235
Osteoarthritis in Brief 235
Spasms, Cramps in Brief 237
Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Brief 237
Fibromyalgia in Brief 238
Strains in Brief 239
Tendinopathies in Brief 240
Headaches in Brief 242
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Brief 243
Varicose Veins in Brief 244
Hypertension in Brief 245
Edema in Brief 245
Fever in Brief 246
Common Cold in Brief 246
Sinusitis in Brief 247
Asthma in Brief 247
Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Brief 248
Peptic Ulcers in Brief 248
Diabetes Mellitus in Brief 249
Breast Cancer in Brief 249
Prostate Cancer in Brief 250
Pathology in Brief
xxvii
