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Ординатура / Хирургия / @xirurgi_2025 / @xirurgi_2025 - 1407 - файл

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   
       ­   ?
      .
      –   .
,     ,  ­      ,  ,            3-5-7-10      ­ .        .         ,    ­  ,    ­        99%      .
       .
       ?  ,    ,      ,   ­    ,    ­    ?
   ,   ,  ­     .
     ­       ­  -   ­     ;     ­,      .
10
     
 1.
 1.      
   -
1    (Pars ascendens aortae; Aorta ascendens, .)    ,   ­   ,  –  ­ ,    ­ .        (Bulbus aortae, .),        (Sinus aortae, . ).   ­     (Crista supravalvularis, .).   (Valva aortae, .)   ­ – ,    (valvula semilunaris dextra, sinistra, posterior, .),    (noduli valvarium semilunarium, .),  (Lunulae valvularum semilunarium, .)   (Commissurae valvularum semilunarium, .) [89].
 ,     -
  ,           ­  ,     ­             ()    [89, 158, 244].
 ,      -
        ,      ­   (American Heart Association/ American College of Cardiology),    ­     -­  (European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery) [84, 123, 192, 268, 269]. ,  ,   ,   ­ (ascending aorta, .)   ,  -
1
     1998      (International Federation of Associations of Anatomists) [89].
11
   
      .           – « »     .
    /­    . , ­   ,      .
* * *
 –      ­.          .            ,   [26, 45].
       ( 1).     . ­,          «    ». ­         .   , ­    , ­        ­ [6, 26, 42, 87, 158].
 1.  ­  
1 –   2 –  -

3 –  
  
4 –   -
  
12
  ­  ­   .   ­    ,  – ­  [6, 24, 125].
     
 1.
  –  ,  ­     .       .      «  », , ,    ( 2) [24, 27, 31, 207].
       «»    ,          ( 2).      ­ -  [24, 27, 207].
 2.   «»  ,      ­  (1);     (2).
         ( 2, 3, 4) [25, 125, 130, 147, 158, 207, 244, 256]:
• три полулунных линии прикрепления створок АК к стенке
  (  ) –    ­    «» ;
• три комиссуры АК – точки слияния двух соседних полулун­    ;
• синотубулярный гребень – чётко визуально дифференци­ ,       ;
13
   
• подкомиссуральные треугольники (пространства Генле
[11]) – ,    ­      ,   –  ;
• вентрикуло-аортальное соединение – анатомически детер­     ­   ;
• три синуса аорты – расширения стенки корня аорты, соот­         (   ­      Antonio Maria Valsalva –  [11]);
• три створки АК.
14
 3.     
1 –     2 –     3 –   4 –    5 –  -  6 –     7 – - 
        ,     ­  .    -
     
 1.
    ,  « ­».  ,           «»     [12, 24, 158].
   
   .   -   ­ ,      ­   ,         .  ,          (- )  ,    –      , ,  ­          ( 3, 4) [138, 256, 288].
 4.  – , ­    .  ­  .
    
       (­ ).
1 –     2 –  -  3 –   4 –     5 –     6 –   ( )
15
16
   
      ­     (  ­            ):
• подкомиссуральный треугольник между левым коронар­      ­-  [138, 256, 288];
• подкомиссуральный треугольник между некоронарным и
    ­    ­ .      ­  ,     –    [138, 256, 288].
     ­ –    .  ­  «» ( ),             [25, 138, 158, 207, 256, 288].
  –    , ­  .      . -,     ­,      ­    ,        . -,     ,        ­,    ,       .  ,  ­   ,  ­ ,           ,        .       ,        ,    ,     ,       [62, 77, 147].
       ,  [6, 52, 62, 77, 147, 220, 267]:
• проведение крови из полости левого желудочка в полость
;
     
 1.
• придание току крови ламинарного характера;
• динамическая минимизация сопротивления току крови
(        ­,      ­ );
• оптимизация коронарной перфузии;
• образование «затвора» между полостью левого желудочка
  ;
• формирование каркаса для створок АК;
• подавление избыточного давления и редукция напряжения
 ,          ;
• ограничение контакта створок АК со стенкой аорты во вре-
   .
  «» ,  -
,  ,   ­ ,           ,        .   ­            ­    ,   ,           .     ­        ­        [6, 52, 62, 77, 147, 220, 267].
  –      -
,           .     ,     «» ­ ,  ,  –   ­     ,    [130, 148, 157].
* * *
      -
     [108, 158, 176, 178, 241, 263].
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18
   
«Кольцо» АК ( )         ­       .      «»      .         :   ­ – ,    –  ­ .  «»   ,     [45, 176, 179, 236].
,   «» ,   ,     ,  .         .       ,     ,   .          ­.    «»   ­         [205, 236].
Подкомиссуральные треугольники  ­     .       .           ­   .  ­      ­           ,   ,     ­ .  ,    ­   ,    . ­         ,   ,    ,     ­.              ,     [25, 27, 256, 288].
ó       ,    ,    ,   
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  –  ,   .   «»       ,    ­- :  , ­ ,    II  III,   ­.  –     –       .    vasa vasorum,    ­ I .     ­ .             ­      ­.        ,      .     ­ .     ­ ,       « »,              [178].
Синотубулярное соединение     -
 ,    ,   ó ­              ,          [24, 178].
Створки АК      -
.       .        ­    : lamina ventricularis, lamina radialis, lamina spongiosa, lamina brosa  lamina arterialis [108].          ­ .       ,     .               [178, 241, 271]. Lamina arterialis       ,   ­  ,    -
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