Психология профессионального общения оперативных сотрудников полиции с гражданами. Учебное пособие для студентов вузов

Ctdrdt KltYt, ktgiqdqoo^T itkkrTkerT btfrPqTkerT ctfSqo lneSq gtXcqiSrgnl\k_ tl:

eaiqor_ ln[nen g t[Oqklgqoo^V dqklnV, t[inXtgnlqf\o^V r ro^V Ytkacniklgqoo^V aZiqScqor_V, gt giqd_ oqkqor_ kfaS[^, n lneSq on Vtca r g cgrSqorr;

aZnklr_ g nXnilo^V rYinV, btkqOqor_ enXrot r ciaYrV rYtio^V XngqcqorT;

[qkbti_ctZo^V btftg^V kg_XqT;

tlotLqorTrktdorlqf\o^Vkg_XqTkfQc\dr, rdqQOrdrtlirPnlqf\- oaQ t[OqklgqooaQ iqbalnPrQ, eirdronf\otq bitLftq r onklt_Oqq. 6tliacorectfSqobtdorl\, Zltndtinf\otqbtgqcqorq, oqinX[tiZr-

gtkl\ r oqZrkltbftlotkl\ g frZo^V kg_X_V, tlkalklgrq ong^etg kndtcrkPrbfro^ r inkbaOqootkl\, [tflfrgtkl\ r oqkt[inootkl\ onotk_l oqbtbingrd^T aOqi[ iqbalnPrr r ngltirlqla tiYnotg goaliqoorV cqf.

Cirg^btfoqorretolitf\ot-bitgqitZo^VNaoePrTgVtcqrokbqelr- itgnor_, etolitf\o^V bitgqite, Pqfqg^V g^qXctg g tiYno^, btcinXcqfqor_, aZiqScqor_krklqd^;I81tkkrrktliacoreabiqcbrknotgtXcqiSrgnl\k_tlXnkltfrT, oqctbaklrd^VXonetggordnor_, Xnganfritgnoo^VgX_lte g Ntidq btcnietg rfr btcotLqorT, biqcfnYnqd^V g Vtcq bitgqier.

8f_ktliacorenoqctbaklrd^btkbqLotkl\gbiro_lrriqLqorT, biqoq[iqSqorq bitPqkkanf\o^dr r dtinf\o^dr otidndr, rkbtf\Xtgnorq kiqcklg, oq kttlgqlklgaQOrV liq[tgnor_d Xneton, oingklgqoo^d biroPrbnd r otidnd.

/qctbaklrd^lneSqbitgtenPrtoo^qcqTklgr_, kg_Xnoo^qkbtckliqenlqf\klgtd, keftoqorqd, bt[aScqorqdgbi_dtTrfretkgqootTNtidqe ktgqiLqorQbingtoniaLqorT; inXYfnLqorqNneltgrt[klt_lqf\klgZnklotT SrXor, klngLrV rXgqklo^dr g Vtcq kfqcklgqoo^V cqTklgrT.

I kttlgqlklgrr k )tcqektd ktliacore, oniaLnQOrT biroPrb^ r otid^ bitNqkkrtonf\otT Klrer, «alinZrgnql ct[itq rd_ r Zqkl\, crkeiqcrlriaql kgtq btcinXcqfqorq r tiYno^ goaliqoorV cqf, frLnqlk_ dtinf\otYt bingn on agnSqorq, btccqiSea r ctgqirq kt kltito^ YinScno, etffqY r ktkfaSrgPqg».

6tYfnkot kl. 3 cnootYt cteadqoln Xn oniaLqorq aklnotgfqoo^V )t- cqektd bitNqkkrtonf\ot-KlrZqkerV biroPrbtg r otid ktliacore «oqkql dtinf\oaQ tlgqlklgqootkl\ bqiqc t[Oqklgtd, kfaSq[o^d etffqelrgtd r kgtqT ktgqkl\Q».

/ni_ca k dtinf\otT tlgqlklgqootkl\Q btfrPqTkerT, ctbaklrgLrT oniaLqorq bitNqkkrtonf\ot-KlrZqkerV biroPrbtg, otid r ktgqiLrgLrT g kg_Xr k Klrd bingtoniaLqorq rfr crkPrbfronio^T bitklabte, oqkql crkPrbfronioaQ tlgqlklgqootkl\.

I Znklotklr, bt rltYnd inkkdtliqor_ gtbitkn t oniaLqorr bit- Nqkkrtonf\ot-KlrZqkerV biroPrbtg r otid ktliacorea dtSql [^l\ g^- oqkqot t[Oqklgqootq biqcabiqScqorq rfr t[Oqklgqootq btirPnorq.

51

klt_lqf\otgqfrkq[_KlrZot. Ioqetlti^VYtitcnVetiiadbritgnoo^qZrotgorer Xnklngf_Ql btfrPqTkerV btei^gnl\ biqklaboaQ cq_lqf\otkl\ rfr kt[rinl\cf_orVcqo\Yr… @conrXbit[fqdXnefQZnqlk_gltd, ZltKlren— bto_lrqkftSotq. /qf\X_[inl\gX_leraonietltiYtgPqgrfrlqiitirkltg, ronketf\etbingtdqiotbirordnl\[qkbfnlotqaYtOqorqtlgfncqf\Pniqkltinon, etlti^T, ltSq oq[qketi^klot, VtZql, Zlt[^ g^ klnfr Znkl^d Ytklqd? !lr gtbitk^ oqt[Vtcrdt lOnlqf\ot bitcadnl\».

It gkqV eiabo^V btfrPqTkerV cqbnilndqolnV 6 + cqTklgaQl [Qit kfaSq[o^VinkkfqctgnorT, etlti^qbirordnQlrinkkdnlirgnQlSnft[^ on btgqcqorq btfrPrr. I oqetlti^V YtitcnV XncnZa t[qkbqZqor_ KlrZqkerV klnocniltg [qiql on kq[_ YinScnokerT etdrlql bt inkkdtliqorQ Snft[, g etlti^T gVtc_l oq Llnlo^q ktliacorer, n YinScnoq. 6iqcr btfrPqTkerV Kln rcq_ g^X^gnql kbti^»1.

)ne brLql 8S. rfkto, «goqLorq kfqcklgqoo^q etdrkkrr, [Qit kfaSq[o^V inkkfqctgnorT r eirlrZqkerq dnlqirnf^ g YnXqlnV — gkq Klt dtSql[^l\btfqXo^d, otbtcfrootqiqLqorqbit[fqd^liq[aqlkttlgqlklgaQOqYt on[tin, t[aZqor_ r oncXtin Xn btfrPqTkerdr encindr».

bit[fqd^gtkbrlnor_dtinf\ot-oingklgqoo^VenZqklgbtfrPqTkerV oql bitkl^V iqLqorT. /qt[Vtcrd bitcadnoo^T etdbfqeko^T btcVtc g nkbqelq krklqdotYt gtkbrlnor_ r t[aZqor_ [acaOrV btfrPqTkerV Klreq t[Oqor_ k YinScnondr. !lt oqt[Vtcrdt oq ltf\et tbqinlrgo^d btcinXcqfqor_d, ot r on gkqV onbingfqor_V bitNqkkrtonf\otT cq_lqf\otklr ktliacoretg btfrPrr.

Citgqcqoo^T g Yf. 1 nonfrX lqtiqlrZqketT kltito^ bit[fqd^ etddaorenlrgotYt t[Oqor_ ktliacoretg btfrPrr k YinScnondr btXgtf_ql kcqfnl\ kfqcaQOrq g^gtc^.

1.6tliacore @I8 g bitNqkkrtonf\otT cq_lqf\otklr t[Onqlk_ k inXfrZo^dr enlqYtir_dr YinScno r btKltda ctfSqo adql\ btc[rinl\ kttlgqlklgaQOrq cnootT enlqYtirr YinScno dqltc^ r birqd^ t[Oqor_. !lt dtYal [^l\ nbbqf_Pr_, a[qScqorq, goaLqorq, roNtidritgnorq, ft[tg^q dqltc^, ktXcnorq t[klnotger, cqdtoklinPr_ bqikbqelrg r ci.

2.tidritgnorq etddaorenlrgo^V enZqklg _gf_qlk_ onr[tfqq gnS- o^d Kfqdqoltd g kliaelaiq bitNqkkrtonf\otYt dnklqiklgn ktliacoretg @I8. 6faSq[on_ cq_lqf\otkl\ ktliacoretg @I8 oqd^kfrdn [qX etddaorenlrgo^V kg_XqT. @[Oqorq rkbtfo_ql itf\ iqYaf_ltin gXnrdttlotLqorT dqSca ktliacorendr r YinScnondr. @cotT rX gnSoqTLrV bkrVtftYrZqkerV tkt[qootklqT t[Oqor_ g @I8 _gf_qlk_ qYt bitNqkkrtonf\on_ onbingfqootkl\, kg_Xnoon_ k oqt[Vtcrdtkl\Q aklnotgfqor_ frP, ktgqiLrgLrV biqklabfqor_, kgrcqlqfqT, btlqibqgLrV r l.c. !lr bnindqli^

1 URL://http://www.http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/russian/publication/2011/07/20110726121232x0.7906545.html#axzz1gaYVTC3T; URL://http://www.iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/russian/publication/2011/07/20110726121232x0.7906545.html#ixzz1gaYh8Eni.

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iqYfndqolritgno^ otidnlrgo^dr bingtg^dr cteadqolndr, l.q. kaOqklgaql tbiqcqfqoon_ Xncnootkl\ bnindqlitg t[Oqor_.

3.6tliacore@I8t[Onqlk_ktZqo\inXotitco^drenlqYtir_drYinScno, btKltda ctfSqo gfncql\ r goqLordr oqgqi[nf\o^dr nlir[alndr t[- Oqor_: af^[Zrgtkl\Q, cgrSqor_drincaLr_rbirgqlfrgtklr, inkbtfnYnQOrdr e tleitgqootklr. @[fncnl\, biqScq gkqYt, kgtrd btcVtctd, gordnorqd e kt[qkqcorea, adqorqd lnelrZot Xncnl\ gtbitk, n Xnlqd aSq tlin[t- lnoo^dr Pqfqitfqg^dr r frZotklot-itfqg^dr birqdndr.

4.X^e fnYqiotYt SniYton r oqetlti^V Sqkltg, Vtl_ r tlotkrlk_ e [ni\qind t[Oqor_ r Lritet inkbitklinoqo g biqklabotT kiqcq, liq[aql tl ktliacoretg @I8 qYt btordnor_, n rotYcn r [qXabiqZotYt gfncqor_ g Pqf_V goqciqor_ g kiqca rfr biqtctfqor_ r grilatXotYt inX[rgnor_ KlrV [ni\qitg. onorq[ni\qitg t[Oqor_, adqorqiqNfqekritgnl\rrcqolrNrPritgnl\ _gf_Qlk_ XnftYtd akbqLotklr g krlanPr_V etokbrinlrgotklr roNtidnPrrrXnliacorlqf\otYtt[Oqor_: nYiqkkrgotklr, kei^lotklr, onfrZrr biqca[qScqor_ r oqctgqirr e frZotklr ktliacoretg @I8.

5.InSotT XncnZqT klnotgrlk_ btrke lqVotftYrT PqfqonbingfqootYt r bfnotdqiotYt Ntidritgnor_ etddaorenlrgo^V adqorT tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg. (dqoot g^kterT aitgqo\ inXgrlr_ etddaorenlrgo^V adqorT ktliacoren @I8 dtSql g^klabnl\ YninolrqT tbqinlrgotYt g^btfoqor_ rd kgtrV bitNqkkrtonf\o^V t[_XnootklqT g krlanPrr t[Oqor_ k inXfrZo^dr enlqYtir_dr YinScno.

6.8q_lqf\otkl\ etoNrcqoltg dtSql [^l\ lne Sq ktbi_Sqon k tbnkotkl\Q cf_ SrXor, ene r tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg, btKltda Xneto biqcakdnlirgnqlgtXdtSotklrktPrnf\otTXnOrl^kndrVroNtidnltitgrrV kqdqT. (X KltYt lneSq kfqcaql, Zlt tor, ene r tbqinlrgo^q ktliacorer, oaScnQlk_gt[aZqorrrinXgrlrraorVbkrVtftYrZqkergnSo^VenZqklg, oqt[Vtcrd^V cf_ akbqLotYt tkaOqklgfqor_ @1;.

7.@kt[qootklr t[Oqor_ tbqinlrgoretg r YinScno t[akftgfrgnQlk_ etokbrinlrgo^d Vninelqitd cq_lqf\otklr, iqYfndqolritgnootkl\Q Xnetotd r otidnlrgo^dr cteadqolndr r irketgnootkl\Q cqTklgrT, etlti^q VninelqirXaQlnNNqelrgot-etddaorenlrgoaQkltitoat[Oqor_. )tddaorenlrgo^q akbqVr ktliacoretg @I8 r YinScno Xngrk_l tl enZqklg frZotklr, rolqYiriaQOrVetddaorenlrgo^qktklngf_QOrq: « — etoPqbPrQ» gdqSfrZotklo^V tlotLqor_V, etddaorenlrgo^T etolitf\ r biro_lrq ciaYrV fQcqT, KdtPrtonf\o^q[ni\qi^; aitgoroqgqi[nf\otTetddaorenPrr, etddaorenlrgo^VadqorT, t[Orlqf\otklr. CtenXnlqfrKlrVktklngf_QOrVbtXgtf_Ql kacrl\ t ktgdqklrdtklr r ciaYrV etddaorenlrgo^V gtXdtSotkl_V kltito t[Oqor_. !lr tkt[qootklr bkrVtftYrr t[Oqor_ ktliacoretg btfrPrrrYinScnoaklnotgfqo^ondrgKekbqirdqolnf\otTZnklrcnootTin[tl^.

8.6aOqklgaQl dtinf\ot-KlrZqkerq otid^ r biroPrb^ t[Oqor_, liq- [aQOrq cnf\oqTLqT onaZotT inXin[tler; rV dtSot tloqklr e dtinf\otoingklgqootT kltitoq t[Oqor_.

54

fngn 2. ninelqirklren r Klnb^ bitgqcqor_ Kekbqirdqoln. I^[ti dqltctg rkkfqctgnor_

@[On_ bit[fqdn. /q gkqYcn r oq gqXcq dtSot kinXa onTlr bneql bitYindd bt bkrVtftYrZqketT crnYotklreq etddaorenlrgo^V enZqklg cf_ btfaZqor_ kei^gnqdtT roNtidnPrr bir inkkfqctgnorr, inkei^lrr r bitNrfnelreq biqklabfqorT r btdorl\ dqltctftYrZqkerq biroPrb^ rV btc[tin, cnoon_ Yfngn btdtSql ZnklrZot iqLrl\ Kla bit[fqda.

+ootlnPr_. IiqXaf\lnlqrXaZqor_Yfng^2 Zrlnlqf\[acqlrdql\biqcklngfqorqtdqltctftYrZqkerVbiroPrbnVrdqltcnVcrnYotklreretddaorenlrgo^V enZqklg frZotklr, oqt[Vtcrd^V cf_ btfaZqor_ kei^gnqdtT roNtidnPrr.

)fQZqg^q kftgn: dqltctftYrZqkerq btcVtc^ r biroPrb^, dqltcrer lqklritgnor_, Kekbqirdqol.

@kotgo^q g^gtc^ bt Yfngq 2

1.onorqdqltctftYrZqkerVbtcVtctgrbiroPrbtgbkrVtftYrZqketYt lqklritgnor_btdtYnqlbingrf\otbtct[inl\dqltcrercrnYotklreretddaorenlrgo^V enZqklg.

2.@biqcqfqorqon[tinetoeiqlo^Vdqltcre — tkotgn bitPqcai^ bt-

faZqor_ t["qelrgo^V dotYtkltitoorV cnoo^V t inXfrZo^V kltitonV etddaorenlrgotT kNqi^ bkrVrer rkkfqcaqdtT Yiabb^.

3.Cneql bingrf\ot btct[inoo^V dqltcre btXgtf_ql inXiqLrl\ inXott[inXo^T etdbfqek XncnZ.

CitNqkkrtonf\o^q etdbqlqoPrr(C) — g kttlgqlklgrr k qcqinf\- o^d Ytkacniklgqoo^d t[inXtgnlqf\o^d klnocniltd g^kLqYt bitNqkkrtonf\otYt t[inXtgnor_).

I iqXaf\lnlq rXaZqor_ Yfng^ 2 t[aZnQOrqk_ ctfSo^: Xonl\

onr[tfqq ctklabo^q bkrVtcrnYotklrZqkerq dqltcrer tbiqcqfqor_ kbtkt[otklqT e t[OqorQ cf_ rkbtf\Xtgnor_ on binelreq;

on[ti dqltcre bt g^_gfqorQ etddaorenlrgo^V gtXdtSotklqT t[- OnQOrVk_ kltito;

adql\

cqfnl\ g^gtc^ rX btfaZqoo^V, balqd birdqoqor_ bkrVtftYrZqkerV dqltcre, cnoo^V;

adql\ nonfrXritgnl\ iqXaf\lnl^ Kekbqirdqolnf\o^V cnoo^V bkrVtftYrZqketYt lqklritgnor_ YinScno r tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg

btfrPrron binelrZqkerVXno_lr_V gPqf_Vbirdqoqor_g cnf\oqTLqT cq_lqf\otklr;

gfncql\

tkotgo^dr dqltctftYrZqkerdr biroPrbndr rkbtf\Xtgnor_ bkrVtftYrZqkerV dqltctg crnYotklreretddaorenlrgo^Vkbtkt[otklqT;krklqdtT XonorT bt ktklngfqorQ bkrVtYindd^ ktliacoretg btfrPrr g Pqf_V KNNqelrgotYt t[Oqor_.

55

2.1. ;qltctftYrZqkerq biroPrb^ r tkotgo^q dqltcrer crnYotklrer

(kkfqctgnorq bitgtcrftk\ g 2004—2010 YY. on [nXq I8 bt Y. ;tkegq (Kekbqilo^T tbitk r lqklritgnorq tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg oqketf\erV @I8).

I t[OqT kftSotklr dqltctd kbftLotYt tl[tin rXaZqorQ btcgqiYfrk\300 Zqftgqe(ktliacoretginXfrZo^Vtbqinlrgo^V btcinXcqfqorT).

I rXaZqoo^T etolroYqol gtLfr frPn g gtXinklq tl 21 Ytcn ct 40 fql. I bitPqcaiq etoklnlriaQOqYt Kekbqirdqoln aZnklgtgnft 150 tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg r 150 YinScno, ktliacorZnQOrV bt etolinela,

(rdqQOrV klnS in[tl^ kg^Lq tcotYt Ytcn).

)toklnlriaQOrT Kekbqirdqol bitgtcrfk_ g cgn Klnbn: on bqigtd Klnbq tbiqcqf_frk\ bkrVtftYrZqkerq CI) aZnkloretg Kekbqirdqoln r t[On_ Vninelqirklren etddaorenlrgo^V enZqklg cgaV Yiabb k btdt- O\Q Zql^iqV lqkltg (CirftSqor_ 1—4); on gltitd Klnbq tbiqcqf_fk_ etdbfqek etddaorenlrgo^V adqorT, g ltd Zrkfq oqgqi[nf\o^V.

CkrVtftYrZqken_ Vninelqirklren YinScno (tkgqctdrlqfqT) g Xngrkrdtklr tl bitNqkkrtonf\otT bironcfqSotklr. (X rokliaePrr 1925 Y., enknQOqTk_ tkgqctdrlqfqT: «@kgqctdfqorq _gf_qlk_ Oabnf\Pqd ItfdrfrPrr1, bir btdtOr etltitYt ton dtSql kVgnlrl\ r aXonl\ gkq, Zlt, [acaZr biqklabo^d, qOq oq g^_grft kq[_ r tklnqlk_ bten kei^l^d tl eninlqf\- o^V tiYnotg 6tgqlketT gfnklr. @Zqo\ Sqfnlqf\o^ g enZqklgq tkgqctdrlqfqT: kfaSnOrq aZiqScqorT VtX_TklgqootYt Vninelqin, rV kqeiqlnir, cqftbitrXgtcrlqfr, dnLrorkler, kZqltgtc^, inXotko^q ltiYtgP^, enidnoo^qgti^. 8tdaLorer, ZqicnZorer, nNqirkl^, dtLqoorer, efQegqoorer, etoteinc^, gXftdOrer, kltbOrer r ciaYrq enlqYtirr biqklaboretg, dtYaOrq cnl\ Pqoo^q kgqcqor_, ggrca rV bironcfqSotklre biqklabotda dria»2.

(kVtc_ rX lnerV Vninelqirklre r bt tb^la in[tl^ g @I8 g onklt_Oqq giqd_:

1) bt kgtrd «bitNqkkrtonf\o^d» kgtTklgnd Klr YinScnoq Znklt oq oaScnQlk_ gt goqciqorr g aYtftgotq btcbtf\q r ro^q eirdronf\o^q t["qel^, lne ene _gf_Qlk_ rV oqtl"qdfqd^d Kfqdqoltd (Zfqondr biqklabotT Yiabb^, frPndr, btf\XaQOrdrk_ ctgqirqd biqklabotYt kt- t[Oqklgn rfr tlcqf\otYt biqklaboren). !lt ZnOq gkqYt frPn, rdqQOrq lqko^q enonf^ t[Oqor_ k biqcklngrlqf_dr biqklabotYt drin: gtcrlqfr lnekr, kfaSnOrq agqkqfrlqf\o^V aZiqScqorT, bitklrlaler, onietdno^, birkfaYn, dqcbqiktonf r l.b.;

1ItftklotT drfrPrr.

2;tVqf\ 1., 6nfron . 1nkkfqctgnor_ // ;tketgkerT etdktdtfqP. 2004. 3 ot_[. 6. 5.

56

2)rc_ on ktliacorZqklgt, tor cqTklgaQl bt inXo^d dtlrgnd: klinVn bqiqc btfrPrqT rfr ktt[Oorendr, bqiqc Xnetotd, bt eti^klo^d bt[aScqor_d — rX kliqdfqor_ aklinorl\ etoeaiqoltg, tltdklrl\ ktt[Oorend, tl[fnYtcnirl\ tbqinlrgoren Xn VtitLqq tlotLqorq e oqda g bitLftd rfr g [acaOqd r l.b. (Xiqcen gkliqZnQlk_ kiqcr orV frPn, etlti^q rdqQl rcqTo^q dtlrg^, «etlti^d Xn cqiSnga t[rcot». )ne tldqZnQl kndr tbqinlrgorer, g btkfqcoqq giqd_ Kln lqocqoPr_ tldqZnqlk_ kiqcr [^gLrV drfrPrtoqitg, etlti^q oq kdtYfr ncnblritgnl\k_ e otgtT bkrVtftYrr g «frVrq cqg_otkl^q»;

3)ggrca bironcfqSotklr YinScno e tbiqcqfqoo^d kft_d onkqfqor_ (nfetYtfrer, onietdno^, bitklrlaler) rV btgqcqorq [^gnql Znklt oqbiqckenXaqd^d, klqbqo\ abingf_qdtklr Xngrkrl tl Vninelqin bkrVtftYrZqketYt etolneln k tbqinlrgoretd, [^gnql, Zlt tbqinlrgorea kftSot onbingf_l\ r etolitfritgnl\ rV cq_lqf\otkl\;

4)Znklt Klr YinScnoq dtYal biqctklngf_l\ «k^iaQ» roNtidnPrQ, enZqklgt etltitT oqiqcet Xngrkrl tl dtlrgn, bt[acrgLqYt ktliacorZnl\ k tiYnondr goaliqoorV cqf, n lneSq tl oqNtidnf\otYt btftSqor_ g biqklabotd driq, klqbqor rV kt[klgqootYt aZnklr_ g bitlrgtbingotT cq_lqf\otklr;

5)[^gnql, Zlt roNtidnPr_ biqcondqiqoot rfr bt birZroq [qXtlgqlklgqootklr rkenSqon. I lnerV kfaZn_V, etoqZot, etoNrcqoPrnf\- otkl\ oq Yninolriaqlk_.

I klinonV nbncn g btfrPqTketT inXgqceq cnoo^q, VninelqirXaQOrq tkgqctdrlqf_, Vino_lk_ g tcotd rX Pqolinf\o^V ctk\q, kqeiqlotkl\ etltitYt t[qkbqZrgnqlk_ on 100%, lne ene Zrkft frP k bingtd ctklabn e Kltda [ftea roNtidnPrr klitYt tYinorZqoot [116, 134, 150]. I ctk\q on tkgqctdrlqf_ ktcqiSrlk_ kfqcaQOqq.

It-bqig^V, gk_ rXgqklon_ t oqd roNtidnPr_, g Znklotklr, kgqcqor_, btfaZqoo^qgiqXaf\lnlqrXaZqor_qYtfrZotklr, [rtYinNrZqkerqcnoo^q, itc Xno_lrT, tkt[qootklr Vninelqin, eiaY t[Oqor_, frZo^qctVtc^, bitltetf^ niqkltg, tlbqZnler bnf\Pqg, NtltYinNrr, etbrr onklt_OrV r g^- d^Lfqoo^V btcbrkqT r l.b.

It-glti^V, roNtidnPr_, kg_Xnoon_ k VninelqirklretT ktcqTklgr_ inkkfqctgnor_d, bitgtcrd^d k aZnklrqd tkgqctdrlqf_; giqd_ r dqkln etolneltg k ord; cnoo^q t[t gkqV cqoqSo^V tbqinPr_V k ord, gefQZn_ einletq tbrknorq cqf r lt, ene Klr kiqcklgn [^fr rkbtf\Xtgno^, ene bitrXgtcrfk_ bfnlqS.

I-liql\rV, rkVtc_rXgkqV cnoo^V, bitYotX oncqSotklrtkgqctdrlqf_. (XftSqoo^q btftSqor_ oqt[Vtcrdt Xonl\ r tlqZqklgqoo^d ene bkrVtftYa cf_ tbiqcqfqor_ bkrVtftYrZqkerV bitNqkkrtonf\ot gnSo^V enZqklg r rV inXgrlr_ a tbqinlrgoretg, lne r kndtda tbqinlrgotda ktliacorea@I8. @oronbingfqo^onlt, Zlt[^tbqinlrgorekliqdrfk_eXngtqgnorQ ctgqir_ YinScno, gordnlqf\ot tlotkrfk_ e birZrond, bt[a-

57

crgLrdqYtektliacorZqklga, rdnekrdnf\otrX[qYnfenerV-fr[tLnYtg, etlti^qdtYalbtdqLnl\btklabfqorQPqootTroNtidnPrr, rrXaZnftkt- [qootklr, VninelqirXaQOrqenecq_lqf\otkl\YinScno, lnerrVfrZotkl- o^q bkrVtftYrZqkerq tkt[qootklr. CtKltda bqigrZoaQ tXonetdrlqf\- oaQ [qkqca faZLq gqklr gcgtqd gdqklq k tb^lo^d ktliacoretd cf_ ktgdqklotYttbiqcqfqor_klqbqoroncqSotklr, bqikbqelrgotklrrPqootklr tkgqctdrlqf_. !lt tkotgon_ XncnZn tbqinlrgoren, tl iqLqor_ etltitT Xngrk_lakbqLotkl\tl[tinrKNNqelrgotkl\cnf\oqTLqYtktliacorZqklgn g Pqf_V inkkfqctgnor_ r inkei^lr_ inXfrZo^V biqklabfqorT.

gf_qlk_ fr Zqftgqe, ktliacorZnQOrT k tbqinlrgoretd, bitNqkkrtonftd g Kltd cqfq, — etoqZot, on cnootd Klnbq inXgrlr_ tbqinlrgot-in- X^keotT bkrVtftYrr gtbitk crkealn[qf\o^T. /t lqd oq dqoqq bt ftYreq gqOqTfrPn, cfrlqf\otqgiqd_ktliacorZnQOrqbtetolinela, aZnklgaQOrq g tbqinlrgotd goqciqorr r bitgqcqorr ciaYrV @1;, kg_Xnoo^V kt kftSo^drkbqPrnf\o^drtbqinPr_drrl.c., dtYalbiringorgnl\k_ebitNqkkrtonfnd. It gk_etd kfaZnq, lnetYt doqor_ bircqiSrgnqlk_ @. . )t- gnfqg [62].

I kg_Xr k Klrd gtXorenql oqt[Vtcrdtkl\ biqc"_gfqor_ e otkrlqf_d KltTcq_lqf\otklrtbiqcqfqoo^Vliq[tgnorTbirrVtl[tiqrinkklnotgeq bt oqetlti^d onbingfqor_d @1;. $nerd t[inXtd, cq_lqf\otkl\ tb^l- o^V YinScno, k ltZer Xiqor_ bkrVtftYn, ltSq dtSot biringo_l\ e bitNqkkrr, Vtl_dtlrgnPr_KltTcq_lqf\otklrZnkltenicronf\ottlfrZnqlk_ tl lnetgtT a tbqinlrgoren.

CtKltda cf_ ktklngfqor_ bkrVtYindd^ frP, ktliacorZnQOrV bt etolinela, biqcgnirlqf\ot [^fr rXaZqo^ tbqinlrgot-inX^keo^q dqitbir_lr_, tbiqcqfqoo^q netotd t[ @18, g bitgqcqorr etlti^V oni_ca k ktliacorendr aZnklgaQl r YinScnoq.

8nfqq ktklngfqon abitOqoon_ dtcqf\ cq_lqf\otklr (akqZqoon_ bitNqkkrtYinddn) g kttlgqlklgrr k @1;, tbiqcqfqoo^dr klnl\_dr neton «@[ tbqinlrgot-inX^keotT cq_lqf\otklr».

CkrVtYinddn — Klt i_c bkrVtftYrZqkerV bitNqkkrtonf\ot gnS- o^V enZqklg (CI)), oqt[Vtcrd^V cf_ tkaOqklgfqor_ ltYt rfr rotYt grcn cq_lqf\otklr, ktklngf_QOrV tkotga bitNqkkrtonfrXdn [101].

CkrVtYinddnktklngf_fnk\ontkotgqrXaZqor_tkt[qootklqTcq_lqf\- otklr gtt[Oq, akbqLotklr rfr [qXakbqLotklr g KltT cq_lqf\otklr tlcqf\o^V frP, nonfrXn iqXaf\lnltg cq_lqf\otklr, bitcaeltg lgtiZqklgn, rkbtf\Xtgnor_ dqltctg klnlrklrZqketYt nonfrXn, Kekbqilo^V tPqote, bkrVtcrnYotklrer ([qkqc^, lqklritgnor_, rolqig\Qritgnor_, noeqlritgnor_ r l.c.) r ci.

)tokbrinlrgo^T Vninelqi cq_lqf\otklr YinScno r ktliacoretg tbqinlrgo^V btcinXcqfqorT oq btXgtf_ql ond tbrknl\ btfotkl\Q KdbrirZqkerq cnoo^q rkkfqctgnor_ roNtidnltitg. CtKltda dnlqirnf^, rXftSqoo^q g onklt_OqT in[tlq, tkotgno^ on rXaZqorr qcqinf\otYt

58

Xneton t[ @18, tlqZqklgqootT r Xnia[qSotT tlei^ltT frlqinlai^ [55, 116, 119, 88, 95—101, 116, 119, 152, 157—177], Kekbqilo^V tPqote tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg r lqklritgnor_ YinScno r ktliacoretg @I8, etlti^q dtYal [^l\ tba[fretgno^ g tlei^ltT bqZnlr r oq ktcqiSnl kqeiqlo^V r 86C dnlqirnftg.

(X Zrkfn biqcgnirlqf\ot tbitLqoo^V tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg dtketgkerV btcinXcqfqorT tiYnotg goaliqoorV cqf, bitVtcrgLrV t[- aZqorq g I(C) in[tloretg ;I8 1tkkrr, 98% kZrlnQl, Zlt g onklt_Oqq giqd_ bkrVtftYrZqkerq r ciaYrq tkt[qootklr in[tl^ btfrPqTketT inXgqcer klino nbncn r 6 + otk_l ltZot lnetT Sq Vninelqi, Zlt r tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg g onLqT klinoq. ( liq[tgnor_, biqc"_gf_qd^q e nYqolnd r ktliacorend, a onk r a orV btfotkl\Q ktgbncnQl, Xn rkefQZqorqd orXetYt dnlqirnf\otYt t[qkbqZqor_ r [tf\LqT Xnei^ltklr cq_lqf\otklr onLrV ktliacoretg. CkrVtftYrZqketq ktklt_orq onLrV kqeiqlo^V ktliacoretg (k rV kftg) oaScnqlk_ g birklnf\otd rXaZqorrr bkrVtftYrZqketd ktbitgtScqorr, ktgbncn_ k btftSqorqd cqf, aenXnoo^d g in[tlnV )qgron 8S. ngn, 8SqTdkn . $tfkdn, Kir )naNdnon, in[t- lnQOrV g tlcqfq onaer t btgqcqorr r tlcqfqorr eirdronf\o^V inkkfqctgnorT ;rZrYnoketYt cqbnilndqoln btfrPrr.

$nerd t[inXtd, biqcbtk^fendr cf_ ktklngfqor_ bkrVtYindd^ etoNrcqoltg(kd. orSq) eitdqotidnlrgo^Vcteadqoltg, iqYfndqolriaQOrV bitPqkk^gXnrdttlotLqor_(t[Oqorq), btkfaSrfrnoeqlritgnorq— Kekbqilo^T tbitk, rolqig\Qritgnorq r [qkqc^ k onr[tfqq tb^lo^dr tbqinlrgo^dr ktliacorendr btcinXcqfqorT ;tkeg^, 6noel-Cqlqi[aiYn r ciaYrV Ytitctg 1tkkrr, onVtcrgLrVk_ on btg^Lqorr egnfrNrenPrr g I(C);I81tkkrr, rrVKekbqilo^qtPqoerriqXaf\lnl^lqklritgnor_.

Ctc[ti dqltcre lqklritgnor_. 6fqca_ ktgqlnd +.+. tcnfqgn, I.I. 6ltfron, d^ kt[fQfr kfqcaQOrq btftSqor_:

n) gX_fr on kq[_ t[_Xnlqf\klgt bt kt[fQcqorQ gkqV liq[tgnorT bitNqkkrtonf\otT lnTo^;

[) t[_Xnfrk\ kfqctgnl\ gkqd KlrZqkerd otidnlrgnd g bitgqcqorr t[kfqctgnor_ bt tlotLqorQ e rkb^laqdtda r fQ[^d liql\rd frPnd r t[_Xnfrk\ biqcabiqScnl\ rkb^laqdtYt t ltd, ene [acql rkbtf\Xtgnon roNtidnPr_ (rkefQZrlqf\ot g onaZo^V Pqf_V);

g) dqltcrer, oq t[qkbqZqoo^q tcotXonZotT klnocnilotT rokliaePrqT, oqt[Vtcrd^drbtenXnlqf_droncqSotklrrgnfrcotklr, liq[aQOrqbninffqf\otYt rkbtf\Xtgnor_ g^ktetbitNqkkrtonf\o^V Kekbqilo^V dqltctg, rkbtf\Xtgnfrk\ltf\etkbtdtO\QegnfrNrPritgnoo^VbkrVtftYtg@I8; Y) kt[fQcnfrk\ gkq bitPqcaio^q r KlrZqkerq otidnlrg^, biqcbirordnfrk\ gkq dqi^ cf_ biqctlginOqor_ oqetiiqelotYt rkbtf\Xtgnor_

dqltcre.

Itgiqd_bitgqcqor_onLrVrkkfqctgnorTkt[fQcqo^gkqliq[tgnor_, onVtc_Orqk_gkttlgqlklgrrkdqScaonitco^drbitNqkkrtonf\ot-KlrZq-

59

kerdr klnocnilndr kt kfqcaQOrdr biroPrbndr, biro_l^dr g in[tlq bkrVtftYtg: 1) tlgqlklgqootklr; 2) etdbqlqolotklr; 3) KlrZqketT r QircrZqketT bingtdtZotklr; 4) egnfrNrPritgnootT bitbnYnoc^ bkrVtftYrr; 5) etoNrcqoPrnf\otklr; 6) [fnYtbtfaZr_ efrqoln; 7) bitNqkkrtonf\otT ettbqinPrr; 8) roNtidritgnor_ efrqoln t Pqf_V t[kfqctgnor_; 9) dtinf\ot-btXrlrgotYt KNNqeln rkkfqctgnor_; 10) YinScnoklgqootklr r bnlirtlrXdn.

(oNtidnlrgo^drdqltcndrbtfaZqor_cnoo^Vt[rolqiqkaQOqdZqftgqeq _gf_Qlk_ dqltc on[fQcqor_, binekrdqlirZqkerT dqltc, [rtYinNrZqkerT, dqltc iqNqiqolotYt nonfrXn, etlti^q tbqinlrgore dtSql rkbtf\Xtgnl\ kndtklt_lqf\ot.

2.2. CkrVtcrnYotklrZqkerq dqltcrer, rkbtf\Xtgnoo^q g in[tlq

Cqiqc lqd ene birklabrl\ e bitgqcqorQ etoklnlriaQOqYt Kekbqirdqoln, [^fr rXaZqo^ in[tl^, btkg_Oqoo^q bkrVtcrnYotklreq [41—46, 50, 52, 55, 64, 71, 86, 93, 106, 108, 126, 127], r g^[ino^ kfqcaQOrq dqltcrer, btkg_Oqoo^q crnYotklreq etddaorenlrgo^V enZqklg frZotklr.

1.;qltcrencrnYotklrerdqSfrZotklo^VtlotLqorT$. rir. @bitkore ktcqiSrl 128 tPqotZo^V kaScqorT, rX etlti^V g enSctd rX gtk\dr lrbtg tlotLqorT t[inXaQlk_ 16 baoeltg, abti_ctZqoo^V bt gtkVtc_OqT rolqokrgotklr. Cir t[in[tleq btckZrl^gnqlk_ etfrZqklgt tlotLqorT enSctYt lrbn (CirftSqorq 1).

2.8rnYotklren etddaorenlrgotYt etolitf_ (;. onTcqi) [41]. 6 btdtO\Q cnootT dqltcrer rXaZnfrk\ aitgor etddaorenlrgotYt etolitf_ g YiabbnV. 6tYfnkot ;. onTcqia, fQcr k g^kterd etddaorenlrgo^d etolitfqdbtklt_ootkfqc_lXnkt[tT, VtitLttkgqctdfqo^, Ycqrenekq[_ gqklr. bingf_Ql kgtrdr KdtPrtonf\o^dr bit_gfqor_dr. Idqklq k lqd torrkb^l^gnQlXonZrlqf\o^qliacotklrgkbtolnootklrkndtg^inSqor_, oq fQ[_l oqbitYotXriaqd^V krlanPrT. Qcr k orXerd etddaorenlrgo^d etolitfqd oqbtkiqcklgqoo^ r tlei^l^, ot dtYal gtkbirordnl\k_ teiaSnQOrdr ene rXfrLoq bi_dtfroqTo^q r ong_XZrg^q (CirftSqorq 2).

3.8rnYotklren biro_lr_ ciaYrV bt Lenfq qT_. /nXgnorq dqltcrer Ytgtirl kndt Xn kq[_. @biqcqf_ftk\ lqibrdtq r ct[itSqfnlqf\otq tlotLqorq e ciaYrd fQc_d (CirftSqorq 3).

4.8rnYotklren KdtPrtonf\o^V [ni\qitg g dqSfrZotklotd t[Oqorr (I.I. tTet). 6 btdtO\Q cnootT dqltcrer crnYotklritgnot onfrZrq KdtPrtonf\o^V [ni\qitg g t[Oqorr (CirftSqorq 4).

5.;qltcrenKekbqilotTtPqoeroqgqi[nf\otTetddaorenPrr(inXin-

[tlnon +.;. )aXoqPtgtT). 6tYfnkot bitPqcaiq crnYotklritgnor_, k bt-

60