Психология профессионального общения оперативных сотрудников полиции с гражданами. Учебное пособие для студентов вузов
.pdf2)rYotiritgnorq btliq[otklqT r rolqiqktg bniloqin, n lneSq inXfrZrT g tlotLqorr e dria k frPtd, k etlti^d gklabnql g t[Oqorq;
3)keftootkl\ birbrk^gnl\ liacotklr aklnotgfqor_ r btccqiSnor_ etolneln kt[qkqcorea;
4)oqkNtidritgnootkl\ aZq[otYt, «liqoritgtZotYt» tlotLqor_ e t[OqorQ k liaco^dr bniloqindr. Cit_gf_qlk_ lneSq g aeftoqorr tl liqXgtYt, eirlrZqketYt kndtnonfrXn frZo^V XnliacoqorT g tb^lq gXnrdttlotLqorT k fQc\dr;
5)tkt[tq XonZqorq rdqql gtXdtSotkl\ inXgrlr_ ctgqirlqf\o^V tlotLqorT k frPtd, a etltitYt oq actgfqlgtiqo^ btliq[otklr g kndtiqnfrXnPrr (ctklrSqorr akbqVtg g in[tlq, lgtiZqklgq, eni\qiq, Vt[[r).
/qgtXdtSotkl\iqnfrXtgnl\kq[_, rkb^l^gnl\actgfqlgtiqorqtlinkei^lr_ kgtrV gtXdtSotklqT, kliqdfqorT bqiqSrgnqlk_ lnerdr fQc\dr ene krf\on_ bkrVtftYrZqken_ biqYincn cf_ KNNqelrgotYt t[Oqor_. 6lqbqo\ qq g^inSqootklr [^gnql inXfrZotT — tl SqfnorT aTlr k in[tl^ ct alinl^ kd^kfn SrXor. ncnZn ktliacoren @I8 ktkltrl g oqt[Vtcrdtklr inkbtXonl\ Klr btliq[otklr, rV XonZqorq g SrXor etoeiqlotYt Zqftgqen r aZrl^gnl\ rV g inXgrlrr k ord ctgqirlqf\o^V tlotLqorT, a[qcrg Zqftgqeng[qXtbnkotklrrbiqckenXaqdtklrrVtlotLqorTontkotgnorrkt- [fQcqor_ Xnetootklr.
+glti tldqZnql, Zlt gt gkqV kfaZn_V t[Oqor_ btliq[otkl\ rkltZoren tbqinlrgotT roNtidnPrr g [qXtbnkotklr ctfSon aZrl^gnl\k_ oq ltf\et g tiYnorXnPrr akftgrT etolneltg, ot r g kndtd inXgrlrr ctgqirlqf\o^V tlotLqorT ene bir iqYaf_io^V, lne r bir qcrorZo^V etolnelnV k biqcklngrlqf_dr onkqfqor_ [129, k. 117].
. . rftotg^d [139, k. 17] inXin[tlnon dqltcren gXnrdtcqTklgr_ bir qcrorZotd etolnelq birdqorlqf\ot e ctbitka, gtkbrlnlqf\otT [qkqcq, btfaZqorQ XonZrdtT roNtidnPrr g akftgr_V XnliacoqootYt t[Oqor_.
I Xngrkrdtklr tl gqcaOrV kbtkt[tg (biroPrbtg) gtXcqTklgr_ on bniloqin g dqltcreq g^cqfqo^ tlotkrlqf\ot XnetoZqoo^q klncrr Ntidritgnor_ bkrVtftYrZqketT Ytltgotklr e k[frSqorQ aZnkloretg. )nSctT klncrr kttlgqlklgaQl tbiqcqfqoo^q [ni\qi^, liacotklr k[frSqor_.
I rV Zrkfq nglti [139, k. 17] inXfrZnql rkVtco^q [ni\qi^, Xnliaco_QOrq onZnft t[Oqor_, r [ni\qi^ g qq inXgrlrr. Iqk\ bitPqkk k[frSqor_ btcinXcqf_qlk_ on Lqkl\ klncrT: 1) onetbfqorq ktYfnkrT; 2) btrke ktgbncnQOrV rolqiqktg; 3) biro_lrq biroPrbtg r kgtTklg frZotklr; 4) g^- _gfqorq kgtTklg frZotklr, tbnko^V cf_ t[Oqor_; 5) rocrgrcanf\o^q gtXcqTklgr_ r iqYaf_Prr btgqcqor_; 6) g^in[tlen t[OrV bingrf r gXnrdtktcqTklgr_. Cirdqorlqf\ot e enSctT klncrr aenX^gnQlk_ bkrVtftYrZqkerq Nnelti^, birXoner inXgrlr_ tlotLqorT aZnkloretg [qkqc^ r dqVnorXd^, t[qkbqZrgnQOrq birkbtkt[fqorq aZnkloretg e rXdqoqorQ krlanPrr t[Oqor_.
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I.+. /tketg kZrlnql, Zlt kaOqklgaQl t[Orq btftSqor_, etlti^q oq- t[Vtcrdt aZqkl\ cf_ aklnotgfqor_ bkrVtftYrZqketYt etolneln r Ntidritgnor_ btf_ gXnrdotYt ctgqir_ [85, k. 60]:
1)rkVtco^d [ni\qitd _gf_Qlk_ oqXnrolqiqktgnootkl\ frPn g t[- Oqorr k ktliacoretd @I8 r btliq[otkl\ g [qXtbnkotklr r biqckenXaqdtklr inXgrlr_ krlanPrr;
2)tkotgo^q XncnZr, iqLnqd^q ktliacoretd @I8: aZql rolqiqkn bniloqin r actgfqlgtiqorq qYt bkrVtftYrZqketT [qXtbnkotklr, ko_lrq KdtPrtonf\otT onbi_Sqootklr, Ntidritgnorq btXrlrgotYt tlotLqor_ e kq[q ene e frZotklr r rolqiqkn e t[OqorQ;
3)oqt[Vtcrdtkl\ aZqln tkt[qootklqT frZotklr btlqoPrnf\otYt rkltZoren roNtidnPrr, qYt rolqiqktg, frZo^V XnliacoqorT t[akftgfrgnql r oqt[Vtcrdtkl\ biqcgnirlqf\otYt rXaZqor_ Zqftgqen (t[inX SrXor, keftootklr, tlotLqorq e in[tlq, fQc_d);
4)ctgqirq oqgtXdtSot [qX tbiqcqfqor_ ltZqe ktbiretkotgqor_, bkrVtftYrZqketT [frXtklr k bniloqitd r Xto qYt biqca[qScqor_.
CiqcgX_lt oqbirqdfqdtq tlotLqorq onkqfqor_ e ktliacorea tiYnotg goaliqoorV cqf dtSql g^X^gnl\k_ oqbir_lrqd qYt btgqcqoZqketYt t[inXn, klrf_ t[Oqor_, n lneSq gfr_orqd ciaYrV Nneltitg, lnerV ene aSq kftSrgLqqk_ biqcklngfqorq g ktPradq. /aSot inXfrZnl\ onbingfqootkl\ biqca[qScqor_ e frZotklr ktliacoren @I8 rfr e biqcdqla tlotLqorT.
ni\qi^ t[Oqor_ dtYal [^l\ inkkdtliqo^ r k btXrPrT inXfrZo^V tlinkfqT bkrVtftYrr: t[OqT r efrorZqketT, gtXinklotT r bqcnYtYrZqketT, ktPrnf\otT, bkrVtftYrr liacn, QircrZqketT r l.c.
It giqd_ t[Oqor_ a aZnkloretg on[fQcnQlk_ inXfrZo^q ktklt_or_, a enSctYt bit_gf_Qlk_ lq rfr ro^q bkrVrZqkerq kgtTklgn frZotklr.
6 btXrPrT t[OqT r efrorZqketT bkrVtftYrr dtSot rkkfqctgnl\ lrbrZo^q cf_ gkqV otidnf\o^V fQcqT Nqotdqo^ t[Oqor_, Xnetotdqiotklr r dqVnorXd^ qYt bitlqenor_ r g^_gf_l\ [ni\qi^ t[Oqor_, l.q. lq Vninelqirklrer bkrVrZqkerV bitPqkktg, ktklt_orT r kgtTklg frZotklr, etlti^q oq tlgqZnQl eirlqir_d bkrVtftYrZqker tblrdnf\otYt t[Oqor_, n rXdqo_Qlk_. @kt[^T rolqiqk biqcklngf_Ql [ni\qi^, inkkdnlirgnqd^q g kgqlq rocrgrcanf\ot-frZotklo^V inXfrZrT [73, 77, 78, 111, 112, 116, 120, 121, 138, 139, 161].
(kkfqctgnor_ btenXnfr, Zlt t[Oqorq bt-inXotda cqNtidriaqlk_ frZotklo^dr lqdbqindqolnf\ot-VninelqitftYrZqkerdr tkt[qootkl_dr qYt aZnkloretg. ) Klrd frZotklo^d tkt[qootkl_d tlotk_lk_ KYtPqolirXd, g^kten_ liqgtSotkl\, rolingqilritgnootkl\, dqfnoVtfrZqkerT lqdbqindqol, ZiqXdqion_ kqokrlrgotkl\ frPn k oqgitlrZqkerd r bkrVnklqorZqkerd kefnctd frZotklr, k nYiqkkrgotkl\Q r Xnkliqgnqdtkl\Q, k ftYtoqgitXtd r ciaYrdr rocrgrcanf\ot-lrbtftYrZqkerdr enZqklgndr frZotklr [111].
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klnotgfqot, Zlt g VninelqinV fQcqT, rkb^l^gnQOrV liacotklr g t[Oqorr, t[oniaSrgnqlk_etdbfqek, VninelqirXaQOrT rVeneZiqXdqiot gbqZnlfrlqf\o^VrliqgtSo^V. (dq_ btliq[otkl\ gciaSqketd t[Oqorr, tor oq dtYal iqnfrXtgnl\ qq gkfqcklgrq kgtqT rkefQZrlqf\otT it[tklr rXnklqoZrgtklr. IonZnfqt[Oqor_tordtYalgtkbirordnl\k_eneeinToq kcqiSnoo^q, Vtftco^q, Ztbtio^q, Zlt lneSq Xnliaco_ql rV etolnel^ k teiaSnQOrdr.
/n kndtd cqfq g bkrVtftYrZqketd bitNrfq frZotklr a KlrV fQcqT t[oniaSrgnqlk_ Znklt btg^Lqoo^T aitgqo\ liqgtYr, KdtPrtonf\on_ oqakltTZrgtkl\, g^kterT kndtetolitf\ btgqcqor_, g^kterT aitgqo\ kndteirlrZotklr, rolitgqilritgnootklr, XnklqoZrgtklr, Xngrkrdtklr, etoNtidotklr, « — etoPqbPr_» a orV gefQZnql lnerq bnindqli^, ene XnorSqoon_ rocrgrcanf\on_ r ktPrnf\on_ kndttPqoen.
6bqPrNrZqkerq liacotklr t[Oqor_ Vninelqio^ cf_ frP k _iet g^- inSqootT liqgtSotkl\Q. $iqgtSotkl\, gtXoreLn_ gkfqcklgrq oqPqftklotklr, [qXt[inXotklr, kfn[tklr « » rfr cqrqiniVrXnPrr dtlrgnPrtootT krklqd^ rocrgrcn, dtSql birgtcrl\ e tkfn[fqorQ goaliqooqYt etolain etolitf_ etddaorenlrgotT nelrgotklr. «/q onVtc_ kq[_ g kq[q», liqgtSo^T Zqftgqe b^lnqlk_ «onTlr kq[_ gt goq», g Znklotklr g tPqoenV r doqor_V teiaSnQOrV t oqd, klnotg_k\ e ord [tfqq Zagklgrlqf\o^d, n rotYcn r rorPrria_ rV bit_gfqorq [5].
I.+. litt, +.+. ;qfno\ron [154] kZrlnQl, Zlt XnklqoZrg^q fQcr bt kgtrd frZotklo^d r etddaorenlrgo^d kgtTklgnd oq _gf_Qlk_ tcotitcotT YiabbtT. 6iqcr orV g^cqf_Qlk_ oqncnblritgnoo^q (tkt[t XnklqoZrg^q r LrXtrco^q frZotklr) r ncnblritgnoo^q (XnklqoZrg^q). ) kgtTklgnd, g^X^gnQOrd liacotklr t[Oqor_, tlotk_lk_ eitdq XnklqoZrgtklr tlZaScqootkl\, tcrotZqklgt, ZiqXdqion_ kqokrlrgotkl\, rklqitrcotkl\, oqgitlrXnPr_.
/qgitlrXritgnoo^q fQcr r frPn k orXetT kndtiqYaf_PrqT t["qcro_Qlk_gYiabbaknd^VoqakbqLo^VrbftVtncnblriaQOrVk_. $iacotklr t[Oqor_ dtYal [^l\ inkkdtliqo^ r k btXrPrT dqcrProketT bkrVtftYrr. $ne, qOq I./. ;_krOqg kZrlnf, Zlt g tkotgq inXgrlr_ oqgitXn fqSrl oqbitcaelrgotqinXiqLqorqgoalirfrZotklo^VrdqSfrZotklo^VetoNfreltg, etlti^q bit_gf_Qlk_ g bkrVtftYrZqkerV liacotkl_V t[Oqor_.
1_c rkkfqctgnlqfqT k btdtO\Q frZotklo^V dqltcre inkkdtliqfr tkt[qootklr btgqcqor_, etlti^q dtYal Xnliaco_l\ t[Oqorq a [tf\o^V oqgitXndr. btkfqcorV [^ft t[oniaSqot onfrZrq bitlrgtbtftSot onbingfqoo^V lqocqoPrT r dtlrgtg btgqcqor_. I^_gfqot, k tcotT kltit- o^, tSrcnorq gordnor_, k ciaYtT — [t_Xo\ Vtftcotklr kt kltito^ XonZrd^V ciaYrV; k tcotT kltito^, kliqdfqorq e t[OqorQ, k ciaYtT — ZiqXdqiot g^kterq liq[tgnor_ e bniloqia («oq tlgqZnql rcqnfa»). !lrd Sq rkkfqctgnorqd btclgqiScqot, Zlt qkfr bir bkrVnklqorr liacotklr t[Oqor_ tktXonQlk_ r bqiqSrgnQlk_ bnPrqoltd, lt bir rklqirr _gon_
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oqncqegnlotkl\ t[Oqor_ oq tktXonqlk_, rYotiriaqlk_ r ka["qelrgot dtSql oq bqiqSrgnl\k_.
@kt[aQ Ntida liacotklqT bir t[Oqorr k teiaSnQOrdr rkb^l^- gnQl frPn, klincnQOrq ftYtoqgitXndr. (kkfqctgnor_ btenXnfr, Zlt a enSctYt rX orV kgtT etdbfqek oqbtfotPqootklr, etlti^T, onZron_k\ k Yfa[tetT oqactgfqlgtiqootklr birl_XnorT g kNqiq etddaorenPrT, cqNtidriaql tlotLqorq frZotklr e ciaYrd kltitond qYt [^lr_.
6gtr kbqPrNrZqkerq liacotklr t[Oqor_ qkl\ r a frZotklqT k ciaYrdr oniaLqor_dr, klincnQOrV inXfrZo^dr ktdnlrZqkerdr Xn[tfqgnor_dr, tor Xndqlot gfr_Ql on t[Oqorq r g Pqftd on btgqcqorq Zqftgqen. 6iqcr ktliacoretg tor gkliqZnQlk_ ltYcn, etYcn lq bitVtc_l oqenZqklgqoo^T bkrVtftYrZqkerT tl[ti. @conet kiqcr onkqfqor_ — kbftL\ r i_ctd, btKltda ktliacore btfrPrr ctfSqo Xonl\ t gtXdtSotklr gkliqlrl\ lnerV bniloqitg bt t[OqorQ.
Itlcqf\oaQ Yiabba g^cqf_Ql [ni\qi^ t[Oqor_, g etlti^V biq- t[fncnql ktPrnf\ot-bkrVtftYrZqkerT Nnelti.
It[Oqorr ktliacoretg k onkqfqorqd Znklt aZnklgaQl inXfrZo^q Yiabbritger, Zfqo^ etltitT bt kgtrd SrXoqoo^d aklnotgend klt_l on crndqlinf\ot bitlrgtbtftSo^V btXrPr_V. klqklgqoot, gkq Klt oq dtSql oq g^Xgnl\ liacotklr g rV t[Oqorr, n btitT r btitcrl\ eto-
Nfrel^ [70, 72, 77, 81, 82, 85].
@kt[aQ Yiabba ktklngf_Ql bir Kltd frPn, inoqq kacrd^q, _X^e etlti^ViqXettlfrZnqlk_fnYqio^dSniYtotd. CtitT_X^efrP, cfrlqf\ot biq[^gngLrV g dqklnV frLqor_ kgt[tc^, oq bitklt rXt[rfaql oqbto_l- o^dr cf_ t[^ZotYt Zqftgqen kftgndr, n iqXet Xnliaco_ql Klrd frPnd ncnblnPrQ g ktPradq, tllnfergn_ tl orV tkotgoaQ dnkka onkqfqor_. CtKltda ktliacorend @I8 birVtcrlk_ rXaZnl\ Kltl «_X^e» g Pqf_V t[Oqor_ k iqPrcrgrklndr, birgfqZqor_ rV e ktliacorZqklga g tlcqf\o^V kfaZn_V r tenXnor_ rd btdtOr g birkbtkt[fqorr e inoqq birg^ZotT SrXor, l.q. iqncnblnPrr.
ni\qi^ g t[Oqorr ktliacoretg k onkqfqorqd dtYal gtXorenl\ lneSq rX-Xn bironcfqSotklr qYt aZnkloretg e inXo^d gtXinklo^d Yiabbnd. 6fqcklgrqd KltYt _gf_qlk_ oqkVtcklgt rV SrXoqootYt tb^ln, drittOaOqor_, gXYf_ctg on biritca, t[Oqklgt, Zqftgqen, tlotLqor_ e ord r etoeiqlotYt btgqcqor_ g inXfrZo^V SrXoqoo^V krlanPr_V [154].
ni\qindr g t[Oqorr k onkqfqorqd bir Kltd lneSq _gf_Qlk_ inX- o^T aitgqo\ inXgrlr_ r tb^ln bir etolnelnV, oqtcronetg^T Xnbnk XonorT. Ikq Klt bt-inXotda kttlotkrlk_ k dtlrgnPrtoot-btliq[otklotT kNqitT, etltin_ g enSctT gtXinklotT Yiabbq tlfrZnqlk_ kgtqT kbqPr-
NretT [70, 71, 77, 81, 82, 164].
+onfrXria_ liacotklr, kg_Xnoo^q k gtXinkltd t[OnQOrVk_, ktliacorend cqlkerV etdonl btfrPrr onct t[_Xnlqf\ot aZrl^gnl\ bkrVtftYrZqkerq Vninelqirklrer enSctT gtXinklotT Yiabb^ r cqfnl\ btbingea on
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lt, ene tor bit_gf_Qlk_ a iq[qoen, btcitklen, QotLr, cqgtZer, cqgaLer, gXitkf^V daSZro^ r SqoOro^, a btSrf^V fQcqT r klniretg. @kt[tq XonZqorq rdqQl Xngrkrdtkl\ dqSca lrbrZo^d cf_ enSctYt gtXinkln aitgoqd inXgrlr_ bkrVrZqkerV bitPqkktg r kgtTklg frZotklr r lnerdr kbqPrNrZqkerdr cf_ gXnrdtcqTklgaQOrV fQcqT Vninelqirklrendr biro_lr_ciaYrV, eneKdbnlr_, iqNfqekr_, rcqolrNrenPr_, nkkqilrgotkl\ [71, 72, 77, 111, 114].
6 btXrPrT bqcnYtYrZqketT bkrVtftYrr g^cqf_Qlk_ ro^q [ni\qi^ t[Oqor_. @or XnefQZnQlk_ g tkotgotd g ngltirlniotd klrfq t[Oqor_. I bqcnYtYreq cngot algqicrftk\ btftSqorq «[qX liq[tgnor_ oql gtkbrlnor_». /t dotYrq bqcnYtYr kZrlnQl, Zlt iqnfrXnPr_ KltYt lqXrkn biqcbtfnYnql t[_Xnlqf\ot ngltirlnio^T (ka["qel-t["qelo^T) klrf\ iaetgtcklgn aZnOrdrk_ [99, 123, 129, 131].
+. . )tgnfqg [62] inkkdnlirgnql [ni\qi^ t[Oqor_ k btXrPrT bkrVtftYrr liacn. )ne rXgqklot, gt dotYrV grcnV cq_lqf\otklr oq t[tTlrk\ [qX ZqftgqZqketYt gXnrdtcqTklgr_. ( Zlt[^ Klr grc^ cq_lqf\otklr akbqLot g^btfo_frk\, rV rkbtforlqf_d oqt[Vtcrdt bt-onklt_Oqda ktliacorZnl\. + cf_ KltYt tor ctfSo^ Xonl\ bingn r t[_Xnootklr ciaY ciaYn, birZqd Xonorq, rdqQOqqk_ a tcotYt aZnkloren, oq ctfSot ZiqXdqiot tlfrZnl\k_ tl XonorT ciaYrV aZnkloretg cq_lqf\otklr. )tYcn, onbirdqi, gXnrdtcqTklgaQl onZnf\ore r btcZroqoo^T g btfrPqTkerV etffqelrgnV, lt tor ctfSo^ gqklr kq[_, ene bingrft, g kttlgqlklgrr k lqdr ctfSotklo^dr bingndr r t[_Xnootkl_dr, etlti^q enSctda rX orV btftSqo^. /t g SrXor btgqcqorq onZnf\oren dtSql oq kttlgqlklgtgnl\ bitbrknootda Klnftoa rfr ont[titl. /qctklnltZon_ bitNqkkrtonf\on_ etdbqlqolotkl\ onZnf\oren g YfnXnV btcZroqootYt, Ntidnf\otq tlotLqorq e bitPqkka r e iqXaf\lnlnd qYt liacn dtYal _grl\k_ tkotgnorqd cf_ gtXoreotgqor_ bkrVtftYrZqkerV liacotklqT bir rV t[Oqorr, r Klt tZqo\ Znklt kenX^gnqlk_ on rV etolnelnV k onkqfqorqd.
$.@. 6afrdtgn [133] inkkdnlirgnql Yiabba liacotklqT t[Oqor_, gtXorenQOaQ dqSca fQc\dr g krlanPr_V, inkkdtliqorq etlti^V _gf_qlk_ etdbqlqoPrqT QircrZqketT r ktPrnf\otT bkrVtftYrr.
@[Oqorq tbqinlrgotYt ktliacoren r bingtoniaLrlqf_, kgrcqlqf_ r btlqibqgLqYt, t[Oqorq, inXgqil^gnQOqqk_ dqSca aZnklorendr kacq[- otYtbitPqkkn, dqScafrPndr, onVtc_Ordrk_gdqklnVXnefQZqor_, dqSca btkfqcordrrrVtVinotT, dqScafQc\dr, tl[^gLrdronenXnorqrg^baOqoo^dr on kgt[tca, r rV otg^d ktPrnf\o^d teiaSqorqd — gkq Klr grc^t[Oqor_VninelqirXaQlk_kgtrdrbkrVtftYrZqkerdrliacotkl_dr.
$nerd t[inXtd, kaOqklgaQl NaoePrr r dqVnorXd^ t[Oqor_ cf_ bqiqcnZr roNtidnPrr, qYt tPqoer, iqYaf_Prr r iqnePrr on oqYt etddaorenltitg r [ni\qi^ t[Oqor_, etlti^q oqt[Vtcrdt g^_gf_l\ g enSctd tlcqf\otd kfaZnq r ktPrnf\otT kNqiq, aZrl^gnl\ r aklino_l\ rV bt dqiq gtXdtSotklr cf_ iqXaf\lnlrgotklr t[Oqor_.
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1.3. CitNqkkrtonf\o^q tkotg^ etddaorenPrr tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg k YinScnondr, ktliacorZnQOrdr
bt etolinela (Xnia[qSo^T r tlqZqklgqoo^T tb^l)
nia[qSo^T tb^l btenX^gnql, Zlt rkbtf\Xtgnorq btfrPqTketT inXgqcetT tkgqctdrlqfqT rX Zrkfn YinScnoketYt onkqfqor_ [^f g^in[tlno ktXcnlqf_dr NinoPaXketT eirdronf\otT btfrPrr (6 1$!) +oir r Irctetd. +oir klnf t[Onl\k_ k [^gLrd enltiSoretd, kfqca_ biroPrba,
Zlt «bt[titl\ biqklaboren dtSql ltf\et biqklabore» [134].
/t kt giqdqoqd Xnetotcnlqf\klgt onftSrft Xnbiql on birqd g eirdronf\oaQbtfrPrQgenZqklgqcqlqelrgtgfrP, rdqQOrVkacrdtkl\. 6tliacore k^keotYt gqctdklgn etoeiqlo^q eirdronf\o^q XncnZr ctfSqo [^f iqLnl\ knd frZot. I kg_Xr k Klrd g ktklngq btfrPqTketT inXgqcer klino nbncn r 6 + bt_grfrk\ ktliacorer, cqTklgaQOrq fqYnf\ot r kei^lt g kbqPrnfrXritgnoo^V btcinXcqfqor_V [169—177].
$ne g btfrPqTketT inXgqceq bt_grfnk\ Yiabbn kqeiqlo^V ktliacor- etg-bitNqkkrtonftg, bironcfqSotkl\ etlti^V e tiYnoa, tkaOqklgf_QOqdak^ke, btfotkl\Qkei^gnfnk\XnkZqlinXin[tlnootTontbiqcqfqootq giqd_ fqYqoc^, btccqf\o^dr cteadqolndr r ciaYrdr iqegrXrlndr, ot irke bitgnfn lnetYt ktliacoren gkqYcn kaOqklgtgnf. !lt r t[akftgrft oqt[Vtcrdtkl\ rkbtf\Xtgnor_ btfrPqTketT inXgqcetT tkgqctdrlqfqT
(«tkgqctdrlqf\— frPt, etltitqtkgqctdf_qltZqd-o., tkgqctdf_l\— kt- t[Orl\ etda-o. kgqcqor_ t etd/Zqd-o.») [150]. Cinelren btenXnfn, Zlt tkotgon_ dnkkn PqootT roNtidnPrr btklabnql tl tkgqctdrlqfqT, Zlt kbtkt[klgtgnft bt_gfqorQ otgtT Ntidaf^: btfrPqTkerT VtitL onkltf\et, onketf\et VtitL qYt tkgqctdrlqf\.
$ne, g 1 Xneto «@ btfrPrr» Xqdfr 6qgqio^T 1qTo — IqklNnfr_ tl 25 dniln 1980 Y., ctbtfoqoo^T Xnetotd tl 26 rQo_ 1984 Y., biqcakdnlirgnql lnetT inXcqf, ene «@kt[^q dqltc^ k[tin roNtidnPrr». ) rV Zrkfa tlotkrlk_ r k[ti cnoo^V btkiqcklgtd ggqcqor_ g inXin[tlea frP, Z\q gXnrdtcqTklgrq k btfrPrqT klitrlk_ on kqeiqlotT tkotgq, k[ti cnoo^V balqd lnTotYt t[Oqor_ k tkgqctdrlqf_dr.
I 16 +tbqinlrgot-inX^keo^qdqitbir_lr_iqYfndqolriaQlk_ rokliaePr_dr Yqoqinf\otYt nlltioq_, criqelrgndr biqXrcqoln 6 +, r ciaYrdr Xnetondr r ncdrorklinlrgo^dr bingtg^dr nelndr. I KlrV cteadqolnV Xneiqbfqot bingt 1 rkbtf\Xtgnl\ tkgqctdrlqfqT rX Zrkfn onkqfqor_ g kfaZnq bitgqcqor_ tbqinlrgot-inX^keo^V dqitbir_lrT.
@kgqctdrlqf\ g Xnia[qSotT binelreq — Klt frPt, oq gVtc_Oqq g krklqda tVino^ bingtbti_cen, bqirtcrZqker r iqYaf_iot biqctklngf_QOqq roNtidnPrQ ctfSotklotda frPa bingttVinorlqf\o^V tiYnotg t biqklabotT cq_lqf\otklr [134, 150].
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8qf_lk_ tkgqctdrlqfr on inXfrZo^q Yiabb^. CtfrPqTken_ inXgqcen rkbtf\Xaql [134]:
1)kfaZnTo^VtkgqctdrlqfqT, l.q. frP, biqcklngf_QOrVrotYcnbtfqX- o^q cf_ kfqcklgr_ Nnel^ g kfaZnq aklnotgfqor_ k ordr etolneln, tconet oq _gf_QOrVk_ btklt_oo^dr btklngOrendr roNtidnPrr; tor oq g^X^- gnQlk_ cf_ cnZr kgrcqlqf\kerV btenXnorT on kacq (e ord Znklt tlotk_lk_ bingtoniaLrlqfr, rVktt[Oorer, kfaZnTo^qfQcr, cnQOrqroNtidnPrQ bt lqfqNtoa). /ncqSotkl\ lnetT roNtidnPrr gkqYcn ktdorlqf\on r liq- [aql, ene bingrft, btclgqiScqor_ rX ciaYrV rkltZoretg;
2)iqYaf_io^VtkgqctdrlqfqT. ItlfrZrqtlkfaZnTo^VKltZfqo^biqklabo^V tiYnorXnPrT rfr ro^q ktt[Oorer t["qeltg btfrPqTketT inXgqcer, lqkot ktliacorZnQOrq k Klrdr bingtoniaLrlqf_dr; Kln Yiabbn biqcklngf_ql tkt[aQ Pqootkl\ cf_ ktliacoretg k^ken; kbqPrNren KltT Yiabb^ g ltd, Zlt ton dtSql rdql\ oqketf\et dtlrgtg cf_ g^cnZr roNtidnPrr, ot t[^Zot liq[aql bfnl^ Xn biqctklngf_qd^q akfaYr;
3)kbqPrnf\o^V tkgqctdrlqfqT, etlti^q g^Vtc_l Xn inder bitkltYt biqctklngfqor_ roNtidnPrr, tenX^gn_ nelrgoaQ btdtO\ g bitgqcqorr lnTo^V tbqinPrT bt goqciqorQ g biqklabo^q ktt[Oqklgn. $nerq tkgqctdrlqfr dtYal [^l\ rkbtf\Xtgno^ g kacq g enZqklgq kgrcqlqfqT, rd t[^Zot dtSql btliq[tgnl\k_ XnOrln bingttVinorlqf\o^V tiYnotg, n lneSq kaOqklgqoon_ btdtO\ g bqiqdqoq dqkln Srlqf\klgn rfr cnSq rXdqoqorr frZotklr btkfq biqeinOqor_ cqfn;
4)tkgqctdrlqfr rX Zrkfn frP, onVtc_OrVk_ btc niqkltd; Klr frPn oqiqcet biqctklngf_Ql roNtidnPrQ, k lqd Zlt[^ rX[qSnl\ kacq[otYt biqkfqctgnor_ r adqo\Lrl\ klqbqo\ dqi^ onenXnor_. (oNtidnPr_, btfaZqoon_ rX btct[o^V rkltZoretg, _gf_qlk_ iqXaf\lnltd ctklrSqor_ lnetT ctYtgtiqootklr r ctfSon [^l\ rkbtf\Xtgnon ct ltYt, ene t[oniaSrlk_ Kln ctYtgtiqootkl\. I cnf\oqTLqd Klr frPn dtYal cnl\ ktYfnkrq on biqctklngfqorq kgrcqlqf\kerV btenXnorT, n lneSq on ktliacorZqklgt btkfq tkgt[tScqor_.
nOq gkqYt tkgqctdrlqfr btZlr gkqYcn _gf_Qlk_ fQc\dr, kg_Xno- o^dr k biqklabotT cq_lqf\otkl\Q. I kg_Xr k Klrd ktliacorer k^ken ctfSo^ gfncql\ bkrVtftYrZqkerdr tkotgndr lnelrer t[oniaSqor_ r gqi[tger btlqoPrnf\o^V tkgqctdrlqfqT, n Xnlqd r KNNqelrgotYt t[- Oqor_ k ordr g enZqklgq rkltZoren roNtidnPrr.
$nerd t[inXtd, rkbtf\Xtgnorq tkgqctdrlqfqT g tbqinlrgot-in- X^keo^V dqitbir_lr_V bitZot algqicrftk\ g binelreq btfrPqTketT inXgqcer klino nbncn, 6 + r ci. [134, 150].
netotcnlqf\ g 1tkkrTketT qcqinPrr k aZqltd btftSrlqf\otYt Xnia[qSotYt tb^ln ltSq btkZrlnf oqt[Vtcrd^d cf_ t[qkbqZqor_ bingtbti_cen r [qXtbnkotklr rdql\ g kliaelaiq Ytkacniklgn kqeiqloaQ kfaS[a r tiYno^, tkaOqklgf_QOrq @18, birXongn_ bir Kltd Xn ordr bingt rkbtf\Xtgnor_ ktcqTklgr_ tkgqctdrlqfqT rX Zrkfn YinScno on
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etolinelotT tkotgq. )itdq ltYt, rdqqlk_ frlqinlain, btkg_Oqoon_ Klrd gtbitknd [7, 8, 58, 100, 102, 103, 127, 133, 143, 162 r ci.].
$ne, g kl. 15 neton «@[ tbqinlrgot-inX^keotT cq_lqf\otklr» Ytgtirlk_ t bingnV tiYnotg, tkaOqklgf_QOrV tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\: « klnongfrgnl\ on [qXgtXdqXcotT fr[t gtXdqXcotT tkotgq tlotLqor_ ktliacorZqklgn k frPndr, rX"_grgLrdr ktYfnkrq tenX^gnl\ ktcqTklgrqonetoNrcqoPrnf\otTtkotgqtiYnond, tkaOqklgf_QOrdtbq- inlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\»; «rkbtf\Xtgnl\ g Pqf_V etokbrinPrr cteadqol^, XnLrNitg^gnQOrq frZotkl\ ctfSotklo^V frP, gqctdklgqooaQ bironcfqSotkl\ biqcbir_lrT, aZiqScqorT, tiYnorXnPrT, btcinXcqfqorT, btdqOqorT r linokbtilo^V kiqcklg tiYnotg, tkaOqklgf_QOrV tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, n lneSq frZotkl\ YinScno, tenX^- gnQOrV rd ktcqTklgrq on etoNrcqoPrnf\otT tkotgq».
I kl. 17 neton t[ @18 «6tcqTklgrq YinScno tiYnond, tkaOqklgf_Q- Ordtbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQcq_lqf\otkl\» Ytgtirlk_kfqcaQOqq: tlcqf\- o^q frPn dtYal k rV ktYfnkr_ birgfqenl\k_ e btcYtltgeq rfr bitgqcqorQ tbqinlrgot-inX^keo^V dqitbir_lrT k ktVinoqorqd bt rV SqfnorQ etoNrcqoPrnf\otklr ktcqTklgr_ tiYnond, tkaOqklgf_QOrd tbqinlrgot-in- X^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, g ltd Zrkfq bt etolinela. !lr frPn t[_Xno^ ktVino_l\ g lnToq kgqcqor_, klngLrq rd rXgqklo^dr g Vtcq btcYtltger rfr bitgqcqor_ tbqinlrgot-inX^keo^V dqitbir_lrT, r oq gbingq biqctklngf_l\ Xngqctdt ftSoaQ roNtidnPrQ aenXnoo^d tiYnond.
@iYno^, tkaOqklgf_QOrq @18, dtYal XnefQZnl\ etolinel^ k ktgqiLqootfqlordrcqqkbtkt[o^drfrPndroqXngrkrdttlrVYinScnoklgn, onPrtonf\otklr, btfn, rdaOqklgqootYt, ctfSotklotYtrktPrnf\otYtbtftSqor_, t[inXtgnor_, bironcfqSotklret[Oqklgqoo^dt["qcroqor_d, tlotLqor_ e iqfrYrr r btfrlrZqkerV a[qScqorT.
@iYnond, tkaOqklgf_QOrd tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, Xnb-iqOnqlk_ rkbtf\Xtgnl\ etoNrcqoPrnf\otq ktcqTklgrq bt etolinela cqbalnltg, kacqT, biteaititg, ncgtenltg, kg_OqootkfaSrlqfqT r btfotdtZo^V biqcklngrlqfqT, tNrPrnf\ot XniqYrkliritgnoo^V iqfrYrtXo^V t["qcroqorT.
I kl. 18 neton t[ @18 «6tPrnf\on_ r bingtgn_ XnOrln YinScno, ktcqTklgaQOrV tiYnond, tkaOqklgf_QOrd tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\» Ytgtirlk_ t kfqcaQOqd:
1)frPn, ktcqTklgaQOrq tiYnond, tkaOqklgf_QOrd tbqinlrgot-in- X^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, onVtc_lk_ btc XnOrltT Ytkacniklgn;
2)Ytkacniklgt Yninolriaql frPnd, rX"_grgLrd ktYfnkrq ktcqTklgtgnl\ bt etolinela tiYnond, tkaOqklgf_QOrd tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, g^btfoqorq kgtrV t[_Xnlqf\klg, biqcakdtliqoo^V etolineltd, g ltd Zrkfq Yninolriaql bingtgaQ XnOrla, kg_XnooaQ k bingtdqio^d g^btfoqorqd aenXnoo^dr frPndr t[OqklgqootYt ctfYn rfr gtXftSqoo^V on orV t[_XnootklqT;
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3)birgtXoreotgqorriqnf\otTaYitX^bitlrgtbingotYtbtk_Ynlqf\- klgnonSrXo\, Xctitg\qrfrrdaOqklgttlcqf\o^VfrPgkg_XrkrVktcqTklgrqd tiYnond, tkaOqklgf_QOrd tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, n ingot Zfqotg rV kqdqT r [frXerV Klr tiYno^ t[_Xno^ biro_l\ oqt[Vtcrd^q dqi^ bt biqctlginOqorQ bitlrgtbingo^V cqTklgrT, aklnotgfqorQ grotgo^V r birgfqZqorQ rV e tlgqlklgqootklr, biqcakdtliqootT Xnetotcnlqf\klgtd 1tkkrTketT qcqinPrr;
4)frPt rX Zrkfn Zfqotg biqklabotT Yiabb^, ktgqiLrgLqq bitlrgtbingotq cq_orq, oq btgfqeLqq l_SerV btkfqcklgrT, r birgfqZqootq e ktliacorZqklga k tiYnotd, tkaOqklgf_QOrd tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, nelrgot kbtkt[klgtgngLqq inkei^lrQ biqklabfqorT, gtXdqklrgLqq onoqkqoo^T aOqi[ rfr ro^d t[inXtd XnYfncrgLqq birZroqo- o^T giqc, tkgt[tScnqlk_ tl aYtftgotT tlgqlklgqootklr g kttlgqlklgrr k Xnetotcnlqf\klgtd 1tkkrTketT qcqinPrr;
5)frPn, ktliacorZnQOrq k tiYnondr, tkaOqklgf_QOrdr tbqin- lrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, fr[t tenXngLrq rd btdtO\ g inkei^- lrr biqklabfqorT rfr aklnotgfqorr frP, rV ktgqiLrgLrV, dtYal btfaZnl\ gtXonYinScqor_ r ciaYrq g^bfnl^. CtfaZqoo^q aenXnoo^dr frPndr kadd^ gtXonYinScqorT r ciaYrq g^bfnl^ onftYndr oq t[fnYnQlk_ r g cqefninPr_V t ctVtcnV oq aenX^gnQlk_;
6)bqirtc ktliacorZqklgn YinScno bt etolinela k tiYnondr, tkaOqklgf_QOrdr tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, g enZqklgq tkotgotYt itcn Xno_lrT gefQZnqlk_ g liactgtT klnS YinScno. enXnoo^q frPn rdqQl bingt on bqokrtootq t[qkbqZqorq g kttlgqlklgrr k Xnetotcnlqf\klgtd 1tkkrTketT qcqinPrr;
7)g Pqf_V t[qkbqZqor_ [qXtbnkotklr frP, ktliacorZnQOrV k tiYnondr, tkaOqklgf_QOrdr tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, r Zfqotg rV kqdqT, ctbakenqlk_ bitgqcqorq kbqPrnf\o^V dqitbir_lrT bt rV XnOrlq g bti_ceq, tbiqcqf_qdtd Xnetotcnlqf\o^dr r ro^dr otidnlrgo^dr bingtg^dr nelndr 1tkkrTketT qcqinPrr;
8)g kfaZnq Yr[qfr frPn, ktliacorZnQOqYt bt etolinela k tiYnondr, tkaOqklgf_QOrdrtbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQcq_lqf\otkl\, gkg_XrkqYtaZnklrqd g bitgqcqorr tbqinlrgot-inX^keo^V dqitbir_lrT kqd\q btklincngLqYt r frPnd, onVtc_Ordk_ on qYt rScrgqorr, rX kiqcklg kttlgqlklgaQOqYt [QcSqln g^bfnZrgnqlk_ qcrotgiqdqootq btkt[rq g inXdqiq cqk_lrfqloqYt cqoqSotYt ktcqiSnor_ btYr[LqYt r g aklnotgfqootd Xnetotd bti_ceq onXonZnqlk_ bqokr_ bt kfaZnQ btlqir etidrf\Pn;
9)bir btfaZqorr frPtd, ktliacorZnQOrd bt etolinela k tiYnondr, tkaOqklgf_QOrdr tbqinlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, lingd^, inoqor_, etolaXrr, agqZ\_, onklabrgLrV g kg_Xr k qYt aZnklrqd g bitgqcqorr tbqinlrgot-inX^keo^V dqitbir_lrT r rkefQZnQOrV cf_ oqYt gtXdtSotkl\ cnf\oqTLqYt ktliacorZqklgn k tiYnondr, tkaOqklgf_QOrdr tbq- inlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, aenXnootda frPa rX kiqcklg kttl-
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gqlklgaQOqYt [QcSqln g^bfnZrgnqlk_ qcrotgiqdqootq btkt[rq g inXdqiq b_lrfqloqYt cqoqSotYt ktcqiSnor_ r g aklnotgfqootd Xnetotd bti_ceq onXonZnqlk_ bqokr_ bt rognfrcotklr.
I kl. 21 neton Ytgtirlk_ t biteaitiketd oncXtiq Xn tbqinlrgotinX^keotT cq_lqf\otkl\Q (g iqc. tl 5 _ogni_ 1999 Y. 6- ).
6gqcqor_ t frPnV, goqciqoo^V g tiYnorXtgnoo^q biqklabo^q Yiab- b^, t Llnlo^V oqYfnko^V ktliacorenV tiYnotg, tkaOqklgf_QOrV tbq- inlrgot-inX^keoaQ cq_lqf\otkl\, n lneSq t frPnV, tenX^gnQOrV ktcqTklgrq Klrd tiYnond on etoNrcqoPrnf\otT tkotgq, biqcklngf_Qlk_ kttlgqlklgaQOrd biteaitind ltf\et k brk\dqootYt ktYfnkr_ bqiqZrkfqo- o^V frP, Xn rkefQZqorqd kfaZnqg, liq[aQOrV rV birgfqZqor_ e aYtftgotT tlgqlklgqootklr.
Citeaiti^, aenXnoo^q g Znklr bqigtT onklt_OqT klnl\r, t[qkbqZrgnQl XnOrla kgqcqorT, ktcqiSnOrVk_ g biqcklngfqoo^V cteadqolnV r dnlqirnfnV.
I binelreq tbqinlrgot-inX^keotYt tiYnon (@1@) kaOqklgaql tbiqcqfqorq r efnkkrNrenPr_ frP, ktcqTklgaQOrV rd. I aZq[oreq bt tbqin- lrgot-inX^keotT cq_lqf\otklr [88] cnqlk_ kfqcaQOqq tbiqcqfqorq frP, birgfqenqd^V e ktliacorZqklga: «$nerd frPtd _gf_qlk_ gk_erT cqqkbtkt[o^T Zqftgqe, birgfqZqoo^T e btcYtltgeq rfr bitgqcqorQ tbqin- lrgot-inX^keo^V dqitbir_lrT (@1;), l.q. biqctklngf_QOrT roNtidnPrQ @1@ (tbqinlrgorea) rfr ro^d t[inXtd aZnklgaQOrT g iqLqorr etoeiqlo^V XncnZ @18 r g cnootT kg_Xr oncqfqoo^T kttlgqlklgaQOrdr btfotdtZr_dr, etlti^T btcfqSrl ktPrnf\otT r bingtgtT XnOrlq, n lneSq tlgqlklgqootklr g kfaZnq oniaLqor_ gX_l^V t[_Xnlqf\klg».
Cir efnkkrNrenPrr YinScno, birgfqenqd^V e ktliacorZqklga, g^- cqf_Ql oqketf\et Yiabb [88]:
1)bt Ntidq tenXnor_ ktcqTklgr_ @1@ (Yfnko^q — ctgqiqootq frPt, ciaSroore, oqYfnko^q— nYqol^, kdqLnoo^q— kbqPrnfrkl, bqiqgtcZre);
2)bt kbtkt[nd rkbtf\Xtgnor_ (btcYtlngfrgnQOrq @1; r oqbtkiqcklgqoot aZnklgaQOrq g qYt bitgqcqorr);
3)bt cfrlqf\otklr ktcqTklgr_ (inXtgtq tenXnorq btdtOr, einletgiqdqootq ktcqTklgrq r ktcqTklgrq on ctfYtgiqdqootT tkotgq);
4)bt klqbqor aZnklr_ tkotgoaQ Yiabba ktklngf_Ql nYqol, ctgqiqootq frPt, ctbtforlqf\oaQ — kbqPrnfrkl (frPt, t[fncnQOqq onaZo^dr lqVorZqkerdr rfr ro^dr kbqPrnf\o^dr Xonor_dr), bqiqgtcZre — frPt, gfncqQOqq _X^endr rfr btordnQOqq Xoner YfaVtoqd^V r l.b.
$nd Sq cnot qOq tcot tbiqcqfqorq: «...nYqoltd(tl fnl. ngens, itc. b.
Agentis — cqTklgaQOrT) _gf_qlk_Zqftgqe, etlti^T gkttlgqlklgrrk tbq- inlrgot-inX^keo^d Xnetotcnlqf\klgtd etoNrcqoPrnf\ot ktliacorZnql k @1@». tZqlk_ cadnl\, Zlt tl kftgn «etoNrcqoPrnf\ot» bitrXtLft kftgt «etoNrcqol», Vtl_ g cnootd kfaZnq tot krotordrZot kftga «lnTot», tconet qkl\ r ciaYn_ lineltgen XonZqor_ KltYt kftgn.
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