Психология профессионального общения оперативных сотрудников полиции с гражданами. Учебное пособие для студентов вузов

r, ont[titl, lneSq oqbir_lot, etYcn ctfYt birklnf\ot kdtlirl. Cir_lot, etYcn Zqftgqe af^[nqlk_, Klt inkbtfnYnql r g^X^gnql tlgqlotq Sqfnorq af^[oal\k_.

1qXaf\lnl^ oqetlti^V rkkfqctgnorT g bkrVtftYrr r dqcrProq btenXnfr, ZltgXYf_ckg_XnokbitPqkktdNtidritgnor_d^kfqT, g^kenX^gnor_. )tYcnZqftgqeltf\etNtidriaqld^kf\, toZnOqgkqYtkdtlirlgkltitoa, etYcn Sq d^kf\ btfotkl\Q Ytltgn — on kt[qkqcoren. kfr iqZ\ rcql t kftSo^VgqOnV, onkt[qkqcorenkdtli_ldqo\Lq, etYcnliacotkl\biqtctfqgnqlk_— [tf\Lq. IPqftddtSotkenXnl\, Zltqkfronkt[qkqcorenkdtli_l dnft, lt qkl\ qkl\ tkotgnor_ btfnYnl\, Zlt e ltda, Zlt to Ytgtirl r cqfnql, tlotk_lk_ bftVt, n qkfr kfrLetd dotYt, lt Klt fr[t kgtqYt itcn g^Xtg, fr[t, cqTklgrlqf\ot, tZqo\ VtitLqq tlotLqorq.

@Zqo\ t dotYtd dtSql kenXnl\ agqfrZqorq XinZetg: t krf\otd inctklotd acrgfqorr rfr actgtf\klgrr, t krf\o^V bqiqSrgnor_V rfr t ltd, Zlt Zqftgqe abtliq[f_ql oqetlti^q fqeniklgn rfr onietlrer (dnirVanon, etenro).

6aSqorq XinZetg: Zqftgqe inXcinSqo, Xft[qo rfr birordnql onietlrer lrbn dtiNr_, Yqitron.

)tYcn XinZer krf\ot «cqiYnQlk_» — rdqqlk_ orklnYd, Klt birXone tb\_oqor_. qd krf\oqq orklnYd, lqd krf\oqq tb\_oqorq.

;nTef+icSrf\(1972, 1976) rciaYrqrkkfqctgnlqfrkZrlnQl, ZltrotYcn dotYrq inkPqorgnQl ZiqXdqio^T Xirlqf\o^T etolnel ene Sqfnorq:

btenXnl\ kgtq oqagnSqorq;

aorXrl\;

btenXnl\nYiqkkrQ, Sqfnorqbiqkfqctgnl\(aktliacoretgbtfrPrr);

btcZqieoal\ kgtq biqgtkVtcklgt rfr fQ[tb^lklgt;

btcZqieoal\onXtTfrg^Trolqiqk(Sqfln_biqkkn, Saionfrkl^) rl.c.

/qctklnltZo^T Xirlqf\o^T etolnel:

oqSqfnorq t[Onl\k_;

oqgordnorq;

oqrkeiqootkl\;

fSrgtkl\, kei^lotkl\;

bit_gfqorq XnklqoZrgtklr r l.c.

I lt Sq giqd_ ZiqXdqiotq Xirlqf\otq gordnorq dtSql [^l\ t[akftgfqot t[klt_lqf\klgndr, etYcn t[OnQOrTk_ rolqiqkqo ene kt[qkqcore, XnlinYrgnql nelanf\o^q cf_ ciaYtYt Zqftgqen lqd^, fQcr onVtc_lk_ on [tf\Ltd inkklt_orr ciaY tl ciaYn, Xngrkrd^ ciaY tl ciaYn rfr gfQ[- fqo^ r l.c.

@[OnQOrqk_ kgtc_l Xirlqf\o^T etolnel e drordada, qkfr tor onVtc_lk_ i_ctd, kbqLnl, tcotYt rX orV oq rolqiqkaql lqdn inXYtgtin r iqnePrr kt[qkqcoren, tcro rdqql [tfqq g^kterT klnlak, n ciaYtT g itfr bitk_OqYt rfr XngrkrdtYt, tor tlotk_lk_ ciaY e ciaYa [qX krdbnlrr r l.c.

91

a[^ r itl. Cftlot kSnl^q Ya[^ r klrkoal^q Xa[^ kgrcqlqf\klgaQl t iqLrlqf\otklr, onkltTZrgtklr; bftlot Xnei^l^T itl — t Pqfqakliqdfqootklr r lgqictklr. @lei^l^T itl Ytgtirl t krf\otd oqtSrcnootd acrgfqorrrfrtkorSqorrbkrVrZqketTnelrgotklrgoqetlti^VkfaZn_V.

)itdq ltYt, onc gqiVoqT Ya[tT bir gtfoqorr dtYal bt_gf_l\k_ enbqf\er btln, n gqilrenf\o^q kefncer Ytgti_l t oqctklnlenV Ytidtotg r gtXinklq; KdtPrtonf\otq onbi_Sqorq rXdqo_ql teinkea frPn, biqScq gkqYt btc orSoqT Ya[tT. Cqiqk^Vnorq iln (t[frX^gnorq Ya[) — birXone [qkbtetTklgn r klinVn, klqbqo\ kSnlr_ r Ntidn Ya[ ene bqig^q bit_gfqor_ oqctgqir_ g^inSnQl KdtPrtonf\otq tlotLqorq Zqftgqen e krlanPrr t[Oqor_.

Cireak^gnorq_X^eng^inSnqlkliqdfqorqrX[qSnl\btkbqLotYtg^- kenX^gnor_ rfr bit_gfqor_ kgtrV Zagklg, oq bit[tflnl\k_, kliqdfqorq ktgfncnl\ kt[tT. 6fqYen g^kaoal^T _X^e, Yaf_QOrT — kliqdfqorq gkbtdorl\ Zlt-lt rfr dnekrdnf\ot ktkiqctltZrl\k_, tktXonl\.

@kt[qoot g^inXrlqf\o^ aYtfer iln, tor dtYal g^inXrl\ akdqLea, ritorQ, dtYal [^l\ nkrddqlirZo^ bir bqiqoqkqoo^V rokaf\lnV, tor tbakenQlk_ bir kei^ltT cqbiqkkrr, t[inXa_ Yfa[terq kefncer, r tZqo\ _iet VninelqirXaQl lneSq gtXinkl Zqftgqen.

6dqV dtSot tloqklr r e frPa, r e Ytftka. ;^ Ytgtird: «kdqQOqqk_ frPt», «YitderT kdqV». 6dqV [^gnql gqkqf^T, [qXXn[tlo^T, YfaVtT, rklqirZqkerT, ritorZo^T (einkotiqZrgt g^inSnql bkrVtKdtPrtonf\otq ktklt_orq Zqftgqen).

/tk. 1nXcagnorq ei^f\qg otkn bitrkVtcrl bir gtX[aScqorr, bqiqSrgnor_V a lqdbqindqolo^V fQcqT k krf\o^dr Zagklgndr, rklrootT klinkl\Q, [tf\LtT SrXoqootT krftT. /ndtiOqoo^T otk g^inSnql oqctgtf\klgt, oqbir_lo^q tOaOqor_, XnbnVr, a SqoOro Znklt — rX[nftgnootkl\, enbirX^.

Cir tbiqcqfqoo^V t[klt_lqf\klgnV, etYcn kt[qkqcore VtitLrT «nelqi» rVtZqlkei^l\kgtrZagklgn, qYtfrPtdtSqlklnl\dnftroNtidnlrg- o^d, n lqft — Yfngo^d rkltZoretd roNtidnPrr cf_ bniloqin. CtKltda g t[Oqorr gnSot Xonl\ t ltd, eneaQ roNtidnPrQ dtSot btfaZrl\, qkfr bqiqoqklr Nteak on[fQcqor_ k frPn Zqftgqen on qYt lqft: Sqkl^, btX^, cgrSqor_. CinelrZqker gkq fQcr k onetbfqorqd tb^ln t[Oqor_ adqQl VtitLt btordnl\ _X^e lqfn.

$tbtdrdren — Klt ftenfrXnPr_ drdrer r Sqkltg ZqftgqZqketYt lqfn g inXfrZo^V qYt Znkl_V, ton dotYtq dtSql kenXnl\ bir gordnlqf\- otd on[fQcqorr:

t[ Kloteaf\laiotd bitrkVtScqorr Zqftgqen;

XonZrdtklr bitPqkkn t[Oqor_ cf_ bniloqitg;

t[ tlotLqorr Zqftgqen e bitPqkka t[Oqor_;

t[ KdtPrtonf\otd r NrXrZqketd ktklt_orr bniloqin.

8grSqor_ iae bir ciaSqketT [qkqcq kgt[tco^, Sqklreaf_Pr_ ctbtfo_ql r akrfrgnql KNNqel kenXnootYt. Cir oqYnlrgotd ktcqiSnorr inX-

92

Ytgtin cf_ etYt-lt cgrSqor_ iae dtYal [^l\ ketgno^, g^inSqorq frPn oqbirgqlfrgt, Xnei^lt.

« nei^l^q» btX^ (etYcn Zqftgqe ene-lt b^lnqlk_ Xnei^l\ bqiqcoQQ Znkl\lqfnrXno_l\enedtSotdqo\Lqdqklngbitklinoklgq; «onbtfqtotgken_ btXn» — klt_, iaer keiqOqo^ on Yiacr, r krc_, t[q iaer abrinQlk_ g btc[titcte, rl.b.) gtkbirordnQlk_enebtX^oqctgqir_, oqktYfnkr_, bitlrgtcqTklgr_, eirlrer rfr cnSq klinVn bqiqc bniloqitd.

«@lei^l^q» btX^ (klt_, iaer inkei^l^ fncto_dr ggqiV, krc_, iaer inkeroal^, otYrg^l_oal^) gtkbirordnQlk_enebtX^ctgqir_, ktYfnkr_, ct[itSqfnlqf\otklr. $ne Sq _kot Zrlnqd^ btX^ inXcad\_ (btXn itcqotgketYt d^kfrlqf_), btX^ eirlrZqketT tPqoer (iaen btc btc[titcetd, aenXnlqf\o^T bnfqP g^l_oal gctf\ grken).

/qt[Vtcrdt lneSq aZrl^gnl\ etfrZqklgt Sqklreaf_PrT. /qkdtli_ on Kloteaf\laio^q r YqtYinNrZqkerq inXfrZr_, gqXcq rV etfrZqklgt r rolqokrgotkl\ inklal gdqklq k gtXinklnorqd KdtPrtonf\otT gtX[acrdtklr Zqftgqen, qYt gXgtfotgnootklr. ItXinklnql rolqokrgotkl\ Sqklreaf_Prr bir gtXoreotgqorr _X^etg^V r ciaYrV [ni\qitg t[Oqor_.

6d^kf tlcqf\o^V Sqkltg inXfrZqo g inXo^V eaf\lainV. $ne, onbirdqi, ergte YtftgtT gbqiqc g oqetlti^V klinonV, g ltd Zrkfq r a onk, tXonZnql «cn», n g iqPrr, tfYnirr — «oql». 6ftgt «oql» etq-Ycq g^- inSnQl, tlerc^gn_ Ytftga onXnc.

@lotLqorq Zqftgqen e bniloqia, qYt ktklt_orq g krlanPrr t[Oqor_, oqktdoqoot, kg_Xno^ k btXndr r inkklt_orqd dqSca t[OnQOrdrk_ fQc\dr. @or ctgtf\ot roNtidnlrgo^ r Znklt Ytgti_l t[ KdtPrtonf\- otd ktklt_orr, tlotLqorr e bitPqkka t[Oqor_, klqbqor agqiqootklr g qYt iqXaf\lnlrgotklr.

CtX^, rV XonZqorq r kd^kf dtYal [^l\ bingrf\ot rolqibiqlritgno^ fQ[^d Xcingtd^kf_Ord Zqftgqetd.

CtVtcen _gf_qlk_ tcord rX YfngoqTLrV etdbtoqoltg e btordnorQ goaliqooqYt ktklt_or_ Zqftgqen, bt oqT dtSot tZqo\ dotYtq aXonl\ (btf, gtXinkl, onklitqorq, btkbqLotkl\, NrXrZqketq ktklt_orq — aklnftkl\, [tcitkl\, lqdbqindqol). $ne, kndn_«l_Sqfn_» btVtcen— birYoqgq, kndn_ [tf\Ln_ cfron LnYn — bir kndtctgtf\otklr, Ytictklr. )tYcn Zqftgqe rkb^l^gnql klincnorq, to btZlr oq inXdnVrgnql iaendr, tor «grk_l», n qkfr to kZnklfrg — to «fqlrl», a oqYt [tfqq fqYerq r Znkl^q LnYr.

CtVtcen klitYt rocrgrcanf\on, r bt oqT dtSot aXonl\ Zqftgqen, oq grc_ qYt frPn. (dqoot btKltda bir etokbrinlrgo^V cqTklgr_V g bqigaQ tZqiqc\ b^lnQlk_ giqdqoot rXdqorl\ oq ltf\et frPt r tcqSca, ot r btVtcea, etltin_ _gf_qlk_ tkotgtT lqdbqindqoln enSctYt Zqftgqen, btXgtf_QOqT qYt aXonl\.

IXnrdotq gfr_orq t[OnQOrVk_kltito ciaYonciaYn (rolqinelrgon_ kltiton t[Oqor_). +onfrX rolqinelrgotT kltito^ t[Oqor_ biqcklngf_ql tbiqcqfqooaQ kftSotkl\. Itt[Oq inXcqfqorq liqV kltito t[Oq-

93

or_ — etddaorenlrgotT, bqiPqblrgotT r rolqinelrgotT — gtXdtSot ltf\et ene nonfrlrZqkerT birqd. I cqTklgrlqf\otklr oqf\X_ g^cqfrl\ «ZrklaQ» etddaorenPrQ[qXgtkbir_lr_rgXnrdtcqTklgr_, rfr«Zrkltq» gtkbir_lrq. )ne btXonorq ciaYtYt g t[Oqorr, lne r gtXcqTklgrq on oqYt gkqYcn etdbfqekotq gXnrdtcqTklgrq, r gkq qYt kltito^ gXnrdtkg_Xno^, gXnrdtXngrkrd^ r oqtlcqfrd^ ciaY tl ciaYn. /t qkfr etddaorenPr_ r gtkbir_lrq qOq ene-lt lqtiqlrZqker btccnQlk_ tlcqfqorQ tl «PqftYt», lt g^Zfqoqorq kndtklt_lqf\otT rolqinelrgotklr gXnrdtcqTklgr_ [qX bqiPqbPrr binelrZqker oqgtXdtSot.

1nkkdnlirgnqd^q kltito^ t[Oqor_ ktcqiSnl dotYt t[OqYt, r lnetq inXcqfqorq _gf_qlk_ g enetT-lt klqbqor akftgo^d. onor_ KlrV kltito btXgtf_l tbqinlrgorea rkbtf\Xtgnl\ gkq gtXdtSotklr YindtlotYt nonfrXn t[Oqor_ k YinScnondr. ;otYtq Xngrkrl tl adqor_ ktliacoren btfrPrr iqNfqekritgnl\, rcqolrNrPritgnl\, qYt kbtkt[otklr e ktbqiqSrgnorQ r nllinePrr.

I iqnf\otd ktliacorZqklgq tbqinlrgoren k YinScnondr tcon krlanPr_ btklt_oot bqiqVtcrl g ciaYaQ Xn kZql ltYt, Zlt t[OnQOrqk_ kltito^ oq ltf\et btXonQl krlanPrQ, ot r nelrgot cqTklgaQl on oqq kndr, NtidriaQl qq. CtKltda qkfr etoeiqlot inkkdnlirgnl\ t[Oqorq tbqinlrgoren k YinScnondr, lt bir Kltd enSctq otgtq rV cqTklgrq ktXcnql otgaQ krlanPrQ, etltin_ dtSql bitctfSnl\ klniaQ, n dtSql r dqo_l\ qq, bir[frSnl\ e iqLqorQ btklngfqootT Pqfr rfr tlcnf_l\.

!lr on[fQcqor_ d^ t[tXonZrfr kfqcaQOrd t[inXtd: @bqinlrgore YinScnoro = otgn_ krlanPr_ klnin_ krlanPr_ Pqf\.

dqorq bingrf\ot cqTklgtgnl\ g inXfrZo^V krlanPr_V t[Oqor_ k onkqfqorqd ktkltrl g adqorr aXongnl\ rV r gqklr kq[_ bir Kltd kttlgqlklgqoot lne, Zlt[^ bingrf\ot iqLrl\ btklngfqoo^q tkotgo^q XncnZr. /qbingrf\otq tbiqcqfqorq krlanPrr r oqbingrf\otq qq inXgrlrq dtYal birgqklr e oqacnZq g iqLqorr btklngfqoo^V PqfqT r XncnZ r [qXakbqLotklr cq_lqf\otklr tbqinlrgoren. lt Sq enknqlk_ bingrf\otYt btordnor_ krlanPrT r ncqegnlotYt btgqcqor_ g orV, lt tor g [tf\Lroklgq kfaZnqg birgtc_l e akbqVa, btfaZqorQ actgfqlgtiqor_ tl ktliacorZqklgn, ctklrSqorQ PqfqT r XncnZ, btclgqiScqorQ tkotgo^V gqikrT r YrbtlqX bir inkkfqctgnorr.

I bkrVtftYrr rolqinelrgon_ kltiton t[Oqor_ g^cqf_ql lq qYt etdbtoqol^, etlti^q kg_Xno^ k nelrgo^d gXnrdtgfr_orqd r gXnrdtcqTklgrqd fQcqT, k oqbtkiqcklgqootT tiYnorXnPrqT rV ktgdqklotT cq_lqf\otklr.

kfr inkkdnlirgnl\ onL tb^l in[tl^, lt Yfngotq onbingfqorq akrfrT tbqinlrgoren r onkqfqor_ rcql g kltitoa btfaZqor_ roNtidnPrr cf_ inkei^lr_ biqklabfqor_. @conet dtcqf\ gXnrdtcqTklgr_ tbqinlrgoren k YinScnondr g^Yf_crl on onLqd dnlqirnfq inXott[inXot g inXfrZo^V krlanPr_V.

94

(otYcn [^gnql, Zlt dqSca kltitondr rcql [ti\[n, lne ene enSc^T VtZql ct[rl\k_ kgtqYt iqXaf\lnln g Xngrkrdtklr tl Pqfr. ;tlrgnPrr btgqcqor_ XnZnklaQ oq ktgbncnQl (kVqdn 1).

@bqinlrgore

inScnoro

6Vqdn 1. (olqinelrgotq t[Oqorq bir gXnrdotd cngfqorr ciaY on ciaYn

@conet g Kltd ktliacorZqklgq inXotkl\ PqfqT r dtlrgtg t[qrV kltito — Klt oq [ti\[n, n cqTklgrlqf\ot kgtqt[inXotq gXnrdtcqTklgrq g bitPqkkqt[Oqor_, Vtl_enSc^TbiqkfqcaqlkgtretoqZo^qPqfr. IkliqZnfrk\ g onLqT binelreq lnerq krlanPrr, etYcn cqTklgr_ bniloqitg oqingo^ bt krfq rfr onbingfqo^ on rXdqoqorq bti_cen ktbtcZroqor_ — tcro «cngrl» kgqiVa, ciaYtT oq ktbitlrgf_qlk_, btordn_ etoqZoaQ Pqf\, r l.b. !ln krlanPr_ t[tXonZqon on kVqdq 2.

@bqinlrgore

inScnoro

6Vqdn 2. (olqinelrgotq t[Oqorq bir cngfqorr kgqiVa

IkliqZnfrk\ krlanPrr, etYcn tbqinlrgore r YinScnoro ciaY ciaYtd abingf_fr, cqiYn_ Xn oqgrcrd^q orltZer r g^X^gn_ ciaY a ciaYn Sqfnqd^q iqnePrr (kVqdn 3).

@bqinlrgore

inScnoro

6Vqdn 3. (olqinelrgotq t[Oqorq bir gXnrdtgfr_orr

IkliqZnfrk\ kfaZnr cqTklgr_ bniloqitg «Xntcot» r qOq inXott[- inXo^q gnirnol^ g Xngrkrdtklr tl frZotklr YinScnoron, dtlrgtg qYt ktliacorZqklgn k @I8 r frZotklr tbqinlrgoren.

$nerd t[inXtd, dtSot kcqfnl\ g^gtc, Zlt inXott[inXrq dtcqfqT gXnrdtcqTklgr_ inXfrZo^V kltito t[Oqor_ r rV rolqinelrgotkl\ btdtYnQl aklnotgrl\ rklroa t bniloqiq r g etoqZotd kZqlq KNNqelrgot gfr_l\ tbqinlrgorea on YinScno.

Cirt[OqorrkYinScnondrrViqZ\, lqd[iYtftkn, btX^, drdrea, Sqk- l^, btVtcea, gtkbirordnqd^q g qcrotd etdbfqekq, oqt[Vtcrdt btcgqiYnl\lOnlqf\otdaon[fQcqorQrYfa[tetdanonfrXa. onor_KlrVtkt[qootklqToqgqi[nf\otTcrnYotklrerdtYalbtkfaSrl\tbqinlrgorearoklia-

95

dqoltdkndtklt_lqf\otTbiqcgnirlqf\otTka["qelrgotTtPqoergtXdtSotklqTrkbtkt[otklqTYinScno, ctbirdqoqor_lqkltgrkftSo^Vdqltcre bkrVtftYtd, cf_ tl[tin r rkbtf\Xtgnor_ onkqfqor_ g btdtO\ btfrPrr.

;tinf\ot-oingklgqoon_ kltiton t[Oqor_ r gfr_orq etddaorenlrg- o^VenZqklg, onklitqor_, KdtPrT rgtfrtbqinlrgoretgonKNNqelrgotkl\ t[Oqor_ k YinScnondr. I^_gfqoo^q ondr bir Kekbqirdqolnf\ot-bkrVt- ftYrZqketd rkkfqctgnorr cnoo^q bkrVtftYrZqkerV btiliqltg tbqinlrgoretg r YinScno Ytgti_l t ltd, Zlt keftootkl\ tbqinlrgoretg e ctdroritgnorQ ctfSon etolitfritgnl\k_. +NNqelrgot-etddaorenlrgo^q KdtPrtonf\o^q_gfqor_, tkt[qootkliqkk^, oqiqcetkl\gbitNqkkrtonf\- otT cq_lqf\otklr tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg, SrXo\ etlti^V gkqYcn ktbi_Sqon k irketd bir gkliqZq k gttiaSqoo^d biqklaboretd rfr bitklt k nYiqkkrgotT ltfbtT.

(otYcn YinScnoq ltSq dtYal [^l\ gefQZqo^ g irketgnoo^q tbqinPrr, etYcn Kltl irke tbingcno. I KlrV krlanPr_V tbqinlrgore ctfSqo bit_gf_l\ dnekrdad inkbtftSqor_ bt tlotLqorQ e YinScnond, Zlt[^ oq g^X^gnl\ g orV tlirPnlqf\o^V KdtPrT [6—12]:

bir gklabfqorr g etolnel k YinScnondr oqt[Vtcrdt kfqcrl\ Xn g^- inSqorqd frPn — tot ctfSot [^l\ birgqlfrg^d, af^[Zrg^d, Ytltg^d gtkbiro_l\ Qdti r knlria;

g Pqftd btenXnl\ Sqfnorq ct[itSqfnlqf\ot tlotkrl\k_ e YinScnond, tct[i_l\ rV, onketf\et Klt gtXdtSot;

bit_gf_l\ btordnorq inXiqLnqd^V bit[fqd r g^inSnl\ [fnYtcniotkl\ Xn bitcqfnooaQ in[tla r ct[^laQ roNtidnPrQ;

oq btenX^gnl\ oqctgtf\klgn r biqoq[iqSqor_ btfaZqootT roNtidnPrqT r oq aenX^gnl\ on qq bitlrgtiqZrgtkl\ r oqctklnltZotkl\;

etolitfritgnl\ r onbingf_l\ Vtc kt[^lrT, [^l\ g^cqiSnoo^d, oqYia[^d, rX[qYnl\kbtitg, [^l\dnekrdnf\otlqibqfrg^drbirgqlfrg^d;

bttOi_l\ dtlrg^, bt[aScnQOrq tenX^gnl\ btdtO\ k^kea;

bqirtcrZqkert[inOn_k\eYinScnondkbitk\[tTtbiqctklngfqorr aSq rXgqklotT k^kea roNtidnPrr g Pqf_V bitgqier qq oncqSotklr, rX[qYnl\ gtbitktg, etlti^q g^X^gnQl XndqLnlqf\klgt YinScno rfr tketi[f_Ql rV Zagklgt kt[klgqootYt ctkltroklgn, KlorZqkerq r onPrtonf\o^q tkt[qootklr, lincrPrr r oing^;

bt XngqiLqorr btfaZqor_ roNtidnPrr ctYtgnirgnl\k_ tlotkrlqf\ot aklnotgfqor_ btkfqcaQOrV gkliqZ, aZrl^gn_ biqcbtZlrlqf\- o^q cf_ YinScno dqklt r giqd_ r ciaYrq akftgr_;

oqgqklrXnbrkrgtgiqd_[qkqc^, cqfnl\rVkinXaSqbtkfqtetoZnor_ gkliqZr k rXftSqorqd btfaZqootT roNtidnPrr r aenXnorqd frPn, tl etltitYt ton btklabrfn;

btfaZqoon_ g bitPqkkq ktliacorZqklgn roNtidnPr_ ctfSon bitgqi_l\k_rZqiqXciaYrqrkltZorer, g^klabn_eirlqirqdoncqSotklrkgqcqorT, kt[inoo^V YinScnorotd, ot to oq ctfSqo Xonl\ t[ Kltd.

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tltgotkl\ e birdqoqorQ oingklgqoot abiqZo^V (oq[qXabiqZo^V) dqltctg gltiSqor_ g ZnkloaQ SrXo\ YinScno. !ln tkt[qootkl\ @18 liq- [aql tl tbqinlrgoretg r YinScno, ktliacorZnQOrV bt etolinela, lnerV enZqklg, ene kei^lotkl\ r dnftt[Orlqf\otkl\. !lr enZqklgn liq[aQlk_ bir bitgqcqorr oqetlti^V grctg @1; r tl etoNrcqoltg, onbirdqi, bir birdqoqorrlneonX^gnqd^VroliaXrgo^Vdqltctg(gltiSqorqgZnkloaQ SrXo\ YinScno). Cir bitgqcqorr dqitbir_lrT bt bitkfaLrgnorQ lqfqNtoo^V bqiqYtgtitg inXin[nl^gnqdtYt frPn rotYcn gtXdtSot oqbiqcondqiqootq bitkfaLrgnorq bqiqYtgtitg frP, oqbirZnklo^V e ktgqiLqorQ biqklabfqor_ (itcklgqoorer, ciaX\_, cqlr, kqeiqlnir, ktkfaSrgP^ r ci.). I KlrV kfaZn_V t["qelrgot tYinorZrgnQlk_ r oniaLnQlk_ etoklrlaPrtoo^qbingnaenXnoo^VfrP. CirbitgqcqorrlnerVdqitbir_lrT rXfrLo__ tlei^ltkl\ r t[Orlqf\otkl\ kt kltito^ YinScno r tbqinlrgoretg oq liq[aQlk_.

1rketgnootkl\ bitNqkkrtonf\otYt t[Oqor_. !lt t[klt_lqf\klgt biqc"_gf_ql kbqPrNrZqkerq liq[tgnor_ e frZotklr tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg r YinScno, aZnklgaQOrV g bitgqcqorr @1; (tbqinlrgotd goqciqorr r ci.), — ktVino_l\ t[Orlqf\otkl\, inketgnootkl\, adqorq birdqorl\ gqi[nf\o^q r oqgqi[nf\o^q Ntid^ etddaorenPrr g akftgr_V l_-

Sqf^V oqigot-bkrVrZqkerV onYiaXte, aYitX^ SrXor r Xctitg\Q. 1qLqorq KltT XncnZr liq[aql tl ktliacoretg r oqetltitT enlqYtirr YinScno oqXnai_cotT etddaorenlrgotklr: adqor_ aklnongfrgnl\ etolnel^, Zlt[^ ak^brl\ [crlqf\otkl\ bitlrgtbtftSotT kltito^ t[Oqor_, gfncqor_ Ntidndr oqgqi[nf\otT etddaorenPrr cf_ btfaZqor_ r bqiqcnZr oaSotT roNtidnPrr on inkklt_orr.

CkrVtftYrZqken_ ktklngf_QOn_ liq[tgnorT bt t[OqorQ, biqc"- _gf_qd^V e ktliacorend btfrPrr, rdqql [tf\Ltq XonZqorq cf_ inkei^- lr_ biqklabfqorT. CiqScq gkqYt, tkaOqklgf_QOrq itX^ke ktliacorer ctfSo^ Xonl\ dotSqklgt kbtkt[tg aklnotgfqor_ etddaorenlrgo^V enonftg — rkltZoretg oqt[VtcrdtT rd roNtidnPrr g indenV Xneton. 8f_ inXgrlr_ KlrV ong^etg oqt[Vtcrd^ oq ltf\et tb^l, Xonor_, adqor_, ot r gfncqorq oqgqi[nf\o^dr dqltcndr etddaorenPrr bir ct[^gnorr kei^gnqdtT roNtidnPrr. !ltYt liq[aQl r tkt[^q akftgr_ liacn, kg_Xnoo^q k irketd cf_ SrXor r Xctitg\_.

(XaZqorq Xnetotcnlqf\o^V tkotg ktliacorZqklgn tbqinlrgoren k YinScnondr btXgtfrft g^cqfrl\ Yiabb^ bkrVtftYrZqkerV enZqklg, etlti^qoqt[Vtcrd^rdcf_akbqLotYttkaOqklgfqor_nYqolaiotTin[tl^.

CkrVtYinddn YinScno, etlti^V dtSot ctbaklrl\ e aZnklrQ g bitgqcqorr tbqinlrgot-inX^keo^V dqitbir_lrT, gefQZnql kliaelairitgnoo^T bqiqZqo\ bkrVtftYrZqkerV enZqklg, etlti^dr tor ctfSo^ t[fncnl\ g bitPqkkq ktliacorZqklgn k tbqinlrgo^d ktliacoretd. Cir Kltd g tkotgotd g dqltcrZqkerV iqetdqocnPr_V g^cqfqo^ bkrVtftYrZqkerq enZqklgn oqgqi[nf\otYt t[Oqor_, etlti^q tbqinlrgore dtSql g^_grl\

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a YinScno kndtklt_lqf\ot. !lt dtYal kcqfnl\ ene tZqo\ t[Orlqf\o^q, lne r dnftt[Orlqf\o^q ktliacorer, etlti^q oaSo^ bir bitgqcqorr tlcqf\o^V @1;.

Cir bitgqcqorr biqcgnirlqf\otYt KekbqilotYt tbitkn tbqinlrgo^q ktliacorer on bqigtq bt gnSotklr dqklt g^oqkfr etddaorenlrgo^q enZqklgn. CtKltdagKekbqirdqolnf\otdrkkfqctgnorrrXftSqo^iqXaf\lnl^ rXaZqor_etddaorenlrgo^VenZqklgaktliacoretgrYinScnoKekbqirdqo- lnf\ot-bkrVtftYrZqkerdr dqltcndr lqklritgnor_, etlti^q btXgtfrfr inXin[tlnl\ kt[klgqoo^q dqltcrZqkerq iqetdqocnPrr cf_ t[aZqor_ eaiknoltgrktliacoretg(ntorgkgtQtZqiqc\YinScno) rkcqfnl\kfqcaQOrq g^gtc^:

1.CtbkrVtftYrZqkerdVninelqitftYrZqkerdtkt[qootkl_dtkotgon_ Znkl\tbqinlrgo^VktliacoretgbtfrPrrnYiqkkrgo^, ngltirlnio^, gfnkl- o^, btctXirlqf\o^. !lr ktliacorer tlfrZnQlk_ kliqdfqorqd e frcqiklga. Ct dqltcreq rir, bt Lenfnd KYtrklrZotkl\ r ctdroritgnorq — btcZroqorq onr[tf\Lqq Zrkft frP g^_gfqot kiqcr tbqinlrgoretg — 55%; ngltirlniotkl\ r nYiqkkrgotkl\ — 45; btctXirlqf\otkl\ — 40, ciaSqfQ[otkl\ — 30, ciaSqfQ[rq — nYiqkkrgotkl\ — 25, nf\liarklrZotkl\ — 40, btcZro_qdtkl\ — 15 r Xngrkrdtkl\ — 10%.

2.I tbqinlrgo^q ktliacorer kliqd_lk_ btbnkl\ frZotklr, rdqQOrq lq bkrVtftYrZqkerq CI), etlti^q kttlgqlklgaQl liq[tgnor_d bitNqkkrr. I^_gfqoo^q g bitPqkkq rkkfqctgnor_ a tbqinlrgoretg nYiqkkrgotkl\, tirqolnPr_ on kq[_, btctXirlqf\otkl\, keftootkl\ e ctdroritgnorQkttlgqlklgaQlliq[tgnor_dbitNqkkrr, etltin_kg_XnonkXngqctdtT etoNfreltYqootkl\QbitNqkkrtonf\o^VgXnrdttlotLqorT— t[Oqorqd k lnetT enlqYtirqT onkqfqor_, ene bingtoniaLrlqfr: a[rTP^, dtLqoorer, gti^, gX_ltZorerrci., ketlti^drrdbirVtcrlk_Znklt[titl\k_, n rotYcn r XnOrOnl\k_ tl orV.

3.6iqcr YinScno, ktliacorZnQOrV bt etolinela, g^_gfqot [tf\Lq fQcqT, tlfrZnQOrVk_ ct[itSqfnlqf\otkl\Q, nf\liarklrZotkl\Q. !lr enZqklgn Ytgti_l t[ rV tirqolritgnootklr on biro_lrq ciaYtT kltito^ t[Oqor_ (bt Lenfq qT_), lne ene a orV tlkalklgaql etoNfreltYqootkl\ gt gXnrdttlotLqor_V. @or dtYal bir t[Oqorr etdbqokritgnl\ oqctklnler, rdqQOrqk_ a tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg btfrPrr. YinScno lneSq g^_gfqo g^kterT aitgqo\ ciaSqfQ[otklr (75%), nf\liarklrZotklr (65%), ciaSqfQ[r_ — nYiqkkrgotklr (55%). $netq enZqklgt, ene Xn-

grkrdtkl\, btenXnfr 40%, btcZro_qdtkl\ g^_gfqon a 35%, KYtrklrZotkl\ r ctdroritgnorq — btcZroqorq — a 20%. Ct cnoo^d dqltcrer dqSfrZotklotYt t[Oqor_ rir, tor btcVtc_l cf_ cqftgtYt ktliacorZqklgn r t[aZqor_ kt kltito^ tbqinlrgoretg.

4. 1qXaf\lnl^, btfaZqoo^qbtdqltcreq onTcqin, Ytgti_ltltd, Zlt [tf\Lroklgttbqinlrgo^Vktliacoretgt[fncnQlkiqcordaitgoqdetddaorenlrgotYt etolitf_, etlti^T bir t[Oqorr _gf_qlk_ onr[tfqq tb-

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lrdnf\o^d. I^kterTaitgqo\etddaorenlrgotYtetolitf_, g^_gfqoo^T a YinScno, gt dotYrV krlanPr_V dtSql [^l\ [ni\qitd cf_ KNNqelrgotYt t[Oqor_, g^X^gn_ onbi_Sqorq gkfqcklgrq oqt[Vtcrdtklr btklt_ootYt etolitf_ kgtrV KdtPrT r btgqcqor_.

5.Ct dqltcreq qT_, a YinScno g^_gfqo kiqcorT aitgqo\ biro_lr_ ciaYrV k lqocqoPrqT e korSqorQ, a tbqinlrgoretg tldqZnqlk_ lqocqoPr_ kiqcoqYt aitgo_ e btg^LqorQ, Zlt tbiqcqf_ql etddaorenlrgo^q enZqklgn ktliacoretg ene itgo^q, gXgqLqoo^q r ncqegnlo^q. 6iqcr tbqinlrgoretg lneSq g^_gfqo^ 14,3% frP k orXerd aitgoqd biro_lr_ ciaYtYt Zqftgqen, Zlt kg_Xnot k bitNqkkrtonf\otT onkltitSqootkl\Q, etltin_ t[_X^gnql rV [^l\ Ytltg^dr et gk_erd nYiqkkrgo^d iqnePr_d, t[dnoa r dtLqoorZqkerd cqTklgr_d kt kltito^ nktPrnf\otT Znklr onkqfqor_. ;otSqklgt inXfrZo^V @1; liq[aQl onfrZr_ a ktliacoretg btfrPrr r lnerV enZqklg.

6.Cir crnYotklreq aitgo_ KdtPrtonf\o^V [ni\qitg g dqSfrZotklotd t[Oqorr a YinScno g^_gfqo rV g^kterT aitgqo\ — 68,8%. I cnf\-

oqTLqd tor oaScnQlk_ g bitgqcqorr k ordr bkrVtliqoroYtgtT in[tl^, onbingfqootT on biqtctfqorq KlrV [ni\qitg.

7. 6iqcr ktliacoretg @I8 g^kterT aitgqo\ KdtPrtonf\o^V [ni\- qitg t[oniaSqo gkqYt a 16,2%, tor ltSq oaScnQlk_ g bitgqcqorr t[- aZnQOqT in[tl^. /rXerTaitgqo\ KdtPrtonf\o^V [ni\qitg a 15,2%. !lt frPn, a etlti^V gtXdtSot bftVt inXgrl^ kbtkt[otklr e iqNfqekrr (grcql\ kq[_ kt kltito^, k btXrPrr kt[qkqcoren). @conet g @18 dotYt tbq- inlrgot-inX^keo^V dqitbir_lrT, bir tkaOqklgfqorr etlti^V Klr ktliacorer dtYal [^l\ rkbtf\Xtgno^, ktYfnkot liq[tgnor_d bitNqkkrr, biqc"_gf_qd^d e frZotklr tbqinlrgoren.

8.I^kterT aitgqo\ g^inSqootklr oqgqi[nf\otT etddaorenPrr [^f g^_gfqo a 41,7% tbqinlrgoretg r 10,6% YinScno. @lfrZr_ XonZrd^q. 8noo^T Nnel kgrcqlqf\klgaql t ltd, Zlt Kln Yiabbn tbqinlrgo^V ktliacoretg btfrPrr t[aZqon birqdnd oqgqi[nf\otT etddaorenPrr, n YinScno bir kfaZnq oqt[Vtcrdt t[aZnl\. /n tkotgnorr btfaZqoo^V cnoo^V g dqltcrZqkerV iqetdqocnPr_V cf_ bitgqcqor_ t[aZqor_ tkt[tq gordnorq t[inOqot rdqoot birqdnd oqgqi[nf\otT etddaorenPrr.

9.6tYfnkot nonfrXa cnoo^V bt dqltcreq tPqoer t[Orlqf\otklr I. . 1_VtgketYt, g^kterT aitgqo\ inXgrlr_ t[OqT etddaorenlrgotklr g^_gfqo a 33,4% tbqinlrgoretg r 12% etoNrcqoltg (tlfrZr_ klnlrklrZqkerXonZrd^). !lrcnoo^qYtgti_ltltd, Zltt[Orqbnindqli^t[Orlqf\- otklr tbqinlrgoretg r YinScno onVtc_lk_ birdqiot on tcronetgtd kiqcoqd aitgoq, Vtl_ g^kterT aitgqo\ t[Orlqf\otklr klnlrklrZqker XonZrdtbiqt[fncnqlatbqinlrgoretg, Zltkgrcqlqf\klgaqlt[rVkttlgqlklgrrbtetddaorenlrgo^denZqklgndtkotgo^dliq[tgnor_dbitNqkkrr.

10.Citgqcqoo^q Kekbqirdqolnf\ot-bkrVtftYrZqkerq rkkfqctgnor_ btXgtfrfr inXin[tlnl\ bkrVtftYrZqkerq btiliql^ t[OnQOrVk_ kltito

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