Производственная безопасность основы производственной безопасности. Практикум
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ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.4 |
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ɜɚʋ |
ɟɦɤɨɈɛɴɟɦ |
Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ |
ɬɪɭɊɚɞɢɭɫ |
ɬɪɭɛɨȾɥɢɧɚ |
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ɅȼɀɊɚɫɯɨɞ |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ |
ɪɢɚɧɬɚ |
Ʌȼɀɫɫɬɢ |
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ |
ɦɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ |
ɦɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ |
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ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜ |
ɋɪɚɣɨɧɚ |
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ɦȽɀɢɥɢ |
LîȼîHɦ |
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ɦɜɨɞɟ āɫ± |
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ɗɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ |
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Ⱥɦɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ |
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Ⱥɦɢɥɟɧ |
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Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ Ⱥɂ |
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Ⱥɰɟɬɨɧ |
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ɧ-Ƚɟɤɫɚɧ |
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Ⱥɦɢɥɟɧ |
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Ɇɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ |
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ɗɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ |
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Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ |
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ɧ-Ƚɟɤɫɚɧ |
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ɧɈɤɬɚɧ |
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ɗɬɢɥɟɧɝɥɢɤɨɥɶ |
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Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ Ⱥɂ |
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ɍɚɣɬ ɫɩɢɪɢɬ |
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Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ |
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Ɇɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ |
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Ƚɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ |
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ɍɚɣɬ ɫɩɢɪɢɬ |
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Ⱥɰɟɬɨɧ |
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ɋɬɢɪɨɥ |
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Ƚɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ |
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Ⱥɦɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ |
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ɗɬɢɥɟɧɝɥɢɤɨɥɶ |
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Ʉɟɪɨɫɢɧ ɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢȾɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɚȾɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ©ɝɨɪɸɱɟɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨª ɢ ©ɨɤɢɫɥɢ
ɬɟɥɶªɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢɄɚɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ"
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ"
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɫɚ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ"
ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɧɨɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ Fɢ"ɑɬɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ©ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣª"ȼ ɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨ
ɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɬ ɟ Ⱥ ɨɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ Ȼ"ɂɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɤɥɚ
ɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ"Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ©ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹª
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ ©ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚ ɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ
± ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɵɥɟɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ
± ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɲɚɯɬ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
± ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
± ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
± ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠ ɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɣ
± ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɩɨ ɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ©ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ
ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɉɂɋɈɄ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɨ ɍɱɟɛ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ Ʉ Ɂ ɍɲɚɤɨɜ ɇ Ɉ Ʉɚɥɟɞɢɧɚ Ȼ Ɏ Ʉɢɪɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ Ʉ Ɂ ɍɲɚɤɨɜɚ ± Ɇ ɆȽȽɍ ± ɫ
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɋ ȼ Ȼɟɥɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ Ⱦɟɜɢɫɢɥɨɜ Ⱥ ȼ ɂɥɶɧɢɰɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɪ ± Ɇ ȼɵɫɲ ɲɤ
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɱɟɛ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ Ʉ Ɂ ɍɲɚɤɨɜ ɇ Ɉ Ʉɚɥɟɞɢɧɚ Ȼ Ɏ Ʉɢɪɢɧ Ɇ Ⱥ ɋɪɟɛɧɵɣ ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ Ʉ Ɂ ɍɲɚɤɨɜɚ ± Ɇ ɆȽȽɍ ± ɫ
Ɏɨɦɨɱɤɢɧ Ⱥ ȼ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ± Ɇ ɊȽɍ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɦ ɂ Ɇ Ƚɭɛɤɢɧɚ
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
Ƚɇ ± ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɉȾɄ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ
Ƚɭɬɤɢɧ ȼ ɂ Ɋɨɝɚɥɟɜ ȼ Ⱥ Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɱɟɛ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ± ɋɉɛ ɆȺɇɗȻ ± ɫ
Ʉɢɪɢɧ Ȼ Ɏ Ʉɚɥɟɞɢɧɚ ɇ Ɉ ɋɥɟɩɰɨɜ ȼ ɂ Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ± Ɇ ɆȽȽɍ
ɇɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɇɉȻ ± Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨ ɪɢɣ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɨɛɭɪɶ ɋ ȼ Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɋɩɪɚɜ ± ɟ ɢɡɞ ɞɨɩ ɫ ɢɡɦ ± Ɇ ɉɨɠɤɧɢɝɚ ± ɫ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɉȻ ɭɬɜ Ƚɨɫɝɨɪɬɟɯɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢɜɜɨɞ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ± Ɇ ɁȺɈ ɇɌɐ ɉȻ ±ɫ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣɉȻ ɭɬɜ Ƚɨɫɝɨɪɬɟɯɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɜɨɞ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ± Ɇ ɁȺɈ ɇɌɐ ɉȻ ± ɫ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫ ɧɨɫɬɢ ©ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɚɯɬɚɯª ɭɬɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɭɜɜɨɞ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ± Ɇ ɁȺɈ ɇɌɐ ɉȻ ±ɫ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫ ɧɨɫɬɢ ©ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚ ɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯª ɭɬɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɭ ɜɜɨɞ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ± Ɇ ɁȺɈ ɇɌɐ ɉȻ ± ɫ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
Ʉɚɥɟɞɢɧɚ ɇɢɧɚ Ɉɥɟɝɨɜɧɚ Ɇɚɥɚɲɤɢɧɚ ȼɚɥɟɧɬɢɧɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚ ɋɤɨɩɢɧɰɟɜɚ Ɉɥɶɝɚ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɧɚ ɉɚɜɥɟɧɤɨ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɢɱ Ȼɚɥɨɜɰɟɜ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ Ɂɚɜɢɪɤɢɧɚ Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɚ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɧɚ
ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȿɇɇȺə ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ
Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɂ.ȿ. Ɉɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɬɤɚ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɚɥɢɧɤɢɧɚ
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ |
Ɋɟɝ ʋ |
ɍɱ ɢɡɞ ɥ |
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ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ |
Ɂɚɤɚɡ |
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ |
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ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ©ɆɂɋɢɋªɆɨɫɤɜɚ Ʌɟɧɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ ɬ
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ Ⱦɨɦ ɆɂɋɢɋɆɨɫɤɜɚ Ʌɟɧɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ ɬ Ɍɟɥ
Ɉɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱦɨɦɚ Ɇɂɋɢɋ |
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Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ʌɟɧɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ ɬ |
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ɬɟɥ ɬɟɥ ɮɚɤɫ |
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