Производственная безопасность основы производственной безопасности. Практикум
.pdfɄɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɱɟɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
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Gɬɟɩ ! G |
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ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠ ɧɵɦɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɹɯ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɯɥɚ ɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤȼɬ ȼɨɡɞɭɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜ ɧɟɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɫ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɨɯɥɚ ɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨ ɜɨɤ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɥɟɝɤɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɶ ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɊȼɄ ɢ ȼȼɄ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɯɥɚɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɤȼɬ ɚ ɩɚɪɨɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ Ʉɉɒ ± ɤȼɬ ɤȼɬ ɤɤɚɥ ɱ
ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɭɪɛɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɤȼɬ ɋɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɲɚɯɬɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɭɪɛɨɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɜɵɦɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɦɢ ɯɥɚɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤȼɬ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɯɨ ɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ
ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɦɩɟ ɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɦ tɫɦ ɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ
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Gc Gc t |
ɩɨɪ |
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ɩɨɪ |
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Nɤ |
Gc |
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ɤ |
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ɫc |
Gc ɤ |
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tɫɦ |
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p |
ɤ |
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Gc |
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ɝɞɟ Gc ± ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɝ ɱ
Gc UG ɡɞɟɫɶ U ɤɝ ɦ G ± ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟ ɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦ ɱ
Gɤc ± ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ ɤɝ ɱ Gɤc UGɤ ɡɞɟɫɶ
Gɤ ± ɬɨ ɠɟ ɧɨ ɜ ɦ ɱ Gɤ G ɨɛɵɱɧɨ Gɤ * ɦ ɱ tɩɨɪ ± ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɇ ɋ
Nɤ ± ɯɥɚɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ ɤȼɬ
ccp ± ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ccp ɤȾɠ ɤɝÂ ɋ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.3
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
Ɇɚɪɤɚ |
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɭɫɬɚ |
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ |
ɏɥɚɞɨɩɪɨ |
ɏɥɚɞɨ |
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ɩɪɨɢɡ |
Ɇɚɫɫɚ |
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ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ |
ɧɨɜɤɢ ɬɢɩ |
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ |
ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ |
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ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ |
ɤɝ |
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ɦɚɲɢɧɵ |
ɦɚɲɢɧɵ |
ɦɚɲɢɧɵ |
ɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɤɚɥ ɱ |
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ɧɨɫɬɶ ɤȼɬ |
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ɊȼɄ |
Ɍɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɟ |
ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɤɨɦ |
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ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ |
ɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ |
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ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ |
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Ɍɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɟ |
ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɤɨɦ |
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ȼȼɄ |
ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ |
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ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ |
ɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ |
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ɒɚɯɬɚ ɫɬɚ |
Ⱥɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ |
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ȺȻɏȺ |
ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɧɚ |
ɛɪɨɦɢɫɬɨɥɢɬɢɟɜɵɣ |
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ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ |
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ȼɅ |
Ʌɚɜɚ ɩɟɪɟ |
Ɏɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɵɣ |
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ɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤ |
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Ʉɉɒ ɉ |
Ʌɚɜɚ ɩɟɪɟ |
Ɏɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɵɣ |
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ɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤ |
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Ʉɉɒ |
Ʌɚɜɚ ɩɟɪɟ |
Ɏɨɪɫɭɧɨɱɧɵɣ |
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ɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤ |
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ɒɚɯɬɚ ɫɬɚ |
ɂɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ȺɂɄ |
ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ |
ɮɪɟɨɧɨɜɵɣ |
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ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ |
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ |
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ɒɚɯɬɚ ɫɬɚ |
ɂɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ȺɂɄ |
ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ |
ɮɪɟɨɧɨɜɵɣ |
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ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ |
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ |
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ɒɚɯɬɚ ɫɬɚ |
ɂɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ȺɂɄ |
ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ |
ɮɪɟɨɧɨɜɵɣ |
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ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ |
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ |
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Ⱥ |
ɒɚɯɬɚ ɫɬɚ |
ɂɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ȺɂɄ |
ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ |
ɮɪɟɨɧɨɜɵɣ |
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ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ |
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ |
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ɏɆ |
ɒɚɯɬɚ ɫɬɚ |
ɂɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ |
ɮɪɟɨɧɨɜɵɣ |
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Ɏɍ Ⱦ |
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ |
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ |
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ɒɚɯɬɚ ɫɬɚ |
Ɏɪɟɨɧɨɜɵɣ |
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ɏɆ Ɏɍ |
ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ |
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ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ |
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ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ |
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ɒɚɯɬɚ ɫɬɚ |
ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɚɹ |
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ɆɄɌ |
ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ |
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ɦɚɲɢɧɚ |
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ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ |
ȼɬ ɱ ɤɚɥ |
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Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɸ
tɫɦ ! tɜ
ȿɫɥɢ tɫɦ ! tɜ ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨ ɧɟɪ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ
ȼɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ |
ɤɤɚɥ ɱāɦā & |
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ɫɬ |
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ɧ |
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ɜ |
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ɝɪɚɞɭɫD |
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K |
ɦ ɇ |
Ƚ |
ɱɟɥ n |
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ɦ Ɋ |
ɦ L |
ɦ S |
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ɦ ɫ v |
Nɩɨɬɪ |
ɤȼɬ |
Nɬɪ |
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ɦ |
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ɦ |
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ɋ |
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t |
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ɋɬɜɨɥ |
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ɧ |
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2.5.1. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ |
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Qɥ |
qn ɤȾɠ ɱ |
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2.5.2. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ |
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ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ Ⱦɨɧɛɚɫɫɚ |
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tɩɨɪ |
tɧ |
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H hɧ |
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ɋ |
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Kt PL tɩ tɜ K |
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Ƚɫɬ |
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Qɨɯɥ |
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ɤȾɠ ɱ |
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2.5.3. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɪɨɞ |
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Q |
q v PLK |
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ɤȾɠ ɱ |
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ɨɤ |
R |
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2.5.4. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ |
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Qɫɠ |
GI VLQD |
ɤȾɠ ɱ |
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±±±±±±±±±
©ɧª ± ɥɟɛɟɞɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɡ
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G vS ɦ ɱ |
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2.5.5. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
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ɨɬ ɥɟɛɟɞɤɢ (ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɩɭɫɤ) |
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ɨɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ |
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2.5.6. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɞɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ |
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2.5.7. Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɥ |
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ɤȾɠ ɱ
2.5.8. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ ɛɟɡ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
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ɬɟɩ ɫɪ'tU |
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tɜ±tɬɟɩɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ't |
tɬɟɩ±tɜ |
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ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɸ |
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2.5.9. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ |
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ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ |
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ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ! ɋɥɟɞɨ ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɂɡ ɬɚɛɥ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɭɸ ɲɚɯɬɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɯɥɚɞɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤȼɬ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɦɟɫɢɩɨɫɥɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɡɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ
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Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦ ɬɚɛɥ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫ ɯɥɚɞɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤȼɬ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢ ɨɧɟɪɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ
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ɗɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɋ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɯɥɚɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɨ ɤȼɬ Ɍɨɝɞɚ
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ɱɬɨɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɋ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.4 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ |
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ʋ |
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟ |
ɩ ɩ |
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ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ |
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Qɥ |
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ɤȾɠ ɱ |
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tɬɟɩ |
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ɋ |
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tɧ |
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ɤȾɠ ɱ |
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Qɨɤ |
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ɤȾɠ ɱ |
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qɨ |
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ɤɤɚɥ ɱ |
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Qɦ |
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Qɥɛ |
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Qɛ |
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Qɨɛɳ |
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Gɬɟɩ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.5
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ
ʋɬɚ |
ȼɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ |
Kt |
ɇɦ |
Ƚɫɬ |
n |
hɧ |
Ɋ |
Lɦ |
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v |
D |
Nɩɨɬɪ |
Nɥ |
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ɤɤɚɥ ɱāɦā & |
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ɦ |
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ɦ |
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ɒɬɪɟɤ |
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ɒɬɪɟɤ |
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ɒɬɪɟɤ |
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ɍɤɥɨɧ |
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ɜ |
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ɜ |
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ɧ |
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Ʉɜɟɪɲɥɚɝ |
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ɋɬɜɨɥ |
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ɋɬɜɨɥ |
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Ʌɚɜɚ |
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Ʌɚɜɚ |
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Ʌɚɜɚ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ.©ɜª ± ɥɟɛɟɞɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜɜɟɪɯ ©ɧª ± ɥɟɛɟɞɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɡ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɨɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭ ɟɬɫɹ"
Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ ɬɟɥɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ"ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬ"ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬ"Ʉɚɤɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚ
ɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɟ"Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ"Ʉɚɤɨɜ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧ
ɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ"
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ
ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɁȺɓɂɌɇɈȽɈ ɁȺɁȿɆɅȿɇɂə
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ± ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ©ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤª ɉɍɗ ɩɨɞ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ ©ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟª ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨ ɦɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ
Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɤɨɫ ɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɥ ɩɪɨɛɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢ ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɣɞɟɬ ɬɨɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
Rɱɟɥ Rɡ ɭ ɝɞɟ Rɱɟɥ ± ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ Rɱɟɥ Ɉɦ Rɡ ɭ ± ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɤɚɧɢɸ ɬɨɤɚ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ Ɉɦ
Rɡ ɭ Ɉɦ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨ ɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɦɟ ɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟ ɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɡɚɡɟɦ ɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ ɧɢɢ ɜɵɲɟ ȼ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ȼ ± ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɠɢɥɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ
Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ ɧɢɟɦ ɞɨ ȼ ɫ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɸ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ȼ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢ Ɂɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ȼ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ȼ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟ ɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɤɚɯ ± ɩɪɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɵɲɟ ȼ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ȼ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ Ɂɚɡɟɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɟɬɨɤɨɜɟ ɞɭɳɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ Ɉɧɢ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɰɟɯɨɜɨɟ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɬɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɪɭ ɠɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɸ ɳɟɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɭɝɨɥɤɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɚɬ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɝɥɭɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɧɚ ɫɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɉɪɢ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɱɚɳɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɟ ɭɝɨɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟ ɜɵɟ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɡɚɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ
± ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ
± ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɚɢ
± ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɵ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ:
± ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩ ɜɢɞɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢ ɢɫ ɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɩ
± ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɯɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɰɟɯɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ
± ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɚɥɶɜɚ ɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨ ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ ɩ
± ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȡ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɦɟ ɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ȡ Ɉɦāɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
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ɝɞɟ ȡɬ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥ ȥ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɊɎ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ȥ ± ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟ ɬɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ȥ ± ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɨɜ