Производственная безопасность основы производственной безопасности. Практикум
.pdfɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɭɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ
Ɋɢɫ Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɚ – ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɨɣɥɟɪ ɛ – ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤ
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɫɤɪɵɬɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ©ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦª ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤ± ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟ ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ± ɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡ ɗɬɨɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɭ ɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɞɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɨɬɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ Ɉɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɝɞɟ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɞ Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɩɨɜɢɞɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɚɛɥ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.1 |
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ |
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ɉɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ |
ɇɚɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɵɣ |
ɉɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ |
Ɍɜɟɪɞɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢ |
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ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ |
ɉɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟ |
Ɉɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɦ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɫɨ |
ɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ |
ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɦ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɫ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɵɦ |
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ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ |
ɉɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ |
Ⱥɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɚɹ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɚɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɜ |
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ɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɞɜɨɣɧɚɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚ |
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ɬɚɹ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɚɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ |
ɉɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɬɹɝɢ |
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɢ |
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ɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɟ |
ɉɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ |
ɑɭɝɭɧ ɫɬɚɥɶ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ ɦɟɞɶ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ |
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ɉɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ |
ɉɨɥɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ |
ɉɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ |
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɛɟɡ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɩɭɫ |
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ɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ |
ɉɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ |
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡ |
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɚɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɯɨɡɹɣ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɟɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɨ ɋ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɛɨɣɥɟɪ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɥ ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɨ ɋ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ ɥ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɋ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵ ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢ ɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ ɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɉɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɋ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɪɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɥɟɝɢɨɧɟɥ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɬɨɹɱɟɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɋ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɜ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢ ɬɟɥɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪ ɫ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɉɚ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɚɪɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɬɥɵ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɵ ɜɵɤɢɞɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɚ ɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɥɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪ ɫ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɉɚ ɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɫɨ ɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɚɪɚ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠ ɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɤɢɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɢ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɞɨ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɬɥɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨ ɪɹɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ
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G G Gn ! Dɤ |
ɝɞɟ Gi ± ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ i ɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɤɝ ɱ
n – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ
Dɤ – ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɤɝ ɱ
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ G ± ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɚ ɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɛɪɨɲɟɧ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ G Ɇɉɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
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G B B ĮF ɪ |
ɝɞH ɪ ± ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ Ɇɉɚ
B ± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɚɛɥ ɢ
B – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ ɬɚɛɥ
D ± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɫɟɱɟ ɧɢɹ F ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ D ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ
F ± ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɚɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɫɟɱɟ ɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɦ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ B ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨ ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ E ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɬ ɟ
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ɝɞɟ E ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɢ E ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ Eɤɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.2
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ B ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɵ k =
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.3 |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ B ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ |
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ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɵ k |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ B ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ p |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.4 |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ B |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ:
± ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ n
± ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɥɚ Dɤ ɤɝ ɱ
± ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ p Ɇɉɚ
± ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɩɚɪ
± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɚɪɚ Į
± ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ d ɦɦ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚ ɩɚɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɦ ɤɨɬɥɟ Ɉɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ G Dɤ
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵ ɜɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
G = B B ĮF p + .
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ B ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɹ ɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥ
B ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɵ kɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ B . Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ȕ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ B ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ȕ ȕɤɪ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ F ʌrā ɦɦ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
G ā ā ā ā ā ɤɝ ɱ
ɤɝ ɱ ɤɝ ɱ ɱɬɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.5 |
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ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ |
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Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɑɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɝɪɟɣɧɵɦ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ" Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɛɨɣɥɟɪ"Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢȼɢɞɵ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤ" ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɩ
ɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɬɟɥɟɣ ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚ
ɩɚɧɨɜ Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɤɨɬɥɨɜ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ
ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɉɈɀȺɊɇɕɏ ɆȿɊɈɉɊɂəɌɂɃ
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ± ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟ ɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɣ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɠɚ ɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɛɵɬɭ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢ ɨɧɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ ɱɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɭɸ ɢɯ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɸ
ȼɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨ ɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɝɚɫɹɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɚɪɟ ɫɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬ ɪɟɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɠɚɪ ɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ ɦ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɫɦ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɦ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɠɚɪɨ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ± ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨ ɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɝɧɟɬɭɲɚɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ ɢ ɪɚɡ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɮɬɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨ ɜɚɬɶ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɠɚɪ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɡ ɝɨɪɚɧɢɣ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɨɝ ɧɟɬɭɲɚɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ ɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɦ Ƚɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɨɝɧɟɬɭɲɚɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ȽɈɌȼ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɝɧɹ ɬɚɛɥ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɟ ± ɚɪɝɨɧ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɧ ɨɡɨɧ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɗɬɢ ɝɚɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɡɜɚɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨ
ɪɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɩɚɫɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɑɬɨ ɛɵ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɞɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ
ɯɥɚɞɨɧɵ ± ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɣ ɢ ɣ ɜ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɵ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɯɥɨɪ ɝɭɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɢ ɉɨɩɚɞɚɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢ ɝɚɡɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɬ ɟɟ ɧɨ ɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨ ɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɬ ɞɨ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.1 |
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɬɭɲɚɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ |
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Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ |
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭ |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ |
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ |
ɨɝɧɟɬɭɲɚɳɚɹ |
ɥɹɪɧɚɹ |
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ |
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ |
ɦɚɫɫɚ |
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ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ |
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Ɇ |
Uɤɝ ɦ |
Kɡ |
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Vɨɛɴɟɦɧ |
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ɝ ɦɨɥɶ |
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Ⱥɪɝɨɧ |
$U |
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Ɉɤɫɢɞ |
&2 |
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ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ |
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ɏɥɚɞɨɧ |
&) + |
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ɏɥɚɞɨɧ |
& ) + |
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ɏɥɚɞɨɧ HD |
& ) + |
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ɏɥɚɞɨɧ ɐ |
& ) |
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ɂɧɟɪɝɟɧ |
1 $U |
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&2 |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɝɚɡ ± ɫɚɦɨɟ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɯɢɦɢɱɟ ɫɤɢ ɨɧ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɇɨ ɷɬɨ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɲɟɜɨɣ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɝɚɡɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɭɦɚɧɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɭ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɦ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɟɞɟɪ ɜɨɞɵ
ɂɧɟɪɬɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɫɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɟɧ ȿɝɨ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɫ ɤɢɫɥɨ ɪɨɞɨɦ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɭɞɭɲɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɦɟ ɳɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɵɯɚ ɧɢɹ ɉɨɬɨɦɭ ɬɨ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɥɚɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧ ɞɭɟɬɫɹ ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɵ Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
±±±±±±±±±
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ,62
ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɨɜ ɨɬ ɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɫɩɚɡɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɯɥɚɞɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɯɥɚɞɨɧ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɌɚɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɜɟɪɨ ɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɝɧɟɬɭɲɚɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ ɨɱɚɝɟ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɜ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɯɥɚɞɨɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɜ ɩɟɬɟɪ ɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɦ ɚɷɪɨɩɨɪɬɭ ɉɭɥɤɨɜɨ ɋɥɨɜɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɝɧɟɬɭɲɚ ɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ȽɊɓ ± ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɳɢɬ ɂȻɉ ± ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ȼ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɥɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɦɟ ɳɟɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɨɜ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɨɝ ɧɟɝɚɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ